Short-Term Follow-up of Surgical Management Verruca Vulgaris with Modified Estlander Flap: A Case Report and Recent Literature Review.

Background: Verruca vulgaris (VV), widely known as warts, is a common benign skin lesion, which is caused by human papilloma virus. In some cases, VV can be developed within the oral cavity. Surgical excision is considered as the most preferred treatment modality for both cutaneous and oral VV which could be challenge to deal with. Case Report: Herein, a short-term case of a 64-year-old male patient with a large oral VV, involving the lower and upper lips, and commissure was reported. The patient underwent a wide surgical excision, resulting in a significant lip defect. The modified Estlander flap technique was applied to treat the defect and restore lip function. At one year post operation, no signs of recurrence were recorded, and the Estlander flap technique displayed satisfactory outcomes. Conclusions: Surgical management of oral VV involving lips may leaves large defect, which requires consideration in defect reconstruction. This case report shows that reconstruction of the defect with a modified estlander flap resulted in a good outcome, with satisfactory functionality for the patient. Key words:Estlander flap, verruca vulgaris, surgical excision.

Advanced outcomes of mixed reality usage in orthognathic surgery: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Orthognathic surgery (OGS) is a highly sophisticated surgical technique that aims to repair a variety of skeletal and dental abnormalities, including misaligned jaws and teeth. It requires precise preoperative preparation and advanced surgical skills, which are typically learned through years of practical experience in operating rooms or laboratory-based surgical training facilities utilizing cadavers or models. The traditional physical hands-on method of surgical training is still used at OGS. However, this method requires a longer time of preparation. Currently, mixed reality (MR)-a combination of virtual reality and augmented reality technology-is an innovation of OGS. The present study aimed to present a comprehensive review of studies that assessed the advantages of utilizing mixed reality technology in OGS. METHODS: A modified Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome strategy was performed using a combination of electronic (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase) and manual searches between 2013 and 2023 exploring mixed reality (MR) technology in OGS in the last 10 years. The inclusion criteria were limited to the patient and study model focusing on the clinical application of MR and the associated field of OGS. RESULT: The initial search indicated 1731 studies, of which 17 studies were included for analysis. The main results indicated that the use of MR technology in OGS led to high accuracy and time reduction as primary outcomes and cost-effectiveness and skill improvement as secondary outcomes. The review firmly concluded that MR technology exhibited a positive impact on students, trainees, and oromaxillofacial surgeons. However, due to the heterogeneity of the included studies, meta-analyses could not be performed. Collectively, these findings provide strong evidence for the advantages of MR technology in orthognathic surgery. CONCLUSION: MR technology significantly improves OGS planning efficiency by providing pre-surgical information and serving as an intraoperative navigation tool, reducing surgical time without compromising outcomes. Virtual training using MR technology exerts a positive impact on knowledge and skill improvement for OGS. This innovative technology will revolutionize the healthcare system and enhance patient care.

Guselkumab: A new etiological factor of medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ)? A case report.

Medication Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) has traditionally been mostly attributed to the exposure to antiresorptive agents such as bisphosphonates and denosumab. Nevertheless, following the development of new medications in oncology, the spectrum of drugs associated with MRONJ widened, with, for example, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mTOR inhibitor, or monoclonal antibodies against VEGF. To date, MRONJ has not been assessed or reported in patients treated with guselkumab so far. Guselkumab is a fully human IgG1λ monoclonal antibody that selectively targets the p19 protein subunit of extracellular human IL-23 and inhibits its intracellular and downstream signalling. It consists of two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains. The four chains are linked together by covalent disulfide bonds and noncovalent protein-protein interactions. The aim of this article is to report a case of a patient with severe psoriasic arhtritis and plaque psoriasis who presented with a clinical condition that could resemble a MRONJ following guselkumab therapy and a dental root extraction.

Epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, and management of MRONJ: A European multicenter study.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this European multicenter study was to describe the general characteristics and risk factors of MRONJ lesions as well as their clinical diagnosis and management at different European Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery centers, in order to minimize selections biases and provide information about the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, and the current trends in the treatment of MRONJ across Europe. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The following data were registered for each patient: gender; age at MRONJ diagnosis; past medical history; indication for antiresorptive or antiangiogenic therapy; type of antiresorptive medication; local risk factor for MRONJ; MRONJ Stage; anatomic location and symptoms; treatment; surgical complications; recurrence. RESULTS: A total of 537 patients (375 females, 162 males) with MRONJ were included. Statistically significant associations were found between patients with metastatic bone disease and recurrences (P < 0.0005) and between advanced MRONJ stages (stages 2 and 3) and recurrences (P < 0.005). Statistically significant associations were also found between male gender and recurrences (P < 0.05), and between MRONJ maxillary sites and recurrences (P < 0.0000005). CONCLUSIONS: A longer mean duration of antiresorptive medications before MRONJ onset was observed in patients affected by osteoporosis, whereas a shorter mean duration was observed in all metastatic bone cancer patients, and in particular in those affected by prostate cancer with bone metastases or multiple myeloma. Surgery plays an important role for the management of MRONJ lesions.

Oral and oropharyngeal malignant minor salivary gland tumors: A retrospective study.

INTRODUCTION: Tumors of minor salivary gland origin are uncommon lesions, representing 2-3 % of all malignant neoplasms of the upper aerodigestive tract and 9-23 % of all salivary gland tumors. The aim of this study is to report the demographic features, sites, histological types and the management and outcomes of oral and oropharyngeal minor salivary gland tumors diagnosed and treated in a University Hospital with a multidisciplinary head and neck team. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-center retrospective observational study was conducted in a cohort of patients who received diagnosis of minor salivary gland carcinoma of oropharynx and oral cavity between July 30th 2000 and 30th September 2021. The following data of the included patients were collected: age, gender, smoke history, alcohol consumption, past medical history, comorbidities, anatomic location of the tumor, histopathology, staging, management, and outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 30 cases (16 females, 14 males) of oral and oropharyngeal minor salivary gland tumors were reviewed. The most frequent histotype was polymorphous adenocarcinoma (12 patients). The majority of patients presented with low stage at diagnosis, with 66,66 % of the population classified as stage I or II at diagnosis. On the whole, 29 patients out of 30 benefitted from a surgical approach as first treatment. In 11 patients, adjuvant radiotherapy was performed and in 6 cases it was associated with chemotherapy. Brachytherapy with different timing was performed in 5 cases. The recurrence rate was 26.66 %. Overall disease specific survival at five and ten years was found to be approximately 81 % and 33 % respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Surgery is still considered to be the gold standard of the treatment of minor salivary gland tumors. Radiation therapy, in spite of not being considered as a curative primary treatment for salivary malignancies, is extensively used as an adjuvant treatment.

Breast Ductal Infiltrative Adenocarcinoma Metastasis to the Mandible.

Metastatic lesions to the jaws are rare. The oral sites to which metastasis most commonly occur are the jaws, the gingiva, and the tongue. Lower jaw is a more frequent site of metastasis compared to the upper jaw with posterior areas (ramus, body) that are more prone to the deposition of cancerous cells due to presence of hematopoietic bone marrow, subdivision of local blood vessels and reduced velocity of blood flow. In fact, the formation of secondary foci of tumor colonization occurs by hematogenous dissemination of tumor emboli, that accumulate in regions with larger amounts of bone marrow and low circulatory velocity. In females, commonly seen metastatic lesions arise from primary neoplasms in breasts, colon, genitals and thyroid glands, whereas in males arise from lungs, prostate and colon region. Patients with metastatic jaw disease may be asymptomatic or may show various clinical signs and symptoms that include pain, swelling, paresthesia, foul smell, tooth mobility, exophytic growths of the soft tissues, reduced mouth opening and, infrequently, pathological fractures. In particular, metastasis in breast cancer is commonly seen in the lungs, liver, bones, pleura, brain, and kidneys, whereas breast cancer metastasis to the oral cavity is not common and is seen in only around 1% of the cases. Breast cancer can also be latent where the metastases appear years after treatment of the primary tumor. The presence of metastasis is highly important in determining the patient's prognosis and mode of treatment. The aim of the present article is to present and discuss the diagnosis of a breast cancer metastasis in the mandibular angle.

Surgical management of dentigerous cyst arises from ectopic tooth: A report of three consecutive cases and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Dentigerous cysts are slow-growing, asymptomatic lesions that typically form around the crowns of impacted teeth. They are not detected until they start to harm the tissues around the teeth. AIM: The present study aimed to describe surgical techniques for treating dentigerous cysts associated with ectopic teeth. CASES: Three patients with dentigerous cysts associated with ectopic teeth, their surgical approaches, and the supporting literature are presented herein. In two cases, the surgical technique used was intra-oral, and in one case was extra-oral. Under general anesthesia, dentigerous cyst enucleation and ectopic tooth removal were carried out. DISCUSSION: In the present study, the ectopic tooth cases were all linked to dentigerous cysts. Enucleation or marsupialization treatments could be used to treat dentigerous cysts. Enucleation with the removal of the impacted tooth is the preferred treatment for dentigerous cysts. CONCLUSION: To perform minimally invasive surgery, the position of the ectopic teeth, the accessibility of the surgical site, the degree of bone reduction, and the simplicity of instrumentation should all be considered.

Patient's perception of recovery following surgical removal of mandibular third molars. A prospective european multi-center study.

This study evaluated patient's perception of recovery following surgical removal of mandibular third molars (SRM3s) including analyze of potential risk factors associated with impaired convalescent. Patient related parameters combined with preoperative questionnaires including Modified Dental Anxiety Scale, Oral Health Impact Profile-14, and Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth index were correlated with questionnaires assessing pain, swelling, trismus, sick leave, social and working isolation, physical appearance, eating and speaking ability, diet variations, sleep impairment, impaired sensation of the lip, chin, and tongue, one month following SRM3s. Totally, 412 patients (223 females, 189 males) with mean age of 29.4 years were included. Treatment satisfaction and willingness to undergo similar surgery were reported by 92% and 95%, although 21% reported that the surgery and postoperative period had been worse than expected. Mean days with pain, sick leave, and swelling were 3.6, 2.1, and 3.6, respectively. Preoperative symptoms, dental anxiety level, and prolonged surgical time were associated with increased pain and swelling (P < 0.05). Pell and Gregory classification (I-IIIC) were associated with impaired sensation of the lower lip and chin (P < 0.05). Consequently, results from this study improve the surgeon's ability to predict parameters that predisposed to impaired recovery and neurosensory disturbances following SRM3s.

The use of Anatomage table for metastases to the oral region.

INTRODUCTION: The Anatomage Table is a modern device characterized by virtual reality functionality that may be used to enhance the teaching of human anatomy to medical and allied health students. The purpose of the present study was to use the virtual dissection table (3D Anatomage) as an additional tool for education and information in cases of metastases to the oral region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The hospital database of Vercelli Hospital, Vercelli, Italy, was searched for metastases to the oral region. DICOM data of Computed tomography scans were retrieved and uploaded in the Anatomage Table device. The workstation was used to obtain images of the body surface, "dissection cuts," or "vascular reconstructions," modifying the filters. RESULTS: The reconstructed images of three cases of metastases to the oral region from pulmonary adenocarcinoma, pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma, and breast ductal infiltrative adenocarcinoma were produced and presented. Different filters were used. DISCUSSION: The use of Anatomage Table, a touch interactive anatomy virtual dissection table used in anatomy education, thanks to the application of different filters, may represent a promising resource both for patients and students.

The epidemiology and management of odontomas: a European multicenter study.

INTRODUCTION: Odontoma is the most commonly diagnosed odontogenic tumor of the oral cavity. The objective of the present study was to assess the demographic variables, patterns, diagnostic features, and management issues of odontomas treated at several European departments of maxillofacial and oral surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted at 8 European departments of oral surgery between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2018. Only patients with odontomas were included. The following data were recorded for each patient: gender, age, comorbidities, site, size of odontomas, radiographic features, type of odontoma, treatment of odontomas, treatment of associated teeth, complications, and recurrence. RESULTS: A total of 127 patients (70 male and 57 female patients) with odontomas were included. The mean age was 22 years; 71 odontomas were found in the mandible, whereas 56 in the maxilla. In the mandible, the most frequently involved subsite was the parasymphysis, while in the maxilla, the most common subsite was the upper incisor region. The mean size of included odontomas was 15.3 mm. On the whole, 62 complex odontomas, 50 compound odontomas, and 15 mixed-type odontomas were observed. Complete excision of the odontomas was performed in 121 patients. In 24 patients, the extraction of deciduous teeth was performed, and in 43 patients, one or more permanent teeth were removed. Finally, in 9 patients, a partial excision of the odontoma was performed. Recurrence was observed in 4 cases out of 127 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Dental practitioners should be aware of the distinct clinical and radiographic features of odontoma in order to perform an appropriate and early diagnosis. Conventional radiography, such as panoramic radiograph, is often sufficient technique for a diagnosis after clinical suspicion or for an incidental diagnosis to prevent later complications, such as impaction or failure of eruption of teeth.

Intraosseous angiolipoma of the mandible.

INTRODUCTION: The angiolipoma is an uncommon histologic variant of lipomas, accounts for 5-17% of lipomas. Intraosseous lipomas of the jaws are extremely rare. The aim of the present article is to report and discuss another case of intramandibular angiolipoma. CASE REPORT: A 66-year-old man was referred to the Dentistry Department for the diagnosis and treatment of a lesion in the mandible. Past medical history included HIV positivity. The patient was asymptomatic. A CT scan revealed the incidental finding of a well-defined radiolucent image in the right body of the mandible, in the edentulous first molar / second premolar region, with sclerotic margins, and in contact with the mandibular canal, that was preserved. A conservative enucleation under local anesthesia was decided, together with the patient. Histopathological findings were consistent with the diagnosis of angiolipoma. DISCUSSION: Clinically, most intraosseous lipomas are asymptomatic, including the present case. Histological findings are essential for the diagnosis of intraosseous angiolipoma: mature neoplastic adipocytes streaked with numerous interspersed vascular spaces / blood vessels surrounded by mast cells and filled with red cells and several fibrous microthrombi are characteristics of angiolipomas. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of intraosseous angiolipomas of the jaws may be difficult due to their rarity and it requires a histopathological examination.

Unusual generalized tetanus evolving from odontogenic infection: A case report and review of recent literature.

Tetanus is an acute and vaccine-preventable disease caused by anaerobic bacteria, Clostridium tetani. This bacterium can enter the human body via a deep wound, burn injury or medical procedure; however, certain cases also originate from odontogenic infection. In the present study, a tetanus infection associated with dental origin in a 44-year-old man is reported. The case was complicated by lockjaw and difficulty swallowing that worsened over a few days, followed by a generalized spasm. Furthermore, a literature review was performed, in which six reported cases of tetanus, presumed to be of dental or oral origin, were identified between 2011and 2021. General practitioners, especially dentists, should be aware of tetanus associated with odontogenic origin even without a history of an external penetrating wound or other medical procedures:.

Influence of patient-related factors on intraoperative blood loss during double opposing Z-plasty Furlow palatoplasty and buccal fat pad coverage: A prospective study.

Background: Surgical procedures including palatoplasty have a risk for complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the intraoperative and early postoperative blood loss using the buccal fat pad (BFP) during cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) surgery. Material and Methods: This prospective study included a total of 109 patients with cleft palate (CP) during a three-month period of treatment at Hasanuddin University Dental Hospital (permanent center) and charity trips in rural parts of Eastern Indonesia. All patients were treated with DOZ Furlow technique combined with BFP graft. Before and after surgery, the total amount of intraoperative blood loss was calculated by measuring the weight differences of the gauze swabs that were used to control the surgical bleeding followed by a complete blood count at three days postoperatively. Results: The difference in the amount of blood loss based on age categories in charity groups was found to be significant (P<0.05). Overall, we found that high body weight and operation time significantly contributed to increased blood loss (P<0.05). Conclusions: Weight and operative time can contribute to more blood loss during palatoplasty. Key words:Buccal fat pad, complication, cleft lip, cleft palate, palatoplasty.

Epidemiology, treatment, and recurrence of odontogenic and non-odontogenic cysts in South Sulawesi, Indonesia: A 6-year retrospective study.

Background: Diagnosis of jaw cysts is challenging in general dental practice, and most cases are incidentally discovered through routine dental radiography. The aim of this study was to examine the epidemiology and treatment of odontogenic and non-odontogenic cysts to better understand the status of these lesions in populations in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Material and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on patients treated at four different hospitals in Makassar between January 2011 and June 2017. Patients diagnosed as having odontogenic or non-odontogenic cysts were included in the study. Information on variables such as sex, age, histopathological, and anatomical distributions was collected. Statistical analyses were performed using an independent T-test and the Pearson chi-square test (p< 0.05). Results: A total of 173 samples were collected, of which only 60 were histopathologically analyzed. The patients' mean age was 30.3 years. The cysts occurred more frequently in women and in the anterior maxilla, followed by the posterior mandible. The radicular cyst was the most prevalent type, followed by the dentigerous cyst. Most cysts were treated with enucleation. Of the patients, 72.8% were followed up, of whom 3.2% had a recurrence and only 19.1% had complaints of clinical symptoms. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that odontogenic and non-odontogenic cysts widely vary in terms of incidence, with some exhibiting a predilection for specific ages and sites and specific sex. Knowledge of these factors could be useful for both clinicians and pathologists in the diagnosis and choice of the appropriate treatment plan. Key words:Cyst, epidemiology, odontogenic, non-odontogenic, treatment.

One-year stability of the mandibular advancement and counterclockwise rotation for correction of the skeletal class II malocclusion and high mandibular plane angle: Dental and skeletal aspect.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stability on dental and skeletal aspect after surgical advancement and counterclockwise rotation for the correction of the mandibular deficiency in patients with high mandibular plane angle (MPA). METHODS: We analyzed the records of patients who had undergone surgical treatment for dentofacial deformities with mandibular deficiency and high MPA. Clinical and radiological data were taken 1 month before surgery (T0), 6 weeks after surgery (T1) and 1 year after surgery (T2). Cephalometric values of the MPA were recorded and compared. The cephalometric changes in the different time periods were defined as follows: A: postsurgical changes (T0-T1), B: one-year changes (T1-T2), and C: short term changes (T0-T2). RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients had prominent mandibular deficiency with an MPA of over 35° (high angle). The mean age of patients at surgery was 29.7 years. Seven patients had a single jaw procedure, 20 patients had bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) combined with a Le Fort I osteotomy, and 14 patients had additional genioplasty. MPA values differed significantly between the time periods (p < 0.05) with an observed relapse of the angle. However, satisfactory clinical improvement was achieved in the dental and skeletal presentation. The overjet improvement was evident from 8.815 ± 2.085 mm (T0) to 3.426 ± 1.253 mm (T2). CONCLUSION: Counterclockwise surgical advancement of the mandible to correct mandibular deficiency in patients with a high mandibular plane angle showed an overall acceptable stability during one-year follow-up.

The use of mandibular advancement devices in adult patients affected by obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: our experience with Thornton Adjustable Positioner® splint.

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a sleep-related disorder resulting in apneic and hypopneic episodes during sleep. The purpose of this article was to present and discuss our experience with the Thornton Adjustable Positioner® (TAP) Splint (Scheu-Dental GmbH, Iserlohn, Germany; Orthosystem, Milan, Italy) in a consecutive series of patients affected by OSAS. METHODS: The data of all patients affected by OSAS and with indication to oral appliance (OA) treatment at the Department of Dentistry of the Hospital of Vercelli between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2019, were collected. The following data were recorded for each patient: gender, age, smoke and/or alcohol assumption, BMI, comorbidities and current pharmacological therapy, initial AHI, OSAS category, eventual performed OSAS treatment options before OA treatment, indication to OA treatment, final AHI following OA treatment, complications and side effects. RESULTS: A total of 18 subjects (11 men, 7 women) with a mean age of 58.8 years were enrolled in this study with a mean AHI of 27.9 (range 5.884). Average BMI was 29. OA treatment reduced AHI in all patients (mean post treatment AHI: 5; range: 3.1-8). All patients were satisfied with the subjective improvement of OSAS symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm the usefulness of a specific type of mandibular advancement device that can be considered as a valuable therapeutic modality in OSAS patients. Side effects are limited, and they usually do not decrease the compliance of patients.

Imaging of odontogenic keratocysts: a pictorial review.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present article was to review and depict the main radiological features of odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), thus helping the differential diagnoses from other odontogenic cysts and neoplasms. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A review of articles published between January 2000 and October 2020 using Medline and the MeSH Term "odontogenic keratocyst" in combination with the following terms "imaging," "radiology," "panoramic radiograph," and "computed tomography," was performed. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Radiographically, OKCs are well-defined unilocular or multilocular radiolucencies bounded by corticated margins. Most lesions are unilocular; instead, multilocular OKCs represent about the 30% of cases, mainly involving the posterior mandible. When, particularly in large lesions, OKCs display a multilocular presentation with adjacent satellite cysts (daughter cysts) a "soap-bubble appearance" can be recognized. DISCUSSION: Panoramic radiograph and CT still play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment planning of OKCs. Unfortunately, it may not be easy to differentiate OKCs from other odontogenic lesions, especially when they are small and unilocular. CONCLUSIONS: Histopathological findings are still necessary to obtain a definitive diagnosis.

The epidemiology and management of odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs): A European multicenter study.

The objective of the present study was to assess the epidemiology including demographic variables, diagnostic features, and the management of odontogenic keratocyst (OKCs) at several European departments of maxillofacial and oral surgery. This study is based on a systematic computer-assisted database that allowed the recording of data from treated OKCs. The following data were recorded for each patient: gender, age, voluptuary habits, comorbidities, site, size, radiographic features, treatment of OKCs, length of hospital stay, complications, recurrence, management and complications of eventual recurrence. A total of 405 patients, 249 male and 156 female, with 415 OKCs (407 sporadic and 8 syndromic lesions) were included in the study: 320 lesions were found in the mandible, whereas 95 were found in the maxilla. In the mandible, the most frequently involved subsite was the angle, whereas in the maxilla it was the molar region. The most frequently performed treatment option was enucleation plus curettage/peripheral ostectomy in 204 OKCs (recurrence rate, 9%). Decompression without residual cystectomy (recurrence rate, 66%), marsupialization with residual enucleation with the use of Carnoy's solution (recurrence rate, 50%), decompression with residual cystectomy (recurrence rate, 43%), and simple enucleation (recurrence rate, 24%) were the treatment options with the highest recurrence rates. An appropriate management of odontogenic keratocysts should be individualized, taking into consideration clinical and radiological findings, as well as patients' age and comorbidities.

Quality of life following maxillofacial trauma in the elderly: a multicenter, prospective study.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: When facial trauma involves elderly patients, the possible presence of frailty and comorbidities in victims of trauma may worsen the posttraumatic symptoms and decrease quality of life. The aim of this multicenter study was to assess the quality of life following surgical or non-operative management of maxillofacial trauma in elderly patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cohort study was based on the administration of validated self-administered questionnaires to all the geriatric patients (70 years or more) with facial fractures from the involved maxillofacial surgical units across Europe, since 1st January 2019 to 31st June 2019. The following questionnaires were administered: SF36 questionnaire; the VFQ-25 questionnaire; the Oral Health Impact Profile - 14 (OHIP14). Outcome variables were VFQ-25 and OHIP-14 results. RESULTS: A total of 37 patients (14 male and 23 female patients) met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. Elderly patients had an improvement in almost all the categories examined by the SF-36 questionnaire 6 months after trauma, with the only exception of a worsening as for role limitations due to physical health. An improvement was observed in almost all the categories at SF-36 test. A worsening of scores of OHIP-14 for all the considered dimensions in the whole study population was observed too. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly patients following facial trauma experience significant emotional, social, and functional disturbances. We observed that emotional problems, energy/fatigue, social functioning, and generally social limitations played a great role in the decrease of QoL in elderly patients following maxillofacial trauma.