[Total replacement of both carotid arteries combined with ascending aorta and aortic arch replacement for acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection]. / Polnoe protezirovanie obeikh sonnykh arterii v sochetanii s zamenoi dugi i voskhodyashchei aorty pri ostrom rassloenii aorty I tipa po Debeiki.

Involvement of supra-aortic vessels into acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection is a significant predictor of adverse postoperative neurological outcomes and mortality. The choice of surgical tactics remains open in such patients. We present total replacement of both common carotid arteries and proximal part of the right subclavian artery with reconstruction of ascending aorta and aortic arch for acute DeBakey type I dissection.

[Complete detachment of the right coronary artery in a patient with acute aortic dissection type A]. / Polnyi otryv pravoi koronarnoi arterii u patsienta s ostrym rassloeniem aorty (tip A).

Extremely rare and formidable complication of acute aortic dissection type A in a young patient is reported in the article. Clinical symptoms and features of surgical technique are described.

[Repeat surgical treatment of a patient with chronic type A aortic dissection an cerebral malperfusion syndrome]. / Povtornoe khirurgicheskoe lechenie bol'nogo s khronicheskim rassloeniem aorty tipa A i sindromom tserebral'noi mal'perfuzii.

Described in the article is a clinical case report regarding repeat surgical intervention with prosthetic repair of the aortic arch and brachiocephalic arteries. The findings of computed tomography demonstrated residual proximal aortic dissection extending to the brachiocephalic trunk and the right common carotid artery. The patient was subjected to redo surgery consisting in aortic arch repair according to the fresh elephant trunk technique and reconstruction of the brachiocephalic arteries with a 24-mm multiple-branched graft Vascutek Gelweave Plexus 4 in conditions of extracorporeal circulation and circulatory arrest with antegrade bihemispheric cerebral perfusion. The postoperative period was complicated by reactive pneumonia. The patient was discharged on POD 30 in a satisfactory condition. Computed tomography at 6 months revealed nothing to be particularly noted. This case report is suggestive of the necessity of working out a protocol of appropriate management of patients presenting with acute type A aortic dissection, which would make it possible to carry out treatment that would ensure no need for repeat interventions.

[Minimally invasive ascending aortic replacement in patient with chronic aortic dissection type A (in Russian only)]. / Protezirovanie voskhodiashchei aorty iz mini-dostupa u patsienta s khronicheskoi dissektsiei aorty tipa A.

It is presented case report of minimally invasive surgical repair of chronic aortic dissection type A in a 61-year-old patient. Perspective minimally invasive surgical approach is suggested for this pathology in order to improve quality of life and rehabilitation after cardiac surgery. Surgical technique and features are comprehensively described.

[Current state of the genetic polymorphism in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) from Russia assessed by the alleles of hordein-coding loci].

Starch gel electrophoresis was performed to study the polymorphism of hordeins encoded by the Hrd A, Hrd B, and Hrd F loci in 211 varieties of spring barley. For 41 of these varieties, the genetic formulas were established for the first time. In the two samples of varieties, the comparative analysis of allelic diversity and allele frequencies of hordein-coding loci was carried out. The first sample consisted of 101 spring barley varieties approved for the use on the territory of the Russian Federation in 1999, while the second sample included 160 spring barley varieties that were approved in 2014; 49 of these varieties were common for both samples. It is demonstrated that the current tendency to reduction of the proportion of heterogeneous spring barley varieties is mainly due to the introduction of foreign varieties homogeneous for the hordein-coding loci. At the same time, there is an increase in polymorphism of hordein-coding loci in modern spring barley varieties. The number of alleles for the Hrd A locus increased by five alleles, and for the Hrd B locus, by nine alleles. Along with the alleles recorded earlier in barley landrace populations and varieties bred in 20th century, three novel alleles of the Hrd A locus and four alleles of the Hrd B locus were identified. The number of alleles of the Hrd F locus remained unchanged (four), and the changes in their frequencies were small. At the same time, the changes in frequency observed for some alleles of the Hrd A and Hrd B loci were statistically significant. All newly identified alleles of hordein-coding loci were found with low frequencies (from 0.003 to 0.006), so despite the increased number of alleles, no statistically significant increase in genetic diversity in terms of µ and PIC indices was observed.

[Detection of Determinants of Functional Aortic Regurgitation in Patients With Ascending Aorta Aneurism by Transesophagea1 Echocardioscopy].

We used transesophageal echocardioscopy for the study of effects of linear parameters of the aortic root and characteristics of its subvalvular space (area of subvalvular space of the aortic root during diastole and aortic cusps coaptation height) on severity of aortic regurgitation in patients with aneurism of ascending aorta and anatomically unchanged aortic valve (AV), i.e. so-called functional aortic regurgitation (FAR). We found that appearance of FAR was associated with coefficient of disproportion sinotubular ridge/fibrous annulus of AV > 1.67, aortic cusps coaptation height > 0.47 cm and area of subvalvular space of the aortic root >0.49 cm2. Respective values > 2.23, > 1.07 cm, 0.49 cm2 evidenced for the presence of pronounced FAR.

Self-Similar Theory of Thermal Conduction and Application to the Solar Wind.

We propose a self-similar kinetic theory of thermal conductivity in a magnetized plasma, and discuss its application to the solar wind. We study a collisional kinetic equation in a spatially expanding magnetic flux tube, assuming that the magnetic field strength, the plasma density, and the plasma temperature decline as power laws of distance along the tube. We demonstrate that the electron kinetic equation has a family of scale-invariant solutions for a particular relation among the magnetic-, density-, and temperature-scaling exponents. These solutions describe the heat flux as a function of the temperature Knudsen number γ, which we require to be constant along the flux tube. We observe that self-similarity may be realized in the solar wind; for the Helios data 0.3-1 AU we find that the scaling exponents for density, temperature, and heat flux are close to those dictated by scale invariance. We find steady-state solutions of the self-similar kinetic equation numerically, and show that these solutions accurately reproduce the electron strahl population seen in the solar wind, as well as the measured heat flux.

[Detection of Determinants of Functional Aortic Regurgitation in Patients With Ascending Aorta Aneurism by Transesophageal Echocardioscopy].

We used transesophageal echocardioscopy for the study of effects of linear parameters of the aortic root and characteristics of its subvalvular space (area of subvalvular space of the aortic root during diastole and aortic cusps coaptation height) on severity of aortic regurgitation in patients with aneurism of ascending aorta and anatomically unchanged aortic valve (AV), i.e. so-called functional aortic regurgitation (FAR). We found that appearance of FAR was associated with coefficient of disproportion sinotubular ridge/fibrous annulus of AV>1.67, aortic cusps coaptation height >0.47 cm and area of subvalvular space of the aortic root >0.49 cm2. Respective values >2.23, >1.07 cm, 0.49 cm2 evidenced for the presence of pronounced FAR.

Ion-scale spectral break of solar wind turbulence at high and low beta.

The power spectrum of magnetic fluctuations in the solar wind at 1 AU displays a break between two power laws in the range of spacecraft-frame frequencies 0.1 to 1 Hz. These frequencies correspond to spatial scales in the plasma frame near the proton gyroradius ρi and proton inertial length di. At 1 AU it is difficult to determine which of these is associated with the break, since [Formula: see text] and the perpendicular ion plasma beta is typically ß⊥i∼1. To address this, several exceptional intervals with ß⊥i≪1 and ß⊥i≫1 were investigated, during which these scales were well separated. It was found that for ß⊥i≪1 the break occurs at di and for ß⊥i≫1 at ρi, i.e., the larger of the two scales. Possible explanations for these results are discussed, including Alfvén wave dispersion, damping, and current sheets.

Nature of subproton scale turbulence in the solar wind.

The nature of subproton scale fluctuations in the solar wind is an open question, partly because two similar types of electromagnetic turbulence can occur: kinetic Alfvén turbulence and whistler turbulence. These two possibilities, however, have one key qualitative difference: whistler turbulence, unlike kinetic Alfvén turbulence, has negligible power in density fluctuations. In this Letter, we present new observational data, as well as analytical and numerical results, to investigate this difference. These results show, for the first time, that the fluctuations well below the proton scale are predominantly kinetic Alfvén turbulence, and, if present at all, the whistler fluctuations make up only a small fraction of the total energy.