Factors Associated With Driving Status Among Brazilian Older Adults.

This study analyzed the factors associated with driving status among older adults in Brazil. The sample consisted of 15,221 older adults (≥65 years) residing in Brazilian capitals in 2018. The following question established the participants' driving status: "Do you drive a car, motorcycle, and/or another vehicle?" Sociodemographic, health conditions, and health-related behaviors were derived through standard procedures. Poisson regression analysis was performed to estimate prevalence ratios and 95% confidence interval. The prevalence of drivers was 28.83%. We found that being physically active during leisure time and higher daily recreational screen time (>3 h/day) were associated with driving status. Self-perceived negative health and being physically active by commuting showed an inverse association with driving status. The high prevalence of older drivers and the characteristics associated with driving reinforces the importance of public policy strategies for these individuals.

Development of a Food-Based Diet Quality Scale for Brazilian Schoolchildren Using Item Response Theory.

Item response theory (IRT) is a psychometric method that provides probabilistic model-based measurements. Its use is relatively recent in the assessment of food consumption, especially through dietary assessment tools. This study aims (1) to develop a food-based diet quality scale for Brazilian schoolchildren using IRT, and (2) to apply the scale to a representative sample of schoolchildren from a Southern Brazilian city. The scale was developed with daily consumption frequency of foods from 835 students who completed the Food Intake and Physical Activity of Schoolchildren questionnaire. Questionnaire foods were grouped into 10 items according to their nutritional similarities and were evaluated by full-information factor analysis that indicated a dominant factor explaining 28% of the variance. Psychometric item analysis was performed using Samejima's model. The scale covered all levels of diet quality, from "very poor" (scores < 95) to "very good" (scores ≥ 130). Children who had higher diet quality scores consumed beans, meat, fish, eggs, fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and water more frequently, while reducing the consumption of ultraprocessed sugary foods, ultraprocessed savoury snacks and sausages, and sugary drinks. Of 6323 children, an average of less than 10% consumed the highest diet quality scores (good or very good diet quality) and about 60% of children consumed low diet quality scores. The scale can be applied to other schoolchildren with the same measure precision.

Patterns of risk behaviors in Brazilian older adults: A latent class analysis.

AIM: The aim of the present study was to describe the clustering of diet, physical activity, television viewing, and tobacco and alcohol use among Brazilian older adults (aged ≥60 years). METHODS: We carried out a secondary analysis of the Brazilian National Health Survey of 2013. Brazilian older adults (n = 11 177) reported their consumption of fruit and vegetables, leisure physical activity, television viewing, tobacco smoking, and alcohol intake. Latent class analysis was used to identify behavior patterns. RESULTS: Three classes of behaviors were identified. The "Healthy" class (34.8%) had the highest probability of meeting recommendations for physical activity, and fruit and vegetable consumption; the "Poor diet and PA" class (46.5%) presented low probabilities of meeting recommendations for physical activity and alcohol consumption; and the "Smoking and binge drinking" class (18.7%) had the highest probability of smoking and binge drinking. CONCLUSIONS: Three behavioral patterns were identified in the Brazilian older population. Even in the "Healthy" class, less than half of the older adults were considered physically active, suggesting that there is no completely healthy profile. Nevertheless, physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption behaviors clustered, as did smoking and binge drinking. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 245-248.

The impact of crown fracture in the permanent dentition on children's quality of life.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Among the diseases related to oral health, traumatic dental injuries (TDI) can lead to pain, loss of function and aesthetic problems, with physical, emotional and social consequences for children and their families. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between enamel fracture and enamel-dentin fracture with oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study had a representative sample of 1589 children between 8-10 years of age from public schools. The OHRQoL was obtained through the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8-10 ), which is a questionnaire validated for Brazilian children. Clinical data were collected by 4 calibrated examiners (Kappa > 0.7) using the Decay, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) Index, Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and TDI. A socio-economic questionnaire was sent to the caregivers to be answered at home. Descriptive statistics and Poisson regression with prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of TDI was 10.6%, and among these 10.3% who had an impact on the OHRQoL, it was due to enamel-dentin fracture. Children with enamel-dentin fracture had (PR 1.35; 95% CI 1.07-1.70) higher prevalence of impact on the OHRQoL. Children with enamel fracture had no impact on the OHRQoL (P = .254). CONCLUSION: Enamel fracture had no significant impact on children's quality of life, while enamel-dentin fracture did have an impact on quality of life.

Untreated Dental Caries Is Associated with Reports of Verbal Bullying in Children 8-10 Years Old.

The objective of this research was to verify the association between verbal bullying and untreated dental caries. The present cross-sectional study had a representative sample of 1,589 children, aged 8-10 years, from public schools. Information on verbal bullying related to the oral condition was obtained through a questionnaire directed to the students. Clinical data were collected by 4 calibrated examiners (kappa > 0.70) using the DMFT/dmft and PUFA/pufa indexes for caries. Socioeconomic issues were answered by those responsible. The prevalence of verbal bullying related to the oral condition was 27%. The results of the Poisson regression, in an adjusted multiple model, showed a significant association between bullying and untreated caries lesions (prevalence ratio, PR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.07-1.52), PUFA/pufa index (PR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.11-1.61), pulp involvement (PR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.09-1.67), and abscess (PR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.18-2.56). It was concluded that children with untreated dental caries had a higher prevalence of verbal bullying when compared to caries-free or disease-treated children.

Factors associated with active commuting to school and to work among Brazilian adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Active commuting has decreased substantially in recent decades and has been more frequent in specific demographic and socioeconomic profiles. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of active trips and the possible associations with demographic and socioeconomic variables. METHODS: A questionnaire on lifestyle and risk behavior was administered to a sample population of 5028 adolescents, ages 15 to 19 years, attending public high schools in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Logistic regressions (odds ratio--OR; 95% confidence interval) were used to test associations. RESULTS: Active commuting to school was reported for 56.7% of students, and active commuting to work was reported for 70.0%. The likelihood of commuting passively was greater among girls (school: OR = 1.27; 1.10-1.45), older adolescents (school: OR = 1.17; 1.02-1.33; work: OR = 1.49; 1.22-1.82), those who lived in rural areas (school: OR = 12.1; 9.91-14.8), those who spent more time in commuting (school: OR = 2.33; 2.01-2.69; work: OR = 4.35; 3.52-5.38), and those from high-income families (school: OR = 1.40; 1.21-1.62; work: OR = 1.69; 1.37-2.08). CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of students taking active trips was higher when going to work than to school. All indicators were associated with the mode of commuting, except gender and place of residence for commuting to work.

Freqüência de hemolisinas anti-A e anti-B em doadores de sangue de Itapeva e Ourinhos / Anti-A and anti-B hemolysin frequencies in blood donors from Itapeva and Ourinhos

Uma transfusão de sangue com o tipo ABO incorreto pode resultar na morte dopaciente, com reação hemolítica intravascular, seguida de alterações imunológicas e bioquímicas. Considerando a pequena quantidade de estudos sobre as hemolisinas anti-A e anti-B e a importância desses anticorpos na prática transfusional, o objetivodeste trabalho foi verificar a frequência dessas hemolisinas e a associação a fatores como etnia e gênero em doadores de sangue dos bancos de sangue dos municípios de Itapeva e de Ourinhos, no interior do estado de São Paulo. Foram analisadas todas asamostras de doadores tipo O cadastradas nos bancos de sangue, com elevado nível plasmático de hemolisinas (doadores considerados perigosos). Coletaram-se os dados relativos à frequência das hemolisinas, etnia, gênero e procedência destes doadores.A frequência de doadores de sangue do grupo sanguíneo O perigosos é de 1,2%em Itapeva e de 5,3% em Ourinhos. Na cidade de Ourinhos, o risco de um doadorbranco ter hemolisina positiva é 2,16 vezes maior do que para outros doadores, e na cidade de Itapeva notou-se que o risco é menor para brancos do que para outros doadores. Em relação ao gênero, em Ourinhos o risco de um doador ter hemolisina positiva é 1,82 vezes maior para o gênero masculino, e na cidade de Itapeva, o risco foi maior para doadores do gênero feminino. A relação entre o gênero, a etnia e a frequência de hemolisinas foi diferente nas duas cidades. Mesmo assim, destaca-se a importância dos bancos de sangue estarem atentos às características de prevalência deste tipo de doador.

Blood transfusion using unmatched ABO blood types can result in patient death due to intravascular hemolytic reactions followed by immunological and biochemical changes. Considering the small number of studies on anti-A and anti-B hemolysins and the relevanceof these antibodies in the transfusional practice, this work aimed at assessing the frequency of these hemolysins and their relationship to factors such as ethnic background and gender in blood donors of blood banks located in Itapeva and Ourinhos, São Paulo State, Brazil. All samples from type O donors recorded in these two blood banks with high serum levels of hemolysins (donations considered high-risk) were analyzed. Data related to hemolysin frequencies, ethnicity, gender and origin of blood donors were collected. Thefrequency of donors belonging to the high-risk O blood group was 1.2% in Itapeva and 5.3% in Ourinhos. In Ourinhos the risk of a Caucasian donor being positive for hemolysin is 2.16 times higher than other ethnic groups and in Itapeva, it was observed that therisk is lower for Caucasians than other ethnic groups. Regarding the gender, in Ourinhos the risk of a donor being positive to hemolysin is 1.82 times greater in men and in Itapeva the risk ishigher in women. The ratios of gender and ethnic background in respect to frequency were different between the two regions. Thus it is important for blood banks to be aware of regional variations.