[The S2k guideline: Indications for knee endoprosthesis : Evidence and consent-based indications for total knee arthroplasty]. / S2k-Leitlinie: Indikation Knieendoprothese : Evidenz- und konsensbasierte Indikationsstellung in der Knie-Endoprothetik (EKIT-Knie).

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most frequent surgical procedures in orthopaedic surgery. Until now there have not been any standardized indication criteria, which might contribute to the large geographical differences in the frequency of TKA. This guideline aims to consent minimal requirements (main criteria), additional important aspects (minor criteria), as well as relative and absolute contraindications for TKA. The following main criteria have been consented: knee pain, radiological confirmation of osteoarthritis or osteonecrosis, inadequate response to conservative treatment, adverse impact of knee disease on the patient's quality of life and the burden of suffering due to the knee disease. Relative contraindications have been consented as severe general disease with reduced life expectancy and a BMI ≥40; absolute contraindications are an active infection and if the patient is not able to undergo major surgery.

[Physiotherapy, occupational therapy and physical therapy in fibromyalgia syndrome : Updated guidelines 2017 and overview of systematic review articles]. / Physiotherapie, Ergotherapie und physikalische Verfahren beim Fibromyalgiesyndrom : Aktualisierte Leitlinie 2017 und Übersicht von systematischen Übersichtsarbeiten.

BACKGROUND: The regular update of the guidelines on fibromyalgia syndrome, AWMF number 145/004, was scheduled for April 2017. METHODS: The guidelines were developed by 13 scientific societies and 2 patient self-help organizations coordinated by the German Pain Society. Working groups (n =8) with a total of 42 members were formed balanced with respect to gender, medical expertise, position in the medical or scientific hierarchy and potential conflicts of interest. A literature search for systematic reviews of randomized, controlled trials on physiotherapy, occupational therapy and physical therapy from December 2010 to May 2016 was performed in the Cochrane library, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Scopus databases. Levels of evidence were assigned according to the classification system of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine version 2009. The strength of recommendations was achieved by multiple step formalized procedures to reach a consensus. Efficacy, risks, patient preferences and applicability of available therapies were weighed up against each other. The guidelines were reviewed and approved by the board of directors of the societies engaged in the development of the guidelines. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Low to moderate intensity endurance and strength training are strongly recommended. Chiropractic, laser therapy, magnetic field therapy, massage and transcranial magnetic stimulation are not recommended.

[Rehabilitation after hip and knee endoprosthetic treatment in the elderly]. / Rehabilitation nach hüft- und knieendoprothetischer Versorgung älterer Menschen.

Due to current demographic developments with a continuous increase in average life expectancy and improved medical treatment, the number of elderly patients with joint replacement of the lower extremities also has increased in recent years. Most of these patients have not only one but several chronic diseases requiring treatment and medication. Drug-drug interaction and functional restrictions of the elderly additionally reduce the postoperative psychophysical capacity; therefore, special knowledge in rehabilitative treatment and pain management is necessary. Physiotherapy and exercise should include training of mobility, endurance, strength, coordination and training in activities of daily living. The individual constitution and pain during exercise must always be taken into consideration. Rehabilitative outcome is dependent on a functioning cooperation of an interdisciplinary rehabilitation team and requires an organized, holistic treatment approach in interconnected structures, which aims at rapid postoperative mobilization.

[Musculoskeletal symptoms in patients with post-polio syndrome]. / Orthopädische Beschwerden und Funktionseinschränkungen beim Post-Polio-Syndrom.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of the post-polio syndrome (PPS) is in estimated 50 % of persons with established poliomyelitis with a subsequently stable phase of at least 15 years. The basic mechanism is a loss of motoneuron cells in the spinal cord resulting in muscle weakness and fatigue. In addition pain, cold intolerance and a loss of stamina are frequently reported. There are few studies focusing on the orthopaedic symptoms in the PPS. This study should support the health-care professionals to the address the needs of PPS patients. METHODS: A questionnaire was developed to collect data on patients who have been diagnosed by a neurologist as fulfilling the criteria of a PPS. It consists of two parts. In the first part, general patient data are collected. In the second part, details of health, pain, and activities of daily living are collected at two points in time: the time of the stable phase immediately after the acute phase of the disease and the phase after the PPS diagnosis. The questionnaires were sent to patients with a diagnosis of PPS. A total of 124 questionnaires were analysed (male: 45, female: 79). Parts of the data were used to calculate a score. It was hypothesised that the score would demonstrate a higher load of orthopaedic symptoms in the PPS phase. RESULTS: The results show that the phase after poliomyelitis (stable phase vs. PPS phase) was associated with significantly different sum score relating to the orthopaedic impairments. The score in the stable phase is on average 18.6 units lower than that in the post-PPS diagnosis phase (p < 0.001). The hypothesis that in the PPS phase the load of orthopaedic symptoms is increased is confirmed by our data. The "loss of functioning in the upper extremity" is also significantly associated with the score (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: At the time the survey was taken, patients reveal a high level of musculoskeletal impairments and disabilities after PPS than during the stable phase with regard to general health as well as pain status and performance of daily activities. Age has no significant impact. Many of the patients are severely limited, especially with regard to activities such as walking, climbing stairs, and performing simple household tasks. Since there is no causal therapy for the underlying degeneration of the anterior horn cell pools, treatment is focused on the compensation of the functional limitations.

[Health education and health training with osteoarthritis]. / Gesundheitserziehung und Gesundheitstraining bei Arthrose.

Osteoarthrosis is one of the most prevalent diseases in orthopedics. Its impact for the individual patient as well as for the socio-economic system is enormous. An increasing loss of function and pain progress of disease leads to chronic handicap, which severely restricts freedom of a self-determined life and reduces quality of life. Besides conservative and later surgical treatment, health-inducing offers to patients with arthrosis deformans have gained more importance in the process of coping with the illness similar to other chronic diseases. Health education and exercise are supposed to help patients gain more theoretical and practical knowledge of the disease and foster a more positive attitude in order to improve self management. The effect of patient educating programs with respect to self-help activities and socio-economic savings (return to work, days of hospital treatment) could be verified during recent years in many cases of chronic disease, such as rheumatic disease, diabetes and asthma through prospective multicenter studies. Whether special health training in osteoarthrosis leads to similar effects is subject of current studies.

Persistence of estrogenic hormones in agricultural soils: I. 17Beta-estradiol and estrone.

The persistence and pathways of dissipation of 17beta-estradiol and estrone in soil were established in laboratory microcosm incubations. [4-14C]-17beta-Estradiol dissipation and mineralization rates were determined over a range of temperatures and moistures, and this compound was rapidly removed in soil conditions typical of a temperate growing season. 17beta-Estradiol was oxidized to estrone in both autoclaved and nonsterile loam, silt loam, and sandy loam soils, suggesting an abiological transformation. In contrast, estrone was stable in autoclaved soil, suggesting that its removal was microbially mediated. Both [4-14C]-17beta-estradiol and [4-14C]-estrone formed non-extractable residues, and soil-bound residues were only slowly mineralized, suggesting that their bioavailability was low. Determination of total estrogenicity in soil extracts by means of a recombinant yeast assay indicated that there were no other estrogenic compounds produced during 17beta-estradiol dissipation, and that total estrogenicity was rapidly dissipated below the detection limit. We suggest that environmental studies evaluating the movement and persistence of estrogenic hormones from animal wastes should include estrone in their analyses.

[Individual isokinetic strength training in patients with gonarthrosis]. / Individuelles isokinetisches Krafttraining bei Patienten mit Gonarthrose.

PROBLEM: To date, therapy of osteoarthritis of the knee is aimed at relieving pain and changing behavior patterns, which usually leads to reduced activity. The weakening of the quadricep's musculature leads to an increase in both joint instability and arthritis. Walking time is prolonged and the pain-induced reaction of knee angle velocity is onset by increased stress on other joints. The progressive muscle atrophy correlates to the degree of pain. The aim of this study was to demonstrate an improvement in strength and pain based on 4-week isokinetic strength training in gonarthritis patients. METHOD: During a conservative hospitalization period, isokinetic strength training was performed by 19 randomized patients with gonarthritis in addition to regular physiotherapy. Another 19 patients functioned as a control group. The work was examined at 60 degrees/s and 180 degrees/s and rated using a pain questionnaire at the start and end of the investigation. RESULTS: In addition to the expected increase of strength and strength endurance in the test group, the degree of pain could also be statistically significantly decreased compared to the control group. Activities of daily living, such as climbing stairs and standing-up, were also performed more easily. CONCLUSIONS: The therapeutic strategy for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee should be reconsidered to include less expensive therapeutic sport measures. Anglo-american and Scandinavian studies support this statement. Overuse and pain can be avoided by precise and low-dose strength training. Objective and reproducible measurements in the patients are essential to make individual training possible.

Clinical experience of a tricomponent acellular pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids for primary vaccination in 22,505 infants.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the safety and tolerability of 12 lots of SmithKline Beecham Biologicals' diphtheria-tetanus-tricomponent acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) in a large cohort of 22,000 vaccinees, with detailed analyses of reactivity, immunogenicity, and immune response to pertussis toxin in subsets. METHODS: In a prospective, double-blind, multicenter trial in Germany, 22,505 healthy infants received three vaccinations of DTaP at age 3, 4, and 5 months. Serious adverse events were followed for 1 month after each vaccination, and neurologic events for 1 year or longer. Serum IgG antibodies were assayed before vaccination and 1 month after vaccination. RESULTS: After 67,000 doses, 153 serious adverse events (0.23%) were reported, 8 considered possibly related, and 5 related to vaccination, including 1 hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode. Incidence rates of sudden infant death syndrome (7; 0.01%) or acute neurologic events (20; 0.030%) were no higher than expected and not considered to be related to vaccination. Redness and swelling of 20 mm or greater occurred after 44 (0.6%) and 40 (0.6%) of the 7270 doses, respectively, and high fever (> 39.5 degrees C) in 6 (0.08%) subjects within 48 hours of vaccination. In the immunogenicity analysis of 580 infants, 98% responded to pertussis toxin, 96% to filamentous hemagglutinin, and 98% to pertactin. In an additional 5712 infants, the response rate to pertussis toxin was 99%. CONCLUSIONS: In a large cohort of 22,505 infants vaccinated, SmithKline Beecham Biologicals' tricomponent DTaP vaccine was shown to be safe, well-tolerated, and immunogenic for all component antigens.

Is prophylactic bracing of the ankle cost effective?

The ankle joints of 14 healthy volunteers and 16 patients with unstable ankle joints were tested for their functional and proprioceptive capabilities. All of them were active athletes. Three tests were used: the single-leg stance test, the single-leg jumping course test, and the angle-reproduction test. The influence of three stabilization devices--the lace-on brace (Mikros), the stirrup brace (Aircast), and taping--on the proprioceptivity of stable and unstable ankle joints was evaluated. The scores of the single-leg jumping course test without any stabilizing device ("standard" category) ranged between 8.06 and 13.68 (10.65 + 1.29). In the Mikros (9.95 + 0.99) and Aircast (9.99 + 1.14) brace categories, as well as the tape bandage (10.27 + 0.81) category, better scores were achieved. The differences between "standard vs Mikros" and "standard vs Aircast" revealed a significant reduction of the scores with the orthoses (P < .01). The error rate in the single-leg stance test was within the range of 0 to 16 (5.12 + 2.85) for the standard category. It was lower for the Mikros (3.65 + 2.65) and Aircast (4.17 + 2.59) categories. The error rate was highest in the tape bandage group (5.79 + 3.53). There was a significant difference between "standard vs Mikros" and "standard vs Aircast" regarding injured and non-injured ankle joints (P < .01). The angle-reproduction test showed higher values for the standard (2.36 degrees + 0.97) category than the Mikros (1.46 degrees + 0.72), Aircast (1.62 degrees + 0.91), and taping (1.84 degrees + 0.41) categories. In the standard category, the reproduction error was lower when non-injured ankle joints (2.30 degrees + 1.04) were tested than when unstable ankle joints (2.44 degrees + 0.81) were tested, whereas in all other categories the reproduction error was higher in the group of non-injured joints. According to the literature, applying a prophylactic brace can prevent an estimated 30 ankle sprains per 1000 athletic exposures.

Influence of the running shoe sole on the pressure in the anterior tibial compartment.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of a negative shoe sole on the intracompartmental pressure in the anterior tibial compartment. In 35 volunteers, the compartment pressure was documented during a 20-min. run on a treadmill with conventional running shoes and with running shoes with a negative sole. Besides the documentation of the compartment pressure we also performed a gait analysis. The comparison of gait cycle between the conventional shoe and the shoe with a negative sole showed remarkable differences. With the conventional shoe, plantar flexion after initial contact was 16 degrees compared to 6 degrees with the special shoe. Duration of plantar flexion with the normal shoe was 0.17 sec. compared to 0.1 sec. with the special shoe. The intraindividual comparison of the individual pressure curves revealed evident differences in most of the subjects. The comparison of maximum pressures of each volunteer after running with the normal shoe as well as with the special shoe showed a decrease in the maximum pressure level when using the special shoe. The maximum pressures with the normal shoe (59.7 +/- 9.1 mm Hg) were significantly higher than with the special shoe (36.5 +/- 11.8 mm Hg) (p < 0.001). The comparison of the mean pressure showed similar results. With the normal shoe a mean pressure of 47.1 mm Hg (+/- 9.0 mm Hg) was measured compared to 29.8 mm Hg (+/- 11.0 mm Hg) with the special shoe (p < 0.001). Regarding the subjective comfort of the special shoe 18 subjects did not find any difference in comparison with the normal shoe.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The influence of orthoses on the proprioception of the ankle joint.

The ankle joints of 14 healthy volunteers and 16 patients with unstable ankle joints were tested regarding their functional and proprioceptive capabilities. All of them were active athletes. Three tests were used of the study: single-leg stance test, single-leg jumping course test, angle-reproduction test. The influence of three stabilization devices (lace-on-brace/"Mikros", stirrup-brace/"Aircast", taping) on the proprioceptivity of stable and unstable ankle joints was evaluated. The scores of the single-leg jumping course without any stabilizing device (category "standard") ranged between 8.06 and 13.68 (10.65 +/- 1.29). In the categories "Mikros" (9.85 +/- 0.99), and "Aircast" (9.99 +/- 1.14) as well as with the tape bandage (10.27 +/- 0.81) better scores were achieved. The differences "standard vs. Mikros" and "standard vs. Aircast" revealed a significant reduction of the scores with orthoses (P < 0.01). The error rate in the single-leg stance test was within the range of 0-16 (5.12 +/- 2.85) for the category "standard". It was lower for the categories "Mikros" (3.65 +/- 2.65) and "Aircast" (4.17 +/- 2.59). The error rate was highest in the group with a tape bandage (5.79 +/- 3.53). The differences "standard vs Mikros" as well as "standard vs. Aircast" were significant (P < 0.01). There was also a significant difference between these categories regarding injured and not injured ankle joints (P < 0.01). The angle-reproduction-test showed higher values for the category "standard" (2.36 degrees +/- 0.97) in comparison to the categories "Mikros" (1.46 degrees +/- 0.72), "Aircast" (1.62 degrees +/- 0.91) and "taping" (1.84 degrees +/- 0.41).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)