Occupational patterns of families living with a health condition: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: A family's health is sustained by its occupational patterns. While it is commonly accepted that a health condition places extra demands on a family's time or can limit daily occupations, few studies have reported on the occupational patterns of these families. AIMS/OBJECTIVES: This scoping review provides an overview of the current state of research exploring occupational patterns of families living with a health condition. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Publications between 2000 and 2018 indexed in CINAHL, PsycInfo, Medline and Scopus databases were searched. RESULTS: Seventy-seven studies were included in the final content analysis. Findings suggest that families' occupational patterns are more complex than simply the sum of individual and shared occupational patterns, but consist of interconnected relational aspects of occupations, rarely highlighted in studies. Moreover, testimonies tend to be predominantly from the mother's perspectives, thereby limiting the scope of understanding of the interdependent nature of families' occupational patterns. CONCLUSION: To better understand the complexity and interdependence of families' occupational patterns, future studies should examine multiple perspectives (parents and children) when studying occupations in a family setting. This can be enabled by the use of a variety of data collection methodologies.

Childhood Trauma, Perceived Stress, and Hair Cortisol in Adults With and Without Cardiovascular Disease.

OBJECTIVE: Childhood trauma has been associated with greater psychological and physical morbidity, including a greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). This may partially reflect trauma-induced disturbances in how stress is later perceived and regulated. This study evaluated the associations of childhood trauma with perceived stress and hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) in a large sample of adults with coronary artery disease (CAD) and in non-CVD patients experiencing other nonfatal illnesses. Whether sex, age, or CVD status influenced these associations was also examined. METHODS: A total of 1124 men and women (aged 65.2 [6.9] years) recruited from a hospital cohort completed the Childhood Trauma and Perceived Stress Questionnaires, whereas hair samples were obtained from 598 participants. Health status was confirmed via medical records. RESULTS: Moderate to severe childhood trauma was experienced by 359 participants. Childhood trauma was associated with greater perceived stress levels for the past 2 years (r = .308, p = .01; ß = 0.263, p < .001), but not 3-month cortisol secretion in hair. Perceived stress correlated negatively with age (r = -.241, p < .001). In secondary analyses, age moderated the relation between sexual abuse and perceived stress (ß = -0.067, p = .016). Although sexual abuse was associated with greater levels of perceived stress among all participants, this relation was strongest in younger individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Participants who experienced trauma in their youth reported greater levels of perceived stress, but not HCC, in late adulthood. Whether this suggests intact hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal regulation in those exposed to childhood trauma or whether this reflects the characteristics of our sample requires further investigation.

Tetracarbon-ylbis(η-cyclo-penta-dien-yl)bis(diphenyl-phosphine)dimolybdenum(Mo-Mo) hexane solvate.

The title compound, [Mo(2)(C(5)H(5))(2)(C(12)H(11)P)(2)(CO)(4)]·C(6)H(14), is a centrosymmetric Mo complex in which two Mo atoms are connected by an Mo-Mo bond [3.2072 (12) Å]. Each Mo atom is coordinated by an η(5)-cyclo-penta-dienyl ligand, two carbonyl ligands and a diphenyl-phosphine ligand in a piano-stool fashion.