Sensory analysis of cosmetic powders: personal care ingredients and emulsions.

OBJECTIVE: The powders are ingredients increasingly used in the formulation of cosmetic products for the sensory qualities they give. The objective of this study was the development of a lexicon and a referential for sensory characterization of these pure raw materials as well as formulations which contain them. METHODS: Eleven expert panellists from Ecole de biologie industrielle de Cergy (France) developed a lexicon and a referential based on 12 powders of different chemical natures. The selected attributes were then used for performing a quantitative descriptive profile of two powders and an emulsion containing or not one of these two powders. RESULTS: A lexicon has been established through a consensus approach of the panel. It contains seven attributes that allow the evaluation of the powders in four phases: the appearance, the pickup, the application and the after-feel. This lexicon contains definitions and assessment protocols and provides references products. The quantitative descriptive profile of two powders of the same chemical nature, but different in physical quality showed significant differences in sensory level between products. These same attributes used to evaluate an emulsion containing the powder or not allowed to prove the contribution of these raw materials on the sensory specificities of the emulsion. CONCLUSION: The lexicon developed in this study can be used for assessment of other powders but also to define the quantities necessary to put in the formulation to meet the sensory characteristics of these raw materials powder.

Klebsiella and E. coli liver abscess associated with aerobilia: a case report.

Pyogenic liver abscesses are commonly caused by biliary tract infections. We report here a case of liver abscess developed secondary to a biliary-enteric fistula. A 83 year old diabetic woman was admitted because of sepsis due to Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. Coli and with upper right quadrant pain. Six months before admission, a laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed. The abdominal sonography showed a liver abscess associated with an important aerobilia. The Magnetic Resonance Cholangiography showed a choledocho-colic fistula with an important inflammatory background. There was no evidence of neoplasia or inflammatory bowel disease. The evolution was marked by the development of urinary and bronchial tract infection due to Klebsiella. Septic metastasis are characteristics of Klebsiella liver abscesses. Percutaneous drainage associated with a intravenous antibiotherapy was performed.

[Septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein and Lemierre syndrome]. / Thrombophlébite septique de la veine jugulaire interne et syndrome de Lemierre.

The authors report a case of Lemierre's syndrome. This uncommon clinical entity is characterized by a septic internal jugular vein thrombosis with secondary metastatic abscesses and Fusobacterium necrophorum septicemia, following an acute oropharyngeal infection. The diagnosis is primarily clinical and it should be suspected when a severe septicaemic illness, with pulmonary symptoms, occurs after an acute pharyngotonsillar infection. This article reviews the clinical picture, microbiology and treatment of this forgotten complication of acute tonsillitis.

[Cervico-facial non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Apropos of a case of orbital localization]. / Les lymphomes non-hodgkiniens cervico-faciaux. A propos d'une localisation orbitaire.

The orbital localization of the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is not the more common site of presentation. The most classical sites in the head and neck are the cervical lymph nodes and Waldeyer's ring. The treatment is depending on the Staging and includes radiation therapy, chemotherapy and surgery or a combination of these modalities. We describe here an orbital localization of intermediate-grade. The clinical and pathological features are discussed, and the literature is summarized.