RESUMO
Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) has a favorable prognosis, but it is important to identify those patients who have a high risk of progressive disease and DTC-related death at the time of diagnosis. Analyzing genetic and epigenetic alterations in thyroid cancer may play a role in tumor diagnosis, prognostic and therapeutic strategies.
Assuntos
Carcinoma/genética , Epigênese Genética/genética , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/genética , HumanosRESUMO
Diffusion tensor imaging is a MRI technique that enables the measurement of the diffusion of water in tissue in order to produce neural tract images. Advanced methods such as color coding and tractography (fiber tracking) have been used to investigate the directionality. The localization of tumors in relation to the white matter tracts (infiltration, deflection), has been one the most important initial applications. A non invasive technique for assessing tumor tissue characteristics, like tumor cell density, is required to assist preoperative surgical planning for malignant brain tumors and help better deï¬ne the target for tumor biopsy, resulting in more accurate diagnosis and grading of malignant brain tumors. One possible source of this information is diffusion tensor imaging. Date studies have focused on its ability to delineate white matter ï¬ber tracks by ï¬ber tracking and to detect tumor inï¬ltration around the tumor and normal white matter interface. Relationships between cell density and the two key values that diffusion tensor imaging provides, fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity, still need to be investigated. Mean diffusivity has a good negative correlation and fractional anisotropy has a good positive correlation with tumor cell density within the tumor core. Similar correlation was observed between the Ki-67, on the one hand and fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity, on the other hand. Thus, measurement of both fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity within the tumor core has a potential to provide detailed information on tumor cell density within the tumor.
Assuntos
Imagem de Tensor de Difusão/métodos , Neurocirurgia/métodos , HumanosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The number of evidences regarding the role of tumor stem cells (TSC) in the initiation and progression of high-grade astrocytomas became more and more numerous in the last years. This issue has been intensively tested in glioblastoma, but little attention has been paid for anaplastic astrocytoma. The main objective of this paper was to study the morphological characteristics of the xenografts developed from glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma derived cancer stem cells. METHODS: The authors of this study successfully isolated and partial characterized primary cultures of glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma derived TSC. Tumors stem cells have been stereotactically inoculated in nude mice brains and the xenografts have been studied using morphological and imunohistochemistry techniques. RESULTS: The tumor xenografts which have been established in nude mice using TSC had different characteristics when compared with U87 xenografts previously developed by our group, and depend of the origin type of the tumors (glioblastoma versus anaplastic astrocytoma). The diffuse growing pattern and cells infiltration have been more pronounced in both anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma derived TSC xenografts compared with U87 line xenografts. CONCLUSION: Our results support the hypothesis regarding the role of TSC in the infiltration process of glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma. The extensive infiltration growing patterns of these types of xenografts make them useful models for studying the invasion mechanisms in gliomas.
Assuntos
Astrocitoma/patologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Glioblastoma/patologia , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/patologia , Transplante Heterólogo , Animais , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , PrognósticoRESUMO
Although significant progresses were made in the field of molecular biology of malignant cerebral gliomas, the prognostic of these tumors continues to be reserved. One of the therapeutic failure reasons is the incomplete knowledge regarding the origin of these tumors and cells features, which in fact represent an obstacle in developing a cell and molecular therapy guided against malignant cells responsible for the tumor development and for the therapeutic resistance. Initiation and characterization of glioblastoma cell lines represents an essential step in order to obtain a better in vitro and in vivo experimental model for glioblastoma. We describe here a new glioblastoma line, named T11, which was successfully isolated in our laboratories starting with a tumor sample obtained intraoperative from a 58 years-old female patient. The histopathological evaluation showed a grad IV WHO glioma (glioblastoma). The sample was prepared by manual fragmentation, followed by enzymatic digestions using different concentration of trypsin. The cell line has been cultivated for more than 150 passages. The characterization of the glioblastoma line consisted in the evaluation of cells proliferation capacity (growth curve), morphological features, karyotyping and identification of specific markers. We found that T11 expressed specific markers for glial progenitors and astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein-GFAP); oligodendrocites (A2B5; O4), and microglia (CD45, CD 11b). Cells were negative for neuronal lineage markers like beta3-tubulin and NCAM. In order to evaluate the differentiation grade of T11 cell line, the presence of stem cell markers (nestin, CD133) was explored. T11l cells expressed higher level of nestin and lower level of CD133 comparing with standard glioblastoma cell line U87. T11 cell line expressed VEGF and Bcl-2, but not EGFR and Mdrl and Bax. This new line has distinct and unique characteristics when compared with standard glioblastoma cell line (e.g., U87) and may become a new and useful in vitro model for glioblastoma.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Neoplasias Encefálicas/química , Glioblastoma/química , Antígeno AC133 , Subfamília B de Transportador de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP , Membro 1 da Subfamília B de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/análise , Actinas/análise , Animais , Antígenos CD/análise , Western Blotting , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Receptores ErbB/análise , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Proteína Glial Fibrilar Ácida/análise , Glioblastoma/metabolismo , Glioblastoma/patologia , Glicoproteínas/análise , Humanos , Proteínas de Filamentos Intermediários/análise , Camundongos , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/transplante , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/análise , Nestina , Peptídeos/análise , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/análise , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Transplante Heterólogo , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/análiseRESUMO
Traumatic epidural hematoma (EDH) represents a rare head injury complication in infants. Its diagnosis can be quite challenging because its clinical presentation is usually subtle and nonspecific. Authors present a study on 30 infants with epidural hematoma (EDH) admitted in the Pediatric Department of Neurosurgery of the "Bagdasar-Arseni" Clinical Hospital in the period of 1990-2007 (17 years). The most common symptom was irritability, which occurred in 16 cases (53.3%), of our patients. Pallor in all cases (100%) and subgaleal hematoma in 20/30 (66.6%) of the patients. These were the most common clinical signs that occurred upon admission; both of them represent signs of significant clinical importance. Surgical evacuation via craniotomy was required in 26/30 (86.6%) of our patients, while 4/30 (13.3%) of the patients were managed conservatively. The mortality rate was 6.6% in our series, whilst the long-term morbidity rate was 3.3%. EDH in infants represents a life-threatening complication of head injury, which requires early identification and prompt surgical or conservative management depending on the patient's clinical condition, the size of EDH, and the presence ofa midline structure shift on the head's CT scan.
Assuntos
Hematoma Epidural Craniano/diagnóstico por imagem , Hematoma Epidural Craniano/cirurgia , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/complicações , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/diagnóstico por imagem , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/cirurgia , Feminino , Lobo Frontal/diagnóstico por imagem , Lobo Frontal/patologia , Lobo Frontal/cirurgia , Hematoma Epidural Craniano/etiologia , Hematoma Epidural Craniano/mortalidade , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Lobo Parietal/diagnóstico por imagem , Lobo Parietal/patologia , Lobo Parietal/cirurgia , Taxa de Sobrevida , Sobreviventes , Lobo Temporal/diagnóstico por imagem , Lobo Temporal/patologia , Lobo Temporal/cirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
In the field of neurosurgery, like in other surgical specialties, the last decades have brought major achievements. The series of revolutionary discoveries has started during the last century in the fifties, with stereotactic radiosurgery, then continued with the implementation of operative microscope (during the seventies), the endovascular embolisation in the nineties and finally with the major improvement in robotic neurosurgery and molecular neurosurgery at the beginning of this century. The major innovation has been brought not only in the field of therapeutical measures but also in the field of neuro-imaging. Thus, the modern MRI with more than 3 Tesla, can reveal to the neurosurgeon the most intimate structures of the nervous system. Several important areas in neurosurgery like: vascular neurosurgery, functional neurosurgery and brain tumors pathology, benefit from the modern technology and from the latest discoveries from genetic and molecular biology. In conclusion, summarizing the discoveries of the last decade, we emphasize that the related areas like genetics, molecular biology, computer technology become more and more important in the future progress of the neurosurgery.
Assuntos
Embolização Terapêutica/tendências , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/tendências , Radiocirurgia/tendências , Robótica/tendências , HumanosRESUMO
The inefficacity of the actual therapies for glioblastoma multiformis stimulates the researchers to search for new and innovative therapies. Therefore, the development of in vivo model for glioblastoma is an essential step during these researches, being a link between cells cultures studies and the first phases of clinical trials. In this paper, we present several procedures which have been performed for the first time in our country, such as: the cultivation and manipulation of U87MG line, the manipulation of athymic knock-out mice (NUDE Crl: CD-1 Foxn 1), the stereotactic inoculation of glioblastoma cells and finally the development of glioblastoma xenograft in the brain of inoculated nude mice. These results, which offer to the researchers from our country an in vivo model for glioblastoma, could be the start point for several projects oriented to the development of new therapies in glioblastoma, and could raise the performance of our scientific research to the European level.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Glioblastoma/patologia , Técnicas Estereotáxicas , Animais , Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirurgia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Glioblastoma/cirurgia , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Prognóstico , Técnicas Estereotáxicas/instrumentação , Transplante HeterólogoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND: Traumatic epidural hematoma (EDH) represents a rare head injury complication in infants. Its diagnosis can be quite challenging because its clinical presentation is usually subtle and nonspecific. In our current communication, we present our data regarding the presentation of infants with EDH, their management, and their long-term outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a retrospective study, the hospital and outpatient clinic charts and imaging studies (head CT and skull X-rays) of 31 infants with pure, supratentorial EDH of traumatic origin were meticulously reviewed. Children Coma Scale score and Trauma Infant Neurologic Score (TINS) were also reviewed. The most common presenting symptom was irritability, which occurred in 18/31 (58.1%) of our patients. Pallor (in 30/31 patients) and cephalhematoma (in 21/31 patients) were the most commonly occurring clinical signs upon admission; both signs represent signs of significant clinical importance. Surgical evacuation via a craniotomy was required in 24/31 of our patients, while 7/31 patients were managed conservatively. The mortality rate in our series was 6.5% (2/31 patients), and our long-term morbidity rate was 3.2% (1/31 patients). CONCLUSIONS: EDH in infants represents a life-threatening complication of head injury, which requires early identification and prompt surgical or conservative management depending on the patient's clinical condition, size of EDH, and presence of midline structure shift on head CT scan. Mortality and long-term morbidity are low with early diagnosis and prompt treatment.