Use of Digital Tools for the Assessment of Food Consumption in Brazil: A Scoping Review.

This is a scoping review on mapping the use of digital tools to assess food consumption in Brazil. Searches were carried out in nine electronic databases (Medline, Lilacs, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Science Direct, Ovid, Free Medical Journal and Crossref) to select studies published from October 2020 to December 2023. This review identified forty-eight digital tools in the 94 publications analyzed, the most frequent being web-based technologies (60%) and mobile devices (40%). Among these studies, 55% (n = 52) adopted a population-based approach, while 45% (n = 42) focused on specific regions. The predominant study design observed was cross-sectional (n = 63). A notable trend observed was the increasing frequency of validation studies in recent years. Although the use of digital tools in the assessment of food consumption in Brazil has grown in recent years, studies did not describe the process of creating and validating the tools, which would contribute to the improvement of data quality. Investments that allow the expansion of the use of the internet and mobile devices; the improvement of digital literacy; and the development of open-access tools, especially in the North and Northeast regions, are challenges that require a concerted effort towards providing equal opportunities, fostering encouragement, and delving deeper into the potential of digital tools within studies pertaining to food consumption in Brazil.

Food Consumption of People with Sickle Cell Anemia in a Middle-Income Country.

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a genetic and hemolytic disease globally characterized by social vulnerability. Food consumption has been insufficiently analyzed in SCA. Secondary iron overload is often observed. This leads to unreliable recommendations for dietary iron restriction. We assessed food consumption and iron intake among adults with SCA. Considering the guidelines for healthy eating, foods were grouped according to the NOVA classification. This transversal study included 74.4% of eligible patients who were registered in the reference center for SCA treatment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2019. Data on food consumption were collected through 24 h recall. The monthly household income of 82.3% of patients was less than $770. The consumption of fresh or minimally processed foods was directly associated with monthly household income (p < 0.0001; η2 = 0.87). Ultra-processed foods provided more than one-third of the total energy intake (35.2%). The prevalence of inadequate iron intake was about 40% among women, while that of iron intake above the tolerable upper limit was 0.8%. People from lower socioeconomic classes had the lowest iron intake. Strategies to encourage the consumption of fresh or minimally processed foods are needed considering the requirement of an antioxidant diet in SCA. These findings highlight the need for health equity to ensure food security and healthy eating in SCA.

Alimentação saudável em encartes de supermercados: reflexões segundo a classificação de alimentos adotada no Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira / Healthy eating in supermarket circulars: reflections according to the food classification adopted in dietary guidelines for the Brazilian population

Resumo O estudo visa avaliar a promoção dos subgrupos de AIN/MP anunciados em encartes de supermercados, considerando as características das redes e a tipologia dos encartes. Foram analisados encartes de cinco redes de supermercados da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro (junho/2019-maio/2020). Foram apresentados dados de abrangência e perfil socioeconômico das redes e tipo de encarte. Dos 68.110 alimentos, 30,6% são AIN/MP. Carnes/ovos foram mais promovidos (42,3%), seguido de frutas/hortaliças (20,2%) anunciados mais em encartes de hortifruti. Laticínios; cereais/farinhas/massas e bebidas/infusões representaram cerca de 10,0% dos anúncios. Leguminosas (3,8%), especiarias e cogumelos (0,2%) e oleaginosas (0,1%) foram pouco promovidos. Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas na promoção de subgrupos segundo abrangência e perfil socioeconômico das redes. Frutas/hortaliças foram mais anunciadas em redes nacionais e voltadas para o público de alta renda em comparação às locais e voltadas para um público de média/baixa renda. Constatou-se desequilíbrio na promoção dos subgrupos de AIN/MP, com diferenças entre as redes e os tipos de encartes. Diante disto, deve-se dar luz à discussão sobre a regulação da promoção de alimentos no varejo alimentar.

Abstract The present study evaluated the promotion of natural/minimally processed foods (N/MPF) subgroups advertised in supermarket circulars by considering supermarket features and circular typology. We analyzed circulars published by five supermarket chains in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro (June/2019-May/2020) and present data on the socioeconomic coverage and profile of the supermarkets and the types of circulars. Of the 68,110 types of foods, 30.6% were N/MPF. Meat/eggs were the most promoted ones (42.3%), followed by fruits/vegetables (20.2%), which were more often advertised by produce shop circulars. Dairy products, cereals/flours/pasta and beverages/infusions made up around 10.0% of the ads. Legumes (3.8%), spices and mushrooms (0.2%) and oilseeds (0.1%) were rarely promoted. Statistically significant differences were found in the promotion of subgroups according to supermarket coverage and their socioeconomic profiles. Fruits/vegetables were more often advertised by national chains and aimed at a high-income public than by local companies and aimed at a low/middle-income public. Promotion of N/MPF subgroups was disproportional due to differences among chains and types of circulars. As a result, a discussion on the regulation of food promotion in food retail is required.

Healthy eating in supermarket circulars: reflections according to the food classification adopted in dietary guidelines for the Brazilian population. / Alimentação saudável em encartes de supermercados: reflexões segundo a classificação de alimentos adotada no Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira.

The present study evaluated the promotion of natural/minimally processed foods (N/MPF) subgroups advertised in supermarket circulars by considering supermarket features and circular typology. We analyzed circulars published by five supermarket chains in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro (June/2019-May/2020) and present data on the socioeconomic coverage and profile of the supermarkets and the types of circulars. Of the 68,110 types of foods, 30.6% were N/MPF. Meat/eggs were the most promoted ones (42.3%), followed by fruits/vegetables (20.2%), which were more often advertised by produce shop circulars. Dairy products, cereals/flours/pasta and beverages/infusions made up around 10.0% of the ads. Legumes (3.8%), spices and mushrooms (0.2%) and oilseeds (0.1%) were rarely promoted. Statistically significant differences were found in the promotion of subgroups according to supermarket coverage and their socioeconomic profiles. Fruits/vegetables were more often advertised by national chains and aimed at a high-income public than by local companies and aimed at a low/middle-income public. Promotion of N/MPF subgroups was disproportional due to differences among chains and types of circulars. As a result, a discussion on the regulation of food promotion in food retail is required.

O estudo visa avaliar a promoção dos subgrupos de AIN/MP anunciados em encartes de supermercados, considerando as características das redes e a tipologia dos encartes. Foram analisados encartes de cinco redes de supermercados da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro (junho/2019-maio/2020). Foram apresentados dados de abrangência e perfil socioeconômico das redes e tipo de encarte. Dos 68.110 alimentos, 30,6% são AIN/MP. Carnes/ovos foram mais promovidos (42,3%), seguido de frutas/hortaliças (20,2%) anunciados mais em encartes de hortifruti. Laticínios; cereais/farinhas/massas e bebidas/infusões representaram cerca de 10,0% dos anúncios. Leguminosas (3,8%), especiarias e cogumelos (0,2%) e oleaginosas (0,1%) foram pouco promovidos. Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas na promoção de subgrupos segundo abrangência e perfil socioeconômico das redes. Frutas/hortaliças foram mais anunciadas em redes nacionais e voltadas para o público de alta renda em comparação às locais e voltadas para um público de média/baixa renda. Constatou-se desequilíbrio na promoção dos subgrupos de AIN/MP, com diferenças entre as redes e os tipos de encartes. Diante disto, deve-se dar luz à discussão sobre a regulação da promoção de alimentos no varejo alimentar.

Physiological evaluation of premature infants in traditional and humanized weighing: a quasi-experimental study.

OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare the physiological signs presented by premature infants in traditional and humanized weighing. METHOD: A quasi-experimental crossover study, with a sample of 30 premature infants randomly assigned and allocated to the control group (traditional) and the intervention group (humanized), from March 2019 to March 2020, with the collection of general data, vital signs before and after the procedures. Statistical analyses included description of relative and absolute frequencies, measure of central tendency and dispersion. RESULTS: Premature infants showed less increase in heart rate (53.3%) and respiratory rate (43%) in the verification of humanized weighing than in the traditional way, with 83.3% of neonates and 80%, respectively. CONCLUSION: It was observed that the humanized form provided less physiological instability, especially in heart and respiratory rates, making it necessary to encourage discussions about the humanization of care and perform this practice routinely in health units.

Neurobehavioral signals in preterm infants in body weight check: a quasi-experimental study.

OBJECTIVE: to describe and compare the frequency of neurobehavioral signs in preterm infants in traditional and humanized body weight check. METHODS: a quantitative, quasi-experimental, cross-over study, carried out in a Neonatal Unit at a university hospital with a sample of 30 preterm newborns, randomly assigned and allocated in control group (traditional) and intervention group (humanized), with collection of general data, vital signs before and after procedures and footage. RESULTS: there was a higher frequency of approach signs in humanized weight check compared to traditional check. Moreover, withdrawal signs were more frequent in traditional weight check compared to humanized check. CONCLUSION: in this regard, humanized body weight check provided greater benefits to preterm infants, making it necessary to foster discussions about humanization of care, so that this practice can be performed routinely in health units.

Neurobehavioral signals in preterm infants in body weight check: a quasi-experimental study / Señales neuroconductuales en prematuros en la verificación del peso corporal: un estudio cuasiexperimental / Sinais neurocomportamentais em prematuros na verificação do peso corporal: estudo quase-experimental

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe and compare the frequency of neurobehavioral signs in preterm infants in traditional and humanized body weight check. Methods: a quantitative, quasi-experimental, cross-over study, carried out in a Neonatal Unit at a university hospital with a sample of 30 preterm newborns, randomly assigned and allocated in control group (traditional) and intervention group (humanized), with collection of general data, vital signs before and after procedures and footage. Results: there was a higher frequency of approach signs in humanized weight check compared to traditional check. Moreover, withdrawal signs were more frequent in traditional weight check compared to humanized check. Conclusion: in this regard, humanized body weight check provided greater benefits to preterm infants, making it necessary to foster discussions about humanization of care, so that this practice can be performed routinely in health units.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir y comparar la frecuencia de signos neuroconductuales en prematuros en la verificación del peso corporal de forma tradicional y humanizada. Métodos: estudio cuantitativo, cuasiexperimental, cross-over, realizado en una Unidad Neonatal de un hospital universitario con una muestra de 30 recién nacidos prematuros, asignados aleatoriamente y asignados en el grupo control (tradicional) y en el grupo intervención (humanizado), con la recolección de datos generales, signos vitales antes y después de los procedimientos y filmaciones. Resultados: hubo mayor frecuencia de señales de acercamiento en la verificación de peso de forma humanizada en comparación con la forma tradicional. Además, los signos de retracción fueron más frecuentes en la verificación de peso de forma tradicional en comparación con la forma humanizada. Conclusión: de esa forma, la verificación del peso corporal de forma humanizada proporcionó mayores beneficios a los prematuros, siendo necesario estimular discusiones sobre la humanización de la atención, para que esa práctica pueda ser realizada de forma rutinaria en las unidades de salud.

RESUMO Objetivos: descrever e comparar a frequência dos sinais neurocomportamentais em prematuros na verificação do peso corporal de forma tradicional e humanizada. Método: estudo quantitativo, quase-experimental, tipo cross-over, realizado em uma Unidade Neonatal de um hospital universitário com amostra de 30 recém-nascidos prematuros, randomicamente assinalados e alocados no grupo controle (tradicional) e no grupo intervenção (humanizada), com a coleta de dados gerais, sinais vitais antes e depois dos procedimentos e filmagem. Resultados: observou-se uma frequência maior dos sinais de aproximação na verificação do peso de forma humanizada em relação à tradicional. Além disso, os sinais de retraimento se mostraram mais frequentes na verificação do peso de forma tradicional em comparação à humanizada. Conclusão: desse modo, a verificação do peso corporal de forma humanizada proporcionou maiores benefícios aos prematuros, tornando-se necessário estimular discussões sobre a humanização da assistência, para que esta prática possa ser realizada de forma rotineira nas unidades de saúde.

Physiological evaluation of premature infants in traditional and humanized weighing: a quasi-experimental study / Evaluación fisiológica de prematuros en pesaje tradicional y humanizado: un estudio cuasi experimental / Avaliação fisiológica de prematuros na pesagem tradicional e humanizada: estudo quase-experimental

ABSTRACT Objective To describe and compare the physiological signs presented by premature infants in traditional and humanized weighing. Method A quasi-experimental crossover study, with a sample of 30 premature infants randomly assigned and allocated to the control group (traditional) and the intervention group (humanized), from March 2019 to March 2020, with the collection of general data, vital signs before and after the procedures. Statistical analyses included description of relative and absolute frequencies, measure of central tendency and dispersion. Results Premature infants showed less increase in heart rate (53.3%) and respiratory rate (43%) in the verification of humanized weighing than in the traditional way, with 83.3% of neonates and 80%, respectively. Conclusion It was observed that the humanized form provided less physiological instability, especially in heart and respiratory rates, making it necessary to encourage discussions about the humanization of care and perform this practice routinely in health units.

RESUMEN Objetivo Describir y comparar los signos fisiológicos que presentan los recién nacidos prematuros en pesaje tradicional y humanizado. Método Estudio cuasi-experimental crossover, con una muestra de 30 prematuros asignados al azar y asignados al grupo control (tradicional) y al grupo intervención (humanizado), desde marzo 2019 hasta marzo 2020, con la recolección de datos generales, signos vitales antes y después de los procedimientos. Los análisis estadísticos incluyeron descripción de frecuencias relativas y absolutas, medida de tendencia central y dispersión. Resultados Los prematuros mostraron menor aumento de la frecuencia cardiaca (53,3%) y respiratoria (43%) en pesaje humanizada que, en la forma tradicional, con un 83,3% de neonatos y un 80%, respectivamente. Conclusión Se observó que la forma humanizada proporcionó menos inestabilidad fisiológica, especialmente en las frecuencias cardíaca y respiratoria, siendo necesario estimular discusiones sobre la humanización del cuidado y realizar esa práctica de forma rutinaria en las unidades de salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever e comparar os sinais fisiológicos apresentados pelos prematuros na pesagem tradicional e humanizada. Método: Estudo quase-experimental crossover, com amostra de 30 prematuros randomicamente assinalados e alocados no grupo controle (tradicional) e no grupo intervenção (humanizada),no período de março de 2019 a março de 2020, com a coleta de dados gerais, sinais vitais antes e depois dos procedimentos. As análises estatísticas incluíram descrição de frequências relativas e absolutas, medida de tendência central e de dispersão. Resultados: Os prematuros apresentaram menos aumento na frequência cardíaca (53,3%) e respiratória (43%) na verificação da pesagem humanizada do que na tradicional, com 83,3% dos neonatos e 80%,respectivamente. Conclusão: Observou-se que a forma humanizada proporcionou menos instabilidade fisiológica, principalmente nas frequências cardíaca e respiratória, tornando-se necessário estimular discussões sobre a humanização da assistência e realizar essa prática de forma rotineira nas unidades de saúde.

Nutritional status of older patients on hemodialysis: Which nutritional markers can best predict clinical outcomes?

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate nutritional status in older patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) to determine the prevalence of nutritional markers indicating protein-energy wasting (PEW) as assessed by subjective global assessment (SGA) and other methods, and to explore which nutritional markers can best predict clinical outcomes. METHODS: The study included 173 patients (median age 69 y; 65% men; 38% diabetes) undergoing MHD for >3 mo. Nutritional markers included SGA, malnutrition-inflammation score (MIS), geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), handgrip strength (HGS), midarm muscle circumference (MAMC), triceps skinfold thickness (SKF), calf circumference, and albumin. Associations between PEW (diagnosed by different measures and thresholds) and risk for hospitalization (by Poisson regression) and all-cause mortality (by Cox proportional hazards model) were analyzed. RESULTS: Depending on methods and thresholds used, the prevalence of nutritional markers indicatingPEW varied from 6.9% to 59.5%. In the Poisson models adjusted for age, sex, dialysis length, and diabetes, low SGA, HGS, albumin, and high MIS score were associated with high hospitalization events, whereas in the bivariate Cox regression models adjusted for the same variables, low SGA, GNRI, BMI, calf circumference, and high MIS score were associated with high hazard ratio (HR) for mortality. In addition, in the multivariate models, SGA showed the strongest association with mortality (HR, 2.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27-4.24) and together with MIS (HR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.20-3.64), the highest values of C-statistics. CONCLUSIONS: Among older MHD patients, the prevalence of nutritional markers indicating PEW varies substantially depending on methods applied. SGA, MIS, BMI, GNRI, calf circumference, and HGS predicted worse outcomes. SGA and MIS showed the strongest association with hospitalization and mortality risk in the adjusted models.

Serum Hepcidin Concentration in Individuals with Sickle Cell Anemia: Basis for the Dietary Recommendation of Iron.

Dietary iron requirements in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) remain unclear. SCD is a neglected hemoglobinopathy characterized by intense erythropoietic activity and anemia. Hepcidin is the hormone mainly responsible for iron homeostasis and intestinal absorption. Intense erythropoietic activity and anemia may reduce hepcidin transcription. By contrast, iron overload and inflammation may induce it. Studies on SCD have not evaluated the role of hepcidin in the presence and absence of iron overload. We aimed to compare serum hepcidin concentrations among individuals with sickle cell anemia, with or without iron overload, and those without the disease. Markers of iron metabolism and erythropoietic activity such as hepcidin, ferritin, and growth differentiation factor 15 were evaluated. Three groups participated in the study: the control group, comprised of individuals without SCD (C); those with the disease but without iron overload (SCDw); and those with the disease and iron overload (SCDio). Results showed that hepcidin concentration was higher in the SCDio > C > SCDw group. These data suggest that the dietary iron intake of the SCDio group should not be reduced as higher hepcidin concentrations may reduce the intestinal absorption of iron.

[Relative validity of dietary indicators from the Brazilian National School-Based Health Survey among adolescents in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]. / Validade relativa de indicadores de práticas alimentares da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar entre adolescentes do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

This study evaluated the relative validity of the dietary indicators from the questionnaire used in the Brazilian National School-Based Health Survey (PeNSE) in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The sample included 174 students. The following indicators were evaluated: regular consumption (≥ 5 times a week) of markers for healthy eating, markers for unhealthy eating, and routine eating habits (having meals with parents or guardians (MEAL), having breakfast (breakfast), and eating while studying or watching TV. The results of the questionnaire were compared with three 24-hour recalls. For all the markers of healthy eating, there was no difference in the proportion of regular consumption when comparing the two methods. The rates detected by the questionnaire were higher for packaged snacks and crackers and lower for cold cuts and MEAL. The indicators for regular consumption of markers for healthy eating and that referring to BREAKFAST were those with the highest accuracy. The dietary indicators used by the PeNSE survey showed satisfactory validity.

Validade relativa de indicadores de práticas alimentares da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar entre adolescentes do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Relative validity of dietary indicators from the Brazilian National School-Based Health Survey among adolescents in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil / Validez relativa de indicadores de prácticas alimentarias en la Investigación Nacional de Salud Escolar entre los adolescentes en Río de Janeiro, Brasil

Avaliou-se a validade relativa dos indicadores de práticas alimentares do questionário utilizado na Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) entre adolescentes da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Foram estudados 174 alunos. Foram avaliados os indicadores: a ingestão regular (≥ 5 vezes/semana) dos alimentos marcadores de alimentação saudável, marcadores de alimentação não saudável e as rotinas alimentares: realizar refeição com responsável (REFEIÇÃO), realizar o desjejum (DESJEJUM) e comer enquanto estuda ou assiste à TV. Foram comparados os resultados do questionário e dos três recordatórios de 24 horas. Para todos os marcadores de alimentação saudável, não houve diferença na proporção de ingestão regular de acordo com os dois métodos. As frequências geradas pelo questionário foram superiores para os indicadores salgadinhos de pacote e biscoitos salgados e mais baixas para embutidos e REFEIÇÃO. Os indicadores de consumo regular de marcadores de alimentação saudável e aquele referente a DESJEJUM foram os que apresentaram maior acurácia. Os indicadores de práticas alimentares utilizados pela PeNSE apresentaram validade satisfatória.

This study evaluated the relative validity of the dietary indicators from the questionnaire used in the Brazilian National School-Based Health Survey (PeNSE) in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The sample included 174 students. The following indicators were evaluated: regular consumption (≥ 5 times a week) of markers for healthy eating, markers for unhealthy eating, and routine eating habits (having meals with parents or guardians (MEAL), having breakfast (breakfast), and eating while studying or watching TV. The results of the questionnaire were compared with three 24-hour recalls. For all the markers of healthy eating, there was no difference in the proportion of regular consumption when comparing the two methods. The rates detected by the questionnaire were higher for packaged snacks and crackers and lower for cold cuts and MEAL. The indicators for regular consumption of markers for healthy eating and that referring to BREAKFAST were those with the highest accuracy. The dietary indicators used by the PeNSE survey showed satisfactory validity.

Se evaluó la validez relativa de los indicadores de prácticas alimentarias del cuestionario utilizado en la Investigación Nacional de Salud Escolar (PeNSE) entre adolescentes en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Se estudiaron a 174 estudiantes. Se evaluaron los indicadores: consumo regular (≥ 5 veces/semana) de los alimentos marcadores de alimentación saludable, marcadores de alimentación no saludable y las rutinas de alimentación (hacer las comidas con los responsables (COMIDA), el desayuno (DESAYUNO) y comer mientras estudian o ven la televisión. Se compararon los resultados del cuestionario y los tres recordatorios de 24 horas. Para todos los marcadores de alimentación saludable no hubo diferencia en la proporción del consumo regular, de acuerdo con ambos métodos. Las frecuencias generadas por el cuestionario fueron más altas para los indicadores snack pack y galletas saladas e inferior en COMIDA. Los indicadores de consumo regular de marcadores de alimentación saludable y que se refieren al DESAYUNO eran aquellos con mayor precisión. Los indicadores de prácticas alimentarias utilizados por la PeNSE mostraron una validación satisfactoria.

[Obesity: main risk factor for systemic arterial hypertension in Brazilian adolescents from a cohort study]. / Obesidade: principal fator de risco para hipertensão arterial sistêmica em adolescentes brasileiros participantes de um estudo de coorte.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence and factors associated with hypertension in adolescents. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 1,716 adolescents of a cohort study, aged from 10 to 16 years old sociodemographic, economic, and lifestyle characteristics were obtained from an interview, and birth weight from hospital records. Hypertension was defined as systolic or diastolic blood pressure above the 95th percentile according to the classification recommended by the Second Task Force High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. Nutritional status was diagnosed by body mass index (BMI), according to the z score from curves published by the World Health Organization. Waist circumference was measured at the natural waist. The association between hypertension and the explanatory variables was measured using logistic regression. RESULTS: The adolescents interviewed represent 71.4% of the baseline, and 50.7% of them were males. The prevalence of hypertension was 11.7%. In the multivariate analysis, after adjustment for age sex and skin color, hypertension was associated with obesity [OR = 2.27, (95%) CI = 1.64 to 3.14] but not associated with waist circumference after adjusting for BMI. Early life factors were not associated with hypertension in adolescence. CONCLUSION: The results show an association between obesity and hypertension among adolescents.

Obesidade: principal fator de risco para hipertensão arterial sistêmica em adolescentes brasileiros participantes de um estudo de coorte / Obesity: main risk factor for systemic arterial hypertension in Brazilian adolescents from a cohort study

OBJETIVO: Identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) em adolescentes de uma coorte. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 1.716 adolescentes, de 10 a 16 anos, participantes de um estudo de coorte. Os dados sociodemográficos, econômicos e de estilo de vida foram obtidos por meio de entrevista e os dados referentes ao nascimento e à infância foram obtidos na linha de base. Foram considerados hipertensos os adolescentes que apresentaram pressão arterial sistólica e/ou diastólica acima do percentil 95, segundo a classificação preconizada pelo Second Task Force High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. O estado nutricional foi diagnosticado pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC), segundo o escore z. O perímetro da cintura foi medido ao nível da cintura natural. A associação da HAS com as variáveis explicativas foi estimada por regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Os entrevistados correspondem a 71,4% dos avaliados na linha de base, sendo 50,7% do sexo masculino. A prevalência global de HAS foi de 11,7%. Na análise ajustada para idade, sexo e cor de pele, a hipertensão arterial associou-se à obesidade [OR = 2,27; IC (95%) = 1,64-3,14], mas não ao perímetro da cintura, que, após ajuste para o IMC, perdeu a associação. Os eventos precoces na vida não foram associados à HAS na adolescência. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados enfatizam a obesidade como principal fator associado à HAS em adolescentes.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence and factors associated with hypertension in adolescents. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 1,716 adolescents of a cohort study, aged from 10 to 16 years old sociodemographic, economic, and lifestyle characteristics were obtained from an interview, and birth weight from hospital records. Hypertension was defined as systolic or diastolic blood pressure above the 95th percentile according to the classification recommended by the Second Task Force High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. Nutritional status was diagnosed by body mass index (BMI), according to the z score from curves published by the World Health Organization. Waist circumference was measured at the natural waist. The association between hypertension and the explanatory variables was measured using logistic regression. RESULTS: The adolescents interviewed represent 71.4% of the baseline, and 50.7% of them were males. The prevalence of hypertension was 11.7%. In the multivariate analysis, after adjustment for age sex and skin color, hypertension was associated with obesity [OR = 2.27, (95%) CI = 1.64 to 3.14] but not associated with waist circumference after adjusting for BMI. Early life factors were not associated with hypertension in adolescence. CONCLUSION: The results show an association between obesity and hypertension among adolescents.

O uso de tecnologias de informação e comunicação na área da Nutrição / The use of information and communication technologies in the field of Nutrition

As tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) apresentam o potencial de melhorar a gestão da informação, o acesso a serviços de saúde, a qualidade do cuidado prestado, a continuidade dos serviços, e a contenção de custos. Além disso, fornecem uma oportunidade singular para a promoção de estilos de vida saudáveis e valorização de iniciativas de políticas de saúde pública, atingindo simultaneamente um grande público. O objetivo do presente estudo foi revisar as experiências do uso das TIC na área da Nutrição, além de refletir sobre seus os impactos e desafios. Verificaram-se um contínuo avanço e difusão do uso das TIC na área de nutrição, as quais são utilizadas como ferramentas de educação em saúde, de registro e de informação em saúde, além de apoiarem a tomada de decisões clínicas por profissionais e de serviços de saúde. Contudo, as limitações no emprego das tecnologias de informação e comunicação em nutrição devem ser levadas em consideração, uma vez que dependem do acesso dos potenciais beneficiários a ferramentas de comunicação, da motivação e aptidão para seu manuseio e dos custos de sua execução.

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have the potential to improve information management, access to health services, quality of care provided, continuity of services, and cost containment. ICT could be considered as new approach that empowers individuals to make healthy choices, reaching a large number of individuals at same time. This paper reviews the experiences of the use of ICT in the field of nutrition, their impacts and challenges. The advance and spreading of the use of ICT in the field of nutrition were observed as tools designed to promote health education and information, to register, as well as to support clinical decision and health services. However some limitations should be considered in the use of information and communication technologies in nutrition. Effective results require consistent and sustained progress in developing infrastructure and in implementing validated and interoperable applications. It also should be mentioned the need of motivation, basic computer skills and the costs investing in ICT.