Fatores obstétricos relevantes na adolescência: uma revisão integrativa no contexto nacional e internacional / Relevant obstetric factors in adolescence: an integrative review in the national and international context

Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, construída a partir de publicações científicas nacionais e internacionais publicadas entre 2008 e 2018, que versassem sobre os fatores obstétricos de risco na gestação de mulheres adolescentes. Os descritores empregados nesta busca foram: "gravidez na adolescência" AND "gravidez de alto risco" AND "cuidado pré-natal". A estratégia de busca convergeu em 202 resultados e após recorte temporal investigativo resultaram 48 publicações. Realizou-se leitura criteriosa dos títulos e resumos quanto aos critérios de elegibilidade, resultando em 19 artigos na íntegra que foram analisados e discutidos. A identificação dos fatores obstétricos agravantes na gestação de adolescentes demostra que existe fragilidade no atendimento a esse grupo. Número de consultas pré-natais inadequadas, baixa escolaridade, desemprego, escassez no uso de métodos contraceptivos e preventivos, foram manifestados na demanda das adolescentes.

This is an integrative literature review, built from national and international scientific publications published between 2008 and 2018, dealing with obstetric risk factors in the pregnancy of adolescent women. The descriptors used in this search were: "Pregnancy in Adolescence" AND "Pregnancy, High-Risk" AND "Prenatal Care". The search strategy found 202 results, and after the cut in the investigative period, a total of 48 publications were selected. A careful reading of the titles and abstracts regarding the eligibility criteria was performed, resulting in 19 articles in total to be analyzed and discussed. The identification of aggravating obstetric factors in the gestation of adolescents shows that there is fragility in caring for this group. The number of inadequate prenatal consultations, low schooling level, unemployment, and the lack of use of contraceptive and preventive methods were manifested in the demand of adolescents.

CO2 Reduction of Hybrid Cu2 O-Cu/Gas Diffusion Layer Electrodes and their Integration in a Cu-based Photoelectrocatalytic Cell.

Cu2 O/gas diffusion layer (GDL) electrodes prepared by electrodeposition were studied for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 . The designed electrode was also tested in solar-light-induced CO2 conversion in combination with a CuO/NtTiO2 photoanode using a compact photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) cell. Both PEC cell electrodes were prepared using non-critical raw materials and low cost, easily scalable procedures. In the PEC experiments, a total carbon faradaic selectivity of about 90 % to formate and about 75 % to acetate was obtained after 24 h of operations without application of potential/current or using sacrificial agents. In electrocatalytic tests of CO2 reduction at -1.5 V, the same electrode yielded high total faradaic selectivity (>95 %) but formed selectively formate (about 80 % selectivity) rather than acetate. The in situ transformation of the Cu2 O/GDL electrode leads to the formation of a hybrid Cu2 O-Cu/GDL system. Cyclic voltammetry data indicate that the potential and the presence of CO2 (not only of HCO3 - species) are both important elements in this transformation. Data also indicate that the surface concentration of CO2 (or of its products of transformation) on the electrode is an important factor to determine performance in the conversion of CO2 .