Supporting Well-Being: Exploring the Value of a Digital Coach for Older Adults in the Transition from Work to Retirement.

Supporting older adults' health and well-being in the transition from work to retirement requires a holistic perspective and needs to address physical, mental, and social aspects of life. In a field study, applying a mixed-methods approach, we investigated to what extent the prototype of a digital coach can support older adults in this sensitive phase. We aim at answering the central research question: How can a digital coach support older adults in the transition from work to retirement to establish and maintain a healthy lifestyle? Overall, 32 participants from Austria and Belgium took part in an eight-week trial. App-based interventions in different domains (physical, mental, social) were provided and aimed at motivating the target group to become and/or stay active. The study shows that the digital coach has potential to support health and well-being on various levels. In particular, the mental activities proofed valuable and supported older adults' well-being.

Digital Biomarkers for Supporting Transitional Care Decisions: Protocol for a Transnational Feasibility Study.

BACKGROUND: Virtual Health and Wellbeing Living Lab Infrastructure is a Horizon 2020 project that aims to harmonize Living Lab procedures and facilitate access to European health and well-being research infrastructures. In this context, this study presents a joint research activity that will be conducted within Virtual Health and Wellbeing Living Lab Infrastructure in the transitional care domain to test and validate the harmonized Living Lab procedures and infrastructures. The collection of data from various sources (information and communications technology and clinical and patient-reported outcome measures) demonstrated the capacity to assess risk and support decisions during care transitions, but there is no harmonized way of combining this information. OBJECTIVE: This study primarily aims to evaluate the feasibility and benefit of collecting multichannel data across Living Labs on the topic of transitional care and to harmonize data processes and collection. In addition, the authors aim to investigate the collection and use of digital biomarkers and explore initial patterns in the data that demonstrate the potential to predict transition outcomes, such as readmissions and adverse events. METHODS: The current research protocol presents a multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study that will consist of three phases, running consecutively in multiple sites: a cocreation phase, a testing and simulation phase, and a transnational pilot phase. The cocreation phase aims to build a common understanding among different sites, investigate the differences in hospitalization discharge management among countries, and the willingness of different stakeholders to use technological solutions in the transitional care process. The testing and simulation phase aims to explore ways of integrating observation of a patient's clinical condition, patient involvement, and discharge education in transitional care. The objective of the simulation phase is to evaluate the feasibility and the barriers faced by health care professionals in assessing transition readiness. RESULTS: The cocreation phase will be completed by April 2022. The testing and simulation phase will begin in September 2022 and will partially overlap with the deployment of the transnational pilot phase that will start in the same month. The data collection of the transnational pilots will be finalized by the end of June 2023. Data processing is expected to be completed by March 2024. The results will consist of guidelines and implementation pathways for large-scale studies and an analysis for identifying initial patterns in the acquired data. CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge acquired through this research will lead to harmonized procedures and data collection for Living Labs that support transitions in care. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/34573.

Cross-cultural differences in user-centred research: An international living lab survey.

Digital health applications and interactive technologies increasingly allow organisations to transcend national boundaries and expand the provision of tools and services to communities across the world. Making the transfer beyond the context in which applications were originally conceptualized is challenging, as these have to be tailored towards local end-user needs and regulations. Such information is not always readily available, which risks successful uptake in novel settings. Living labs help to bridge this gap, by performing user experience research and supporting user-centred design for cross-border projects. Dissimilarities in recruitment and participation of end users could however influence study outcomes. Therefore, this study explores to what extent living labs are aware of potential cross-cultural differences. The sample consists of 36 living labs from 20 countries, most focusing on health and care, the silver economy and information technology. Regional differences are reported on participants' motivation and on the impact of gender, age, professional status and socio-economic status on participants' contribution. Awareness of potential differences during recruitment and grouping and supporting equal contribution in sessions could improve the quality of user-centred research in international contexts, while still maintaining sufficient standardisation. Further research with larger international samples is needed to replicate and extend these findings.

C-H activation of 2,4,6-triphenylphosphinine: synthesis and characterization of the first homoleptic phosphinine-iridium(III) complex fac-[Ir(C

Access to homoleptic phosphinine-based coordination compounds of d(6) metals has so far remained elusive. We report here on the preparation and full characterization of the first homoleptic phosphinine-iridium(III) complex, obtained by C-H activation of 2,4,6-triphenylphosphinine with [Ir(acac)3]. This result opens up new perspectives for the implementation of such aromatic heterocycles in more applied research fields.

Cyclometalation of aryl-substituted phosphinines through C-H-bond activation: a mechanistic investigation.

A series of 2,4,6-triarylphosphinines were prepared and investigated in the base-assisted cyclometalation reaction using [Cp*IrCl2]2 (Cp* = 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) as the metal precursor. Insight in the mechanism of the C-H bond activation of phosphinines as well as in the regioselectivity of the reaction was obtained by time-dependent (31)P{(1)H} NMR spectroscopy. At room temperature, 2,4,6-triarylphosphinines instantaneously open the Ir-dimer and coordinate in an η(1)-fashion to the metal center. Upon heating, a dissociation step towards free ligand and an Ir-acetate species is observed and proven to be a first-order reaction with an activation energy of ΔEA = 56.6 kJ mol(-1) found for 2,4,6-triphenylphosphinine. Electron-donating substituents on the ortho-phenyl groups of the phosphorus heterocycle facilitate the subsequent cyclometalation reaction, indicating an electrophilic C-H activation mechanism. The cyclometalation reaction turned out to be very sensitive to steric effects as even small substituents can have a large effect on the regioselectivity of the reaction. The cyclometalated products were characterized by means of NMR spectroscopy and in several cases by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Based on the observed trends during the mechanistic investigation, a concerted base-assisted metalation-deprotonation (CMD) mechanism, which is electrophilic in nature, is proposed.

2-(2'-Pyridyl)-4,6-diphenylphosphinine versus 2-(2'-pyridyl)-4,6-diphenylpyridine: synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of cationic Rh(III) and Ir(III) complexes based on aromatic phosphorus heterocycles.

The bidentate P,N hybrid ligand 1 allows access for the first time to novel cationic phosphinine-based Rh(III) and Ir(III) complexes, broadening significantly the scope of low-coordinate aromatic phosphorus heterocycles for potential applications. The coordination chemistry of 1 towards Rh(III) and Ir(III) was investigated and compared with the analogous 2,2'-bipyridine derivative, 2-(2'-pyridyl)-4,6-diphenylpyridine (2), which showed significant differences. The molecular structures of [RhCl(Cp*)(1)]Cl and [IrCl(Cp*)(1)]Cl (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) were determined by means of X-ray diffraction and confirm the mononuclear nature of the λ(3) -phosphinine-Rh(III) and Ir(III) complexes. In contrast, a different reactivity and coordination behavior was found for the nitrogen analogue 2, especially towards Rh(III) as a bimetallic ion pair [RhCl(Cp*)(2)](+) [RhCl3 (Cp*)](-) is formed rather than a mononuclear coordination compound. [RhCl(Cp*)(1)]Cl and [IrCl(Cp*)(1)]Cl react with water regio- and diastereoselectively at the external PC double bond, leading exclusively to the anti-addition products [MCl(Cp*)(1H⋅OH)]Cl as confirmed by X-ray crystal-structure determination.

Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes of 2-(2'-pyridyl)-4,6-diphenylphosphinine: synthesis, structure, and reactivity.

The coordination chemistry of the bidentate P,N hybrid ligand 2-(2'-pyridyl)-4,6-diphenylphosphinine (1) towards Pd(II) and Pt(II) has been investigated. The molecular structures of the complexes [PdCl(2)(1)] and [PtCl(2)(1)] were determined by X-ray diffraction, representing the first crystallographically characterized λ(3)-phosphinine-Pd(II) and -Pt(II) complexes. Both complexes reacted with methanol at the P=C double bond at an elevated temperature, leading to the corresponding products [MCl(2)(1H·OCH(3))]. The molecular structure of [PdCl(2)(1H·OCH(3))] was determined crystallographically and revealed that the reaction with methanol proceeds selectively by syn addition and exclusively to one of the P=C double bonds. Strikingly, the reaction of [PdCl(2)(1H·OCH(3))] with the chelating diphosphine DPEphos at room temperature in CH(2)Cl(2) led quantitatively to [PdCl(2)(DPEphos)] and phosphinine 1 by elimination of CH(3)OH and rearomatization of the phosphorus heterocycle.

C-H activation of 2,4,6-triphenylphosphinine: unprecedented formation of cyclometalated [(P

An unprecedented C-H activation of 2,4,6-triphenylphosphinine by Ir(III) and Rh(III) has been observed. Time-dependent (31)P{(1)H} NMR spectroscopy gave insight into the cyclometalation reaction and the corresponding coordination compounds were characterized by means of X-ray crystallography. In contrast, 2,4,6-triphenylpyridine does not show any ortho-metalation, demonstrating a remarkable difference in reactivity between these two structurally related aromatic heterocycles.