RESUMO
ABSTRACT: This study measured milk and solid feed intake in pre- weaning period and feed intake in postweaning period of Nellore calves, and to correlated them with performance traits and ingestive behavior of animals classified as most and least efficient. During pre weaning phase, feed efficiency was evaluated in 51 cow-calf pairs from 21±5 days after calving until weaning. During post-weaning phase, only male calves (n=23) were evaluated. Pre-weaning milk intake of calves was estimated based on cow's milk production. Pre-weaning daily metabolizable energy intake (MEI) of calves was estimated as the sum of MEI from milk and solid diet. There was no difference in ADG between calves with negative and positive pre RFI, with a consequent better feed conversion to more efficient calves. The most efficient calves spent less time at the feed bunk, with a shorter feeding duration and higher rate of intake, compared to the least efficient animals. Correlations between feed intake and metabolic body weight of the animals during pre- and postweaning phases were positive, of medium to high magnitude, and significant, while correlation between ADG values was close to zero. Results suggested that part of the animals ranked based on pre weaning feed intake won't maintain their rank during postweaning phase. In conclusion, calves classified as most efficient during pre-weaning phase have similar weight gain but lower milk intake and MEI than least efficient animals. The estimated pre RFI is weakly correlated with post RFI, showing that RFI is not consistent or repeatable across two periods.
RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo mensurar o consumo de leite e sólidos no período pré-desmama e o consumo alimentar no período pós-desmama, e relacioná-los com características de desempenho e comportamento ingestivo de animais classificados como mais eficientes e menos eficientes. Na fase pré-desmama foram avaliados 51 pares vaca-bezerro da raça Nelore quanto à eficiência alimentar dos 21±5 dias após o parto até a desmama. Na fase pós-desmama, apenas os bezerros machos (n=23) foram avaliados. O consumo de leite dos bezerros na pré-desmama foi estimado pela produção de leite das vacas. O consumo diário de energia metabolizável do bezerro na pré-desmama (CEM), foi estimado pela soma do consumo de energia metabolizável do leite e do consumo diário de energia metabolizável da dieta. Bezerros CARpre negativo não diferiram dos bezerros CARpre positivo quanto ao GMD, resultando em melhor CA dos bezerros mais eficientes. Bezerros mais eficientes ficaram menos tempo no cocho, com menor duração da refeição e com maior taxa de alimentação comparativamente aos animais menos eficientes. As correlações entre o consumo alimentar e peso corporal metabólico dos animais na pré e pós-desmama foram positivas, de média a alta magnitudes e significativas, enquanto que a correlação entre ganho médio diário foi próxima de zero. Os resultados sugerem que parte dos animais classificados pelo consumo alimentar na pré-desmama manterão a classificação na pós-desmama. Na fase pré-desmama bezerros classificados como mais eficientes tem ganho de peso similar, porém com menor consumo de leite e consumo de energia metabolizável do que bezerros menos eficientes. A estimativa do consumo alimentar residual na fase pré-desmama é fracamente relacionada à estimativa do consumo alimentar residual na fase pós-desmama, mostrando que o consumo alimentar residual não é consistente e repetível nos dois períodos.
RESUMO
This study evaluated 53 primiparous cows (36.8±1.23 months old and 484±40.9 kg of body weight) performance tested (GrowSafe® System) from 22±5 to 190±13 days of lactation in order to obtain daily dry matter intake (DMI). The animals received a high-forage diet (forage-to-concentrate ratio of 90:10). Milk production of the cows was evaluated three times by mechanical milking and the energy-corrected milk yield (ECMY) was calculated. Energy status (through the indicators glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and ß-hydroxybutyrate), protein status (indicators albumin, urea, and creatinine), mineral status (indicators calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium), and hormonal status (indicators insulin and cortisol) were estimated four times throughout lactation. The residual feed intake (RFI) of cows was calculated considering DMI, average daily gain (ADG) and mid-test metabolic weight (BW0.75) obtained in early lactation (from 22±5 to 102±7 days), and the animals were classified as negative (most efficient) or positive RFI (least efficient). The RFI model explained 53% of the variation in DMI. The mean DMI, ADG, ECMY, and calf weight as a percentage of cow weight were 12.47±2.70 kg DM/day, 0.632±0.323 kg/day, 10.47±3.23 kg/day, and 36.6±5.39%, respectively. Negative RFI cows consumed 11.5% less DM than positive RFI cows, with performance and metabolic profile being similar to those of positive RFI cows, except for a lower milk protein content and higher blood cholesterol concentration. In conclusion, negative (most efficient) and positive RFI (least efficient) Nellore cows, fed an ad libitum high-forage diet, produced similar amounts of milk, fat and lactose and had similar subcutaneous fat thickness, weight, calf weight as a percentage of cow weight, and blood metabolite concentrations (except for cholesterol). Therefore, there are economic benefits to utilizing RFI in a cow herd since cattle had decreased DMI with similar overall performance, making them more profitable due to lower input costs.