RESUMO
Steroids are highly prevalent structures in small-molecule therapeutics, with the level of oxidation being key to their biological activity and physicochemical properties. These C(sp3 )-rich tetracycles contain many stereocentres, which are important for creating specific vectors and protein binding orientations. Therefore, the ability to hydroxylate steroids with a high degree of regio-, chemo- and stereoselectivity is essential for researchers working in this field. This review will cover three main methods for the hydroxylation of steroidal C(sp3 )-H bonds: biocatalysis, metal-catalysed C-H hydroxylation and organic oxidants, such as dioxiranes and oxaziridines.
Assuntos
Oxidantes , Esteroides , Hidroxilação , Oxirredução , Oxidantes/química , Esteroides/metabolismo , BiocatáliseRESUMO
As part of a program to develop a small molecule inhibitor of LIMK, a series of aminothiazole inhibitors were discovered by high throughput screening. Scaffold hopping and subsequent SAR directed development led to a series of low nanomolar inhibitors of LIMK1 and LIMK2 that also inhibited the direct biomarker p-cofilin in cells and inhibited the invasion of MDA MB-231-luc cells in a matrigel inverse invasion assay.
Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Quinases Lim/antagonistas & inibidores , Tiazóis/síntese química , Tiazóis/farmacologia , Fatores de Despolimerização de Actina/metabolismo , Animais , Biotransformação , Desenho de Fármacos , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala , Humanos , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Invasividade Neoplásica , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
A weak screening hit with suboptimal physicochemical properties was optimized against PFKFB3 kinase using critical structure-guided insights. The resulting compounds demonstrated high selectivity over related PFKFB isoforms and modulation of the target in a cellular context. A selected example demonstrated exposure in animals following oral dosing. Examples from this series may serve as useful probes to understand the emerging biology of this metabolic target.