Focal High Intensity Focused Ultrasound of Unilateral Localized Prostate Cancer: A Prospective Multicentric Hemiablation Study of 111 Patients.

BACKGROUND: Up to a third of patients with localized prostate cancer have unilateral disease that may be suitable for partial treatment with hemiablation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) to achieve local control of the tumor in patients with unilateral localized prostate cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The French Urological Association initiated a prospective IDEAL multi-institutional study (2009-2015), to evaluate HIFU-hemiablation as a primary treatment. INTERVENTION: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and biopsy were used for unilateral cancer diagnosis and control, and HIFU-hemiablation. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Primary: absence of clinically significant cancer (CSC) on control biopsy at 1 yr (CSC: Gleason score ≥ 7 or cancer core length>3mm regardless of grade or > 2 positive cores). Secondary: presence of any cancer on biopsy, biochemical response, radical treatment free survival, adverse events, continence (no pad), erectile function (International Index of Erectile Function-5 ≥ 16), and quality of life (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C28) questionnaires. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: One hundred and eleven patients were treated (mean age: 64.8 yr [standard deviation 6.2]; mean prostate-specific antigen: 6.2 ng/ml [standard deviation 2.6]; 68% low risk, 32% intermediate risk). Of the 101 patients with control biopsy, 96 (95%) and 94 (93%) had no CSC in the treated and contralateral lobes, respectively. Mean prostate-specific antigen at 2 yr was 2.3 ng/ml (standard deviation 1.7). The radical treatment-free survival rate at 2 years was 89% (radical treatments: six radical prostatectomies, three radiotherapies, and two HIFU). Adverse events were Grade 3 in 13%. At 12 mo continence and erectile functions were preserved in 97% and 78%. No significant decrease in quality of life score was observed at 12 mo. One limitation is the number of low-risk patients included in this study. CONCLUSIONS: At 1 yr, HIFU-hemiablation was efficient with 95% absence of clinically significant cancer associated with low morbidity and preservation of quality of life. Radical treatment-free survival rate was 89% at 2 yr. PATIENT SUMMARY: This report shows that high intensity focused ultrasound half-gland treatment of unilateral prostate cancer provides promising results with high cancer control and low morbidity.

Prosbiotate: a multicenter, prospective analysis of infectious complications after prostate biopsy.

PURPOSE: Prostate biopsy side effects have a role in the controversy over screening for prostate cancer. We measured the precise incidence of infection after prostate biopsy and determined risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a prospective, multicenter study in France from April to June 2013. All prostate biopsies done during this period were included in study. A web based questionnaire was used to identify patient characteristics, biopsy methods and postoperative infectious episodes. External audit helped ensure data completeness. The primary outcome was the post-biopsy infection rate. We determined risk factors for infectious complications using univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The study included 2,718 patients, of whom 6% reported receiving antibiotics in the previous 6 months and 7.4% had a history of prostatitis. Recommended antibiotic prophylaxis consisting of 2 fluoroquinolone tablets 2 hours before examination for prostate biopsy was noted in 78.3% of cases. Post-biopsy sepsis was found in 76 subjects (2.8%). On multivariate analysis predictors of post-biopsy sepsis were noncompliance with antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.4-3.9, p = 0.001), antibiotic treatment in the previous 6 months (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1-3.9, p = 0.015) and a history of prostatitis (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2-2.4, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: In this study the incidence of post-prostate biopsy sepsis was 2.8% and no deaths were reported. Risk factors identified on multivariate analysis were noncompliance with antibiotic prophylaxis according to guidelines, antibiotic treatment in the previous 6 months and a history of prostatitis.

[Nested variant urothelial carcinoma: diagnostic difficulties]. / Carcinome urothélial a type de nid: difficultés diagnostiques.

Nested variant urothelial carcinoma is a recently identified variant of urothelial carcinoma which is difficult to diagnose due to its resemblance to other benign bladder lesions, such as hyperplasia of Von Brünn nests. The authors present three clinical cases of this variant of urothelial carcinoma and emphasize the importance of clinical, cytological, histological and immunohistochemical criteria for the diagnosis and the need for early and adapted therapeutic management, as this type of bladder tumour, wrongly considered to be benign up until the early 1990s, is just as invasive as high-grade urothelial carcinoma.

[Solitary fibrous tumour of the kidney and other sites in the urogenital tract: morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics]. / Tumeur fibreuse solitaire du rein et autres localisations à l'appareil urogénital: caractéristiques morphologiques et immunohistochimiques.

Solitary fibrous tumours are spindle cell tumours initially described in the pleura, but which can also occur in a large number of other sites. The authors report a case of solitary fibrous tumour involving the kidney and present a brief review of the main sites currently described in the urogenital tract and the most characteristic elements of the diagnosis based on histological and immunohistochemical examination designed to improve their subsequent recognition within the wide range of spindle cell tumours.

Nosocomial urinary tract infections in urologic patients: assessment of a prospective surveillance program including 10,000 patients.

OBJECTIVE: Hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (HUTI) represent a significant impairment in the quality of health care. Incidence in catheterized patients has been estimated at approximately 20%, however few data are available in urologic patients. We report a prospective surveillance program over 6 years in our urologic department and evaluate its evolution. METHODS: Population consists of all patients admitted to the urology ward for 48 hours or more over a 6-year period from 1994. Data recorded: age, gender, duration of stay, insertion and removal of catheters, diagnosis of HUTI. ANALYSIS: calculation of incidence, and incidence density for HUTI and for catheter-related HUTI, analysis of trends by chi(2) trend test. RESULTS: A total of 10,054 consecutive patients were included, 52% were catheterized. The median incidence of catheter-related HUTI in catheterized patients was 13.0%, the incidence density was 25.1 HUTI/1000 patient-days of catheterization. The proportion of HUTI and specific catheter-related HUTI patients decreased, respectively from 8.4% and 14.2% to 6.5% and 12.3% during the study period (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The rate of HUTI was not as high as previously reported, perhaps due to a controlled catheter policy. Surveillance was associated with a significant decrease in infection rates, suggesting a beneficial feedback effect. Evaluation of diagnoses and surgical procedures would ensure an optimal quality control program.

Assessment of the intrinsic urethral sphincter component function in postprostatectomy urinary incontinence.

Postprostatectomy incontinence remains a disabling condition. Sphincter injury, detrusor instability, and decreased bladder compliance have been previously reported as major factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the urethral sphincter intrinsic component, which may provide passive continence. A urodynamic evaluation was performed in 20 patients undergoing a radical retropubic prostatectomy in the preoperative period and 3 months after surgery. Patients with disabled urinary incontinence underwent a new urodynamic evaluation 6 months later. The urethral pressure profile was measured just before, then 10, 20, and 30 minutes after the injection of 0.5 mg/kg moxisylyte chlorhydrate, an alpha adrenergic blocker. Three different pressure components were defined in urethral sphincter capacity: baseline, adrenergic, and voluntary. A postoperative intrinsic urethral sphincter pressure component was found in 17 patients and its value was under 6 cm H(2)O in five cases of severe incontinence. No significant difference was observed for these patients on urethral profile components 6 months later. In contrast, in cases of significant intrinsic component value, no incontinence was observed in most patients. Passive continence after radical prostatectomy should be a matter of concern and may also explain paradoxical incontinence, despite high voluntary urethral pressure obtained after reeducation. A follow-up evaluation of the intrinsic sphincter component is suggested, by using an alpha receptor blockage test during urodynamic studies in the management of patients with postprostatectomy incontinence.