Effect of Sulfur on the Reduction of Ilmenite by Syngas in Chemical Looping Combustion.

The reactivity of ilmenite as an oxygen carrier (OC) in the presence of H2S was studied. A simulated syngas (66% CO, 34% H2) was used as the fuel. H2S concentrations were set to 4700 and 6580 ppm. The effect of the presence of CO2 was also investigated. The experiments were carried out using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) at atmospheric pressure, with temperatures varying from 1073 to 1223 K. The results showed that the presence of H2S had no effect on the reduction kinetics of ilmenite. With the presence of only CO2 in the syngas, deposition on ilmenite samples was not observed. In the presence of H2S, deposition was observed regardless of the presence of CO2. Higher H2S concentration led to more pronounced deposition. It was shown that deposition only occurred after the ilmenite sample was sufficiently reduced. For ilmenite oxidation, the mass change curves display a distinct peak followed by a valley when the sample was previously reduced in the presence of H2S, indicating reactions between the sulfur deposit and air. The amount of the sulfur deposit could be calculated using the oxidation curves. Scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were conducted to examine the surface of the reduced samples and the results from these analyses confirmed the presence of the sulfur deposit on the surface of the samples that were reduced in H2S-containing atmospheres.

The Role of Masculine Norms and Informal Support on Mental Health in Incarcerated Men.

Mental health problems, in general, and major depression in particular, are prevalent among incarcerated men. It is estimated that 23% of state inmates report experiencing symptoms of major depression. Despite the high rates of depressive symptoms, there is little understanding about the psychosocial factors that are associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms of incarcerated men. One factor relevant to the mental health of incarcerated men is their adherence to traditional masculine norms. We investigated the role of masculine norms and informal support on depressive and anxiety symptoms among 123 incarcerated men. The results revealed that adherence to the masculine norm of emotional control were negatively associated with depressive symptoms while heterosexual presentation and informal support were related to both depressive and anxiety symptoms. High levels of reported informal support moderated the effects of heterosexual presentation on depressive and anxiety symptoms. Public health and clinical implications are discussed.