Miositis por Bartonella henselae: caso clínico en una adolescente / Bartonella henselae myositis: case report in an adolescent

La miositis de origen vírico o bacteriano es frecuente en la edad pediátrica. Causa dolor muscular y debilidad, con fiebre y malestar general. Una causa es la infección por Bartonella henselae, bacteria implicada en la enfermedad por arañazo de gato que, a veces, causa afectación multisistémica. Se presenta el caso de una adolescente que acudió al servicio de urgencias por mialgia intensa, malestar, adelgazamiento y esplenomegalia. En el labortorio se observaron parámetros inflamatorios elevados. Refería contacto con un gato. Entre los estudios realizados, la resonancia magnética (RM) de miembros inferiores mostró una imagen compatible con miositis inflamatoria bilateral. En la RM abdominal, se observaron tres lesiones esplénicas no detectadas previamente y el fondo de ojo mostraba una lesión compatible con oclusión arterial retiniana o vasculitis. Se indicó tratamiento antibiótico por vía intravenosa durante 21 días con cefotaxima y cloxacilina, tras los cuales desaparecieron los signos y síntomas, aunque los reactantes inflamatorios persistieron elevados. Con base en el cuadro clínico (miositis + coriorretinitis + absceso esplénico) se pensó en una posible infección por B. henselae y se inició tratamiento oral con azitromicina y rifampicina durante 14 días. Luego del tratamiento, los valores de laboratorio fueron normales, así como la RM de control, y se constató una IgG positiva para la bacteria

Infectious myositis, whether viral or bacterial, is frequent in pediatric age. It causes muscle pain and weakness, associated with fever and general malaise. One cause is Bartonella henselae, responsible for cat scratch disease, which sometimes causes systemic symptoms. We report the case of an adolescent who came to the emergency room with intense myalgia, malaise, weight loss and splenomegaly. Blood tests showed high inflammatory markers. She had been in touch with a cat. Studies were carried out including: lower limbs MRI suggestive of bilateral inflammatory myositis, abdominal MRI with three previously undetected splenic lesions and dilated fundus examination that showed possible retinal arterial occlusion or vasculitis. After 21 days of intravenous antibiotic therapy (cefotaxime + cloxaciline), she became asymptomatic, but inflammatory markers remained high. Suspecting Bartonella henselaeinfection (myositis + chorioretinitis + splenic abscess), oral azithromycin and rifampicin were prescribed for 14 days. Blood tests and control MRI became normal, and IgG was positive.

[Bartonella henselae myositis: case report in an adolescent]. / Miositis por Bartonella henselae: caso clínico en una adolescente.

Infectious myositis, whether viral or bacterial, is frequent in pediatric age. It causes muscle pain and weakness, associated with fever and general malaise. One cause is Bartonella henselae, responsible for cat scratch disease, which sometimes causes systemic symptoms. We report the case of an adolescent who came to the emergency room with intense myalgia, malaise, weight loss and splenomegaly. Blood tests showed high inflammatory markers. She had been in touch with a cat. Studies were carried out including: lower limbs MRI suggestive of bilateral inflammatory myositis, abdominal MRI with three previously undetected splenic lesions and dilated fundus examination that showed possible retinal arterial occlusion or vasculitis. After 21 days of intravenous antibiotic therapy (cefotaxime + cloxaciline), she became asymptomatic, but inflammatory markers remained high. Suspecting Bartonella henselae infection (myositis + chorioretinitis + splenic abscess), oral azithromycin and rifampicin were prescribed for 14 days. Blood tests and control MRI became normal, and IgG was positive.

La miositis de origen vírico o bacteriano es frecuente en la edad pediátrica. Causa dolor muscular y debilidad, con fiebre y malestar general. Una causa es la infección por Bartonella henselae, bacteria implicada en la enfermedad por arañazo de gato que, a veces, causa afectación multisistémica. Se presenta el caso de una adolescente que acudió al servicio de urgencias por mialgia intensa, malestar, adelgazamiento y esplenomegalia. En el labortorio se observaron parámetros inflamatorios elevados. Refería contacto con un gato. Entre los estudios realizados, la resonancia magnética (RM) de miembros inferiores mostró una imagen compatible con miositis inflamatoria bilateral. En la RM abdominal, se observaron tres lesiones esplénicas no detectadas previamente y el fondo de ojo mostraba una lesión compatible con oclusión arterial retiniana o vasculitis. Se indicó tratamiento antibiótico por vía intravenosa durante 21 días con cefotaxima y cloxacilina, tras los cuales desaparecieron los signos y síntomas, aunque los reactantes inflamatorios persistieron elevados. Con base en el cuadro clínico (miositis + coriorretinitis + absceso esplénico) se pensó en una posible infección por B. henselae y se inició tratamiento oral con azitromicina y rifampicina durante 14 días. Luego del tratamiento, los valores de laboratorio fueron normales, así como la RM de control, y se constató una IgG positiva para la bacteria.

[Therapeutic possibilities in refractory epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis complex]. / Posibilidades terapeuticas en la epilepsia refractaria en el complejo esclerosis tuberosa.

INTRODUCTION: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is frequently accompanied by difficult-to-treat epilepsy, which conditions these patients' quality of life and cognitive level. AIM. To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, as well as the treatment of patients affected by TSC with epilepsy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was carried out of the medical records of 30 patients aged under 18 registered in our database, who had been diagnosed with TSC and epilepsy. RESULTS: The age at onset of epilepsy in the patients with TSC in our series ranged from one month to four years. All of them began with partial crises. Two presented West's syndrome and four others had infantile spasms without hypsarrhythmia. In 19 of the patients, the epilepsy was medication resistant. As regards treatment with antiepileptic drugs, 11 are in monotherapy, 10 in bitherapy, seven in tritherapy and one with four drugs. Two were given ACTH, two carry an implanted vagal nerve stimulator, four receive treatment with everolimus and eight have undergone surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Epilepsy is a very common problem and begins in the early years of life in TSC. There are currently a large number of therapeutic options available, although 63.3% of patients have non-controlled epilepsy and most of them present crises on a daily basis. Poor control of their crises is correlated with mental retardation and autism spectrum disorder. The positive response obtained with other therapeutic possibilities, such as mTOR pathway inhibitors, surgery and vagal nerve stimulator, should be noted.

TITLE: Posibilidades terapeuticas en la epilepsia refractaria en el complejo esclerosis tuberosa.Introduccion. El complejo esclerosis tuberosa (CET) cursa frecuentemente con epilepsia de dificil control, lo que condiciona la calidad de vida y el nivel cognitivo de estos pacientes. Objetivo. Describir las caracteristicas epidemiologicas, clinicas y el tratamiento de los pacientes afectos de CET con epilepsia. Pacientes y metodos. Se han revisado retrospectivamente las historias clinicas de 30 pacientes menores de 18 años, diagnosticados de CET y epilepsia registrados en nuestra base de datos. Resultados. La edad de inicio de la epilepsia en los pacientes con CET en nuestra serie esta comprendida entre el primer mes de vida y los 4 años. Todos comenzaron con crisis parciales. Dos presentaron sindrome de West y cuatro, espasmos infantiles sin hipsarritmia. En 19 de los pacientes, la epilepsia se comporto como farmacorresistente. Respecto al tratamiento con farmacos antiepilepticos, 11 estan en monoterapia, 10 en biterapia, siete en triterapia y uno con cuatro farmacos. Dos recibieron ACTH, dos tienen implantado un estimulador del nervio vago, cuatro reciben tratamiento con everolimus y ocho han sido sometidos a cirugia. Conclusiones. La epilepsia es un problema muy frecuente y de inicio en los primeros años de vida en el CET. Las opciones terapeuticas actuales son muchas, sin embargo el 63,3% de los pacientes tiene una epilepsia no controlada y la mayoria de ellos presenta crisis diarias. El mal control de las crisis se correlaciona con retraso mental y trastorno del espectro autista. Señalar la respuesta positiva obtenida con otras posibilidades terapeuticas: inhibidores de la via mTOR, cirugia y el estimulador del nervio vago.

[Benign childhood epilepsies: academic difficulties and behavioural disorders]. / Epilepsias benignas de la infancia: dificultades académicas y alteraciones comportamentales.

INTRODUCTION: Some papers published in the literature have shown that patients can present behavioural disorders and learning difficulties in benign childhood epilepsies (BCE). AIMS: To review the patients diagnosed with BCE in our hospital and to determine whether they present such disorders. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study consisted in a retrospective review of the medical records of patients diagnosed with BCE. An electroencephalogram (EEG) or video-EEG-polygraph recordings were performed on all patients during sleep. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children was used to evaluate intelligence. RESULTS: Data were collected for 102 patients diagnosed with BCE. Dispersed attention was observed in 51.6% of the patients with rolandic epilepsy and 16.2% displayed an impulsive temperament. In the group of patients with Panayiotopoulos syndrome, 30.3% displayed dispersed attention and 27.3% presented an impulsive temperament. A psychometric evaluation was carried out in 43 patients. The overall mean intelligence quotient was 95 (range: 55-126). In the three groups, academic achievement was good in approximately half the sample, regular in about 30% and poor in around 15%. In the group with rolandic epilepsy, the EEG showed a relation between frontal (p = 0.039) and occipital paroxysms (p = 0.004) and poorer academic achievement. In this group, the children with behaviours classed as dispersed, impulsive or hyperactive showed left-side paroxysms more frequently (p = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS: BCE are conditions with a good prognosis, but seem to be associated to learning and behavioural disorders. Neuropsychological studies should be conducted on these patients to detect these disorders.