What are the benefits of cultivating self-compassion in adults with low back pain? A systematic review.

Introduction: Low back pain is one of the most prevalent public health problems in the world, generating psychosocial impacts on quality of life and a high demand for medical care. Self-compassion may be beneficial for low back pain control, however, studies in the area are scarce. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to investigate the benefits of self-compassion-related interventions on low back pain and mental health in adults. Methods: The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO and the method was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Searches were conducted using the keywords "self-compassion" and "low back pain" in Portuguese, English, and Spanish in the following databases: PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, PePSIC, PsycInfo, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Additional searches were also conducted through the references of the included studies. Results: Thirty-three articles were identified and analyzed by two independent reviewers using Rayyan. Four of these studies were included. RoB 2 was used to assess the risk of bias of each study. The main findings suggest that self-compassion-related interventions demonstrate benefits in the treatment of low back pain, as well as reduction in pain intensity, psychological stress, and improvement of pain acceptance. Discussion: However, these positive data must be analyzed carefully, as only two studies presented a low risk of bias. Despite growing interest in this field, more research self-compassion-related interventions for low back pain are suggested, since biopsychosocial aspects associated with low back pain can impact the outcome of treatment. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier (CRD42022376341).

Association of Emotional Self-Regulation with Psychological Distress and Positive Functioning Dimensions in Brazilian University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Emotional self-regulation is a relevant factor for human development capable of minimizing emotional difficulties in the face of adverse events, as was particularly useful during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aimed to evaluate emotional self-regulation in Brazilian health science university students and its relationship with positive psychology constructs (subjective well-being, hope, optimism, spirituality, self-compassion, and self-efficacy) and psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress). This was a prospective, cross-sectional, observational, analytic study of 1062 Brazilian undergraduate students with data collected using self-administered online questionnaires. Students in the first years of their undergraduate degree programs had significantly higher dysregulation scores than those in the final years. Multiple linear regression yielded a model that explained 71.8% of the variation in emotion dysregulation. The correlations of emotion dysregulation were significant and strong, scoring negatively with self-compassion, optimism, and subjective well-being and positively with psychological distress.

Positive attributes in elderly people with different degrees of depression: a study based on network analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Depression in aging may lead to loss of autonomy and worsening of comorbidities. Understanding how positive attributes contribute to healthier and happier aging has been one of the purposes of Positive Psychology. However, the literature still lacks studies that evaluate how depression in the elderly is related to constructs considered positive. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed comparing scores of constructs of spiritual well-being, social support, self-esteem, life satisfaction, affection, optimism, and hope in the elderly with minimal, mild, moderate, and severe depression and healthy controls in order to investigate possible indirect and mediated relationships between positive constructs and depression. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with elderly, 62 of whom were diagnosed with different severity of Major Depression (DSM-V) (minimum, mild, moderate, and severe according to the Beck Depression Inventory - BDI) and 66 healthy controls matched by age, sex and schooling. The instruments used were adapted and validated versions of the Spirituality Self-Rating Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Medical Outcomes Social Scale of Support, the Life Satisfaction Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Revised Life Orientation Test, and the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale. After comparing the means of scores between groups, an analysis of normalized partial association networks was performed to investigate the direct and mediated relationships between depression and other evaluated constructs. RESULTS: Scores of spiritual well-being, social support, self-esteem, life satisfaction, positive affect, optimism, negative affects, and hope differed significantly between the control group and the degrees of depression (p < 0.001). The analysis of normalized partial association networks has shown that the relations of depression with the constructs of life satisfaction, self-esteem, and social support are mediated, while the constructs of dispositional hope, positive affect, spiritual well-being, and optimism are indirectly related to depression. The social class was also positively related to depression. CONCLUSION: Depression in different degrees is associated with a reduction in the scores of instruments that evaluate positive attributes. The constructs directly associated with depression are spiritual well-being, optimism, positive affect, and dispositional hope. The others had mediated relationship. These results may contribute to the planning of future interventions for the prevention of depression among the elderly.

Positive attributes in elderly people with different degrees of depression: a study based on network analysis

Abstract Introduction Depression in aging may lead to loss of autonomy and worsening of comorbidities. Understanding how positive attributes contribute to healthier and happier aging has been one ofthe purposes of Positive Psychology. However, the literature still lacks studies that evaluate how depression in the elderly is related to constructs considered positive. Objective The present study aimed comparing scores of constructs of spiritual well-being, social support, selfesteem, life satisfaction, affection, optimism, and hope in the elderly with minimal, mild, moderate, and severe depression and healthy controls in order to investigate possible indirect and mediated relationships between positive constructs and depression. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with elderly, 62 of whom were diagnosed with different severity of Major Depression (DSM-V) (minimum, mild, moderate, and severe according to the Beck Depression Inventory - BDI) and 66 healthy controls matched by age, sex and schooling. The instruments used were adapted and validated versions of the Spirituality Self-Rating Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Medical Outcomes Social Scale of Support, the Life Satisfaction Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Revised Life Orientation Test, and the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale. After comparing the means of scores between groups, an analysis of normalized partial association networks was performed to investigate the direct and mediated relationships between depression and other evaluated constructs. Results Scores of spiritual well-being, social support, self-esteem, life satisfaction, positive affect, optimism, negative affects, and hope differed significantly between the control group and the degrees of depression (p < 0.001). The analysis of normalized partial association networks has shown that the relations of depression with the constructs of life satisfaction, self-esteem, and social support are mediated, while the constructs of dispositional hope, positive affect, spiritual well-being, and optimism are indirectly related to depression. The social class was also positively related to depression. Conclusion Depression in different degrees is associated with a reduction in the scores of instruments that evaluate positive attributes. The constructs directly associated with depression are spiritual well-being, optimism, positive affect, and dispositional hope. The others had mediated relationship. These results may contribute to the planning of future interventions for the prevention of depression among the elderly.

Instrumentos psicométricos para avaliação da empatia em crianças e adolescentes: revisão sistemática / Psychometric instruments for the evaluation of empathy in children and adolescents: a systematic review / Instrumentos psicométricos para la evaluación de la empatía en niños y adolescentes: revisión sistemática

Os instrumentos psicológicos auxiliam o psicólogo no processo de avaliação, sendo ferramentas fundamentais para direcionar estratégias interventivas. Entre tantas medidas de avaliação com crianças e adolescentes, a empatia torna-se fundamental para o conhecimento, considerando a capacidade de se colocar em perspectiva em relação às emoções e comportamentos de outra pessoa. Este estudo trata de revisão sistemática, como objetivo de investigar, nas produções científicas das bases de dados BVS/Bireme, Medline e Scielo, instrumentos de avaliação da empatia em crianças e adolescentes. Foram 19 estudos, indicando que os instrumentos avaliados apresentam adequadas propriedades psicométricas para a avaliação da empatia em crianças e adolescentes. No Brasil, poucos estudos foram realizados, sendo que a maioria das pesquisas trata de medidas adaptadas do âmbito internacional.

Psychological instruments help the psychologist with the evaluation process, and are fundamental tools to guide interventional strategies. Among several evaluation procedures targeting children and adolescents, empathy becomes fundamental for the knowledge, considering the ability to put oneself into perspective in relation to another person’s emotions and behaviors. The present study focus on the systematic review, aiming to investigate, in the scientific production in the BVS/Bireme, Medline and Scielo databases, instruments for the evaluation of empathy in children and adolescents. Nineteen (19) studies were carried out indicating that the evaluated instruments hold adequate psychometric properties for the evaluation of empathy in children and adolescents. In Brazil, few studies have been carried out and most researches are adapted from international studies.

Los instrumentos psicológicos ayudan al psicólogo en el proceso de evaluación, siendo herramientas fundamentales para dirigir las estrategias de intervención. Entre muchas medidas de evaluación con niños y adolescentes, la empatía es fundamental, ya que es conocida como la capacidad de ponerse en la perspectiva de las emociones y de los comportamientos de otra persona. Este estudio es una revisión sistemática, con el fin de investigar la producción científica de las bases de datos de la BVS/Bireme, Medline y Scielo, herramientas de evaluación de la empatía en niños y adolescentes. Hubo 19 estudios, lo que indica que los instrumentos evaluados tienen propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para la evaluación de la empatía en los niños y adolescentes. En Brasil, se realizaron pocos estudios, y la mayoría de las investigaciones es una adaptación de las medidas a nivel internacional.

A qualidade de vida dos profissionais da enfermagem que atuam no centro cirúrgico / The quality of life of nursing professionals working in the surgical center

Este artigo tem por objetivo identificar os domínios da qualidade de vida dos profissionais de enfermagem que atuam nos centros cirúrgicos de quatro hospitais do Rio Grande do Sul. Tratase de um estudo transversal realizado a partir de dois questionários: um sócio demográfico e o SF-36 (Medical Outcomes Study 36 ­ Item Short ­ Form Health Survey). Para o tratamento estatístico foram aplicadas frequência, média e desvio padrão em variáveis nominais e o teste t para amostras independentes. A amostra do estudo (125 participantes: 81,6% sexo feminino) correspondeu a 57,33% da população total, destes 48,8% eram do bloco cirúrgico, 30,4% da central de materiais e 20,8% da sala de recuperação anestésica. A média de idade foi de 35,8 anos e a média de atuação na instituição foi de 4,6 anos. Os oito domínios avaliados evidenciaram um escore médio superior a 50, porém, "Estado Geral de Saúde", "Dor" e "Vitalidade" apresentaram os menores escores. O estudo revela aspectos importantes sobre a qualidade de vida dos profissionais da enfermagem, apontando fatores com possibilidades de melhorias nos domínios avaliados.(AU)

This article aims to identify the domains of the nursing professional's quality of life domains that work in the surgical centers of four hospitals in Rio Grande do Sul. It is a cross-sectional study which has been realized as of two questionnaires, one was a socioeconomic and the other one was the SF-36 (Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short - Form Health Survey). For statistics processing, frequency, mean and standard deviation have been applied to nominal variables and T Test for independent samples. The sample of the study (125 participants: 81,6% female gender) have corresponded to 57,33% of the total population, from that total 48,8% are from the surgical center, 30,4% are from the material center, and 20,8% are from the anesthesia recovery room. The average age is of 35,8 years old and the mean of working years in the institution is of 4,6 years. The eight domains which have been evaluated, have obtained average score superior to 50,0, although, "General State of Health", "Pain" and "Vitality" have presented the minor scores. The study discloses important aspects regarding the interference in the professionals' quality of life, pointing out factors with potential for improvement among the evaluated domains.(AU)

Cognitive effects of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with working memory training in fibromyalgia: a randomized clinical trial.

Cognitive dysfunction in fibromyalgia has been reported, especially memory. Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been effective in enhancing this function. We tested the effects of eight sessions of tDCS and cognitive training on immediate and delayed memory, verbal fluency and working memory and its association with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Forty females with fibromyalgia were randomized to receive eight sessions of active or sham tDCS. Anodal stimulation (2 mA) was applied over the DLPFC and online combined with a working memory training (WMT) for 20 minutes. Pre and post-treatment neurocognitive tests were administered. Data analysis on deltas considering years of education and BDNF as covariates, indicated active-tDCS + WMT significantly increased immediate memory indexed by Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test score when compared to sham. This effect was dependent on basal BDNF levels. In addition, the model showed active stimulation increased orthographic and semantic verbal fluency scores (Controlled Oral Word Association Test) and short-term memory (Forward Digit Span). The combination of both techniques seemed to produce effects on specific cognitive functions related to short-term and long-term episodic memory and executive functions, which has clinical relevance for top-down treatment approaches in FM.

Comparison of pain burden and psychological factors in Brazilian women living with HIV and chronic neuropathic or nociceptive pain: An exploratory study.

Psychological factors including pain catastrophizing and resilience associate with adjustment and quality of life in people living with chronic pain. Nevertheless, their presentation among females living with HIV and chronic pain has been poorly studied. Given that chronic pain in those living with HIV might occur due to different mechanisms (nociceptive or neuropathic), we hypothesize that the associated psychological states could also differ between these groups. We aimed to compare pain frequency and interference, psychological factors and sleep quality between females living with chronic nociceptive or neuropathic pain. Also, we explored correlations between psychological factors, pain severity and interference in females living with HIV and chronic pain. We performed a cross sectional study assessing females living with HIV and chronic pain, and compared it with a female HIV-positive, pain-free control sample in Brazil. To discriminate the most likely underlying mechanism for the chronic pain, we applied the Leeds Assessment for Neuropathic Signs and Symptoms (LANSS). Forty-nine females living with HIV and chronic pain were assessed, and divided in control (n = 12), nociceptive (n = 10) and neuropathic pain (n = 27) groups. Using validated scales, their pain catastrophizing, resilience, depression, anxiety and sleep disorders were assessed between May 2014 and August 2015. Compared to controls, females living with HIV and neuropathic chronic pain had higher pain frequency (p<0.001), interference on activities (p = 0.002), interference with emotions (p<0.001), catastrophizing (p<0.001), depression (p = 0.015), and lower resilience (p = 0.011). Catastrophizing was also significantly correlated to the burden of chronic pain. The type of chronic pain in females living with HIV should raise concerns regarding significant burden in psychological states in this population (particularly neuropathic pain). Using scales such as the LANSS to identify the type of choric pain, could be of use to address relevant issues for the patients, and to propose tailored therapies.

Quando a ansiedade vira doença? Como tratar transtornos ansiosos sob a perspectiva cogntivo-comportamental / When turn illness anxiety? How to treat disorders eager under the perspective cogntive-behavioral

As constantes mudanças ocorridas no mundo e as pressões atuais vêm influenciando diretamente a vida das pessoas e desencadeando diferentes emoções negativas, em especial, a ansiedade. Todavia, é preciso considerar que o a ansiedade faz parte da herança biológica das pessoas, tratando-se de uma resposta normal e comum na vida de todos, sendo até mesmo importante para a sobrevivência e adaptação do ser humano. Entretanto, esta reação normal a certas situações pode evoluir para um transtorno mental que vem acometendo constantemente os indivíduos, causando sofrimento psíquico e prejuízos funcionais para a sua vida pessoal e profissional. Dentre os tratamentos psicoterápicos, a Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental tem sido considerada um dos recursos terapêuticos mais indicados e efetivos. O presente artigo trata de uma revisão da literatura sobre as características normais e patológicas da ansiedade, bem como das principais técnicas empregadas no processo interventivo. A Terapia cognitivo-comportamental tem evoluído suas técnicas de intervenção para o tratamento da ansiedade, bem como apresenta efetividade no tratamento.(AU)

The constant changes that are taking place in the world and the current pressures are directly influencing the people's lives, triggering different negative emotions, specially the anxiety. However, the anxiety is a part of the biological inheritance of the people, being a normal and common response in everyone's lives even being important to the survival and adaptation of the human being. However, this normal reaction to certain situations evolved to a mental disease that are constantly affecting the individuals causing psychic suffering and functional losses to their personal and professional lives. This article deals with a review of the literature on the normal and pathological characteristics of anxiety, as well as the main techniques used in the intervention process. Cognitive-behavioral therapy has evolved its intervention techniques for the treatment of anxiety as well as presents effectiveness in treatment.(AU)

Percepções de crianças e adolescentes com e sem doença crônica de pele sobre saúde e envelhecimento / Perceptions of children with and without chronic skin disease on health and aging / Percepción de los niños con y sin crônica de salud y envejecimiento dermatosis

O universo infantil nos últimos anos vem ganhando visibilidade em diferentes campos. O crescente interesse de pesquisadores em conhecer as percepções das crianças acerca de diversos temas as tem destacado em suas pesquisas. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as percepções de crianças, sem e com doença crônica de pele, sobre saúde e envelhecimento. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo. Os participantes foram sete crianças sem doença crônica de pele e sete crianças com doença crônica de pele, onde o primeiro grupo possui vínculo com uma entidade comunitária do município de Gravataí e o outro com um ambulatório de saúde pública na cidade de Porto Alegre. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada. Para análise de conteúdo, foi utilizada a Análise de Bardin e a perspectiva do modelo biopsicossocial. As narrativas das crianças foram classificadas em três categorias a partir da avaliação de três juízes: Envelhecimento e Processo Saúde-doença, Prevenção e Envelhecimento, Relação entre Gerações. Destaca-se que as percepções dos grupos investigados apresentam semelhanças em relação ao envelhecimento, que representa a passagem do tempo. Sobre saúde, os grupos apresentam diferenças a partir de suas próprias experiências. Faz-se necessário o investimento em intervenções que promovam ações intergeracionais para promover a convivência saudável e a solidariedade entre as diferentes gerações. (AU)

The children's universe in recent years has been gaining visibility in different fields. The growing interest of researchers in understanding children's perceptions of various topics has highlighted them in their research. The objective of this study was to investigate the perceptions of children with and with chronic skin disease on health and aging. This is a qualitative study. The participants were 07 children without chronic skin disease and 07 children with chronic skin disease, where the first group had a link with a community entity in the city of Gravataí and the other with a public health clinic in the city of Porto Alegre. For data collection a semi-structured interview script was used. For content analysis, we used the Bardin Analysis and the perspective of the biopsychosocial model. The children's narratives were classified into three categories based on the evaluation of three judges: Aging and Health-Disease Process, Prevention and Aging, Relationship between Generations. It should be emphasized that the perceptions of the investigated groups present similarities in relation to aging, which represents the passage of time. On health, groups present differences from their own experiences. It is necessary to invest in interventions that promote intergenerational actions to promote healthy coexistence and solidarity between different generations. (AU)

El universo infantil en los últimos años ha ido ganando visibilidad en diferentes campos. El creciente interés de los investigadores para conocer las percepciones de los niños sobre los diferentes temas que han destacado en sus investigaciones. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar las percepciones de los niños y la enfermedad crónica de la piel en la salud y el envejecimiento. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo. Los participantes fueron 07 niños sin enfermedad crónica de la piel y 07 niños con enfermedad crónica de la piel, donde el primer grupo tiene vínculos con el municipio de Gravataí una entidad comunitaria y el otro con una clínica de salud pública en la ciudad de Porto Alegre. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó entrevistas semiestructuradas. Para el análisis de contenido se utilizó para el análisis de Bardin y la perspectiva del modelo biopsicosocial. Los relatos de los niños se clasificaron en tres categorías en función de la evaluación de tres jueces: Envejecimiento y Proceso Salud-Enfermedad, la prevención y el envejecimiento, las relaciones intergeneracionales. Es de destacar que las percepciones de los grupos investigados tienen similitudes en relación con el envejecimiento, que representa el paso del tiempo. La salud, los grupos difieren de sus propias experiencias. Es necesaria inversión en las intervenciones para promover actividades intergeneracionales para promover la sana convivencia y la solidaridad entre distintas generaciones. (AU)

Psychosocial factors associated with adherence to treatment and quality of life in people living with HIV/AIDS in Brazil / Fatores psicossociais associados para adesão ao tratamento e qualidade de vida de pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS no Brasil

Objective: The objective of this article was to investigate the biopsychosocial factors that influence adherence to treatment and the quality of life of individuals who have been successfully following the HIV/AIDS treatment. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study carried out with 120 HIV positive participants in the south of Brazil. Among the variables studied, of note are: perceived stress, social support, symptoms of anxiety and depression and quality of life. Results: The results show that a moderate to high adherence to the treatment paired with a strong sense of social support indicate a higher quality of life. Conclusion: The combination of social support and antiretroviral treatment have an impact on physical conditions, improving immune response and quality of life. .

Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo foi investigar os fatores biopsicossociais para adesão e qualidade de vida de pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS bem-sucedidas no tratamento de saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal realizado com 120 participantes portadores de HIV do sul do Brasil. Entre as variáveis estudadas, destacam-se: estresse percebido, suporte social, sintomas de ansiedade e depressão e qualidade de vida. Resultados: Os resultados apontam que a adesão ao tratamento moderada para alta com boa percepção do suporte social indica melhor qualidade de vida. Conclusão: O suporte social e o tratamento antirretroviral têm impacto nas condições físicas, promovendo aumento na resposta imunológica e na qualidade de vida. .

Oficinas educativas sobre HIV/Aids: uma proposta de intervencao para idosos / Educative workshops on HIV/Aids: proposing interventions for elderly

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de uma oficina educativa sobre HIV/aids em um grupo de idosos. A população incluiu 471 indivíduos entre 60 e 91 anos composta principalmente por mulheres (83,1%). Procedeu-se a aplicação e reaplicação de um questionário organizado em cinco domínios, antes e após as oficinas. O teste de McNemar foi utilizado para comparar as respostas pré e pós-oficina (p<0,05) no programa estatístico STATA 12. Dentre os domínios, a maior variação (202,72%) ocorreu no domínio "conceito" sobre a fase assintomática da infecção. No domínio "transmissão", a variação foi de 168,53% para a transmissão do HIV por picada de mosquito. No domínio "prevenção", na questão sobre existência do preservativo feminino, a variação foi de 44%. O domínio "vulnerabilidade" indicou 34,93% na questão da aids relacionada a grupos específicos. No domínio "tratamento", a abordagem da cura para a aids obteve 50,85% de variação. A realização das oficinas demonstrou ser uma intervenção eficaz nos domínios "conceito", "transmissão", "prevenção", "vulnerabilidade" e "tratamento" nos idosos participantes da pesquisa.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of educational workshops instructing about HIV/Aids in a group of elderly. The population included 471 individuals between 60 and 91 years old, mostly women (83.1%). A questionnaire comprising five domains was answered by participants before and after taking the educational workshops. McNemar test was used to assess differences between pre-and post-workshop, through thr software STATA 12 (p<0.05). The greatest variation (202.72%) was observed in the "concept" domain related to the asymptomatic infection phase. Regarding "HIV transmission", the variation was 168.53%. The domain "prevention" had variation of 44% concerning the existence of female condom. The "vulnerability" domain inquired about Aids association in specific groups, and a difference of 34.93% was observed. In the "treatment" domain, when inquiring about Aids cure, 50.85% variation was observed. The educational workshops were effective for the domains "concept", "transmission", "prevention", "vulnerability" and "treatment" in a group of elderly.

Contribuições da psicologia da saúde para a adesão ao tratamento e qualidade de vida de pessoas que vivemcom HIV/AIDS / Contributions of health psychology to the adherence to treatment and quality of life of people living with Hiv/Aids

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as contribuições da Psicologia da Saúde, sob a perspectiva do modelo biopsicossocial, para a adesão ao tratamento e qualidade de vida de pessoas que vivem com HIV/Aids em atendimento na saúde pública brasileira. Desta forma, inicia apresentando a área da Psicologia da Saúde e o modelo biopsicossocial e, posteriormente, discute os princípios da saúde pública e as diretrizes para o fortalecimento da adesão ao tratamento preconizadas pelo Programa Nacional de DST/Aids do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. O presente artigo destaca a importância do modelo biopsicossocial da Psicologia da Saúde e dos princípios da saúde pública para a adesão ao tratamento de pessoas que vivem com HIV/Aids.

This thematic essay has the objective of presenting the contributions of Health Psychology, under the perspective of the biopsychosocial model, to the adherence to treatment and quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS being treated in Brazilian public health facilities. Thus, it starts presenting the Health Psychology area and the biopsychosocial model and after that, discusses public health principles and policies to treatment adherence strengthening proclaimed by the STD/Aids National Program by Brazilian Ministry of Health. Is important the integration the Health Psychology’s biopsychosocial model and of the principles of public health to the adherence to the treatment of people living with HIV/Aids.

Qualidade de vida em mulheres portadoras de HIV/Aids / Quality of life in women living with HIV/Aids

O trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a qualidade de vida em mulheres portadoras de HIV/AIDS, em destaque as relações sociais e a sexualidade. Foram analisados também aspectos sociodemográficos e situação clínica (marcadores biológicos CD4+ e carga viral) de 63 mulheres entre 18 e 65 anos em uso de terapia antirretroviral. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, transversal descritivo analítico. Foram utilizados os instrumentos: ficha de dados sociodemográficos e da situação clínica e WHOQOL-HIV bref. Os resultados mostraram as maiores médias nos domínios espiritualidade/religião/crenças pessoais e relações sociais na avaliação da qualidade de vida. Quanto à situação laboral, as mulheres que trabalhavam apresentaram médias superiores nos domínios psicológico, relações sociais e nível de independência com relação às mulheres que não trabalhavam. Desta forma, ressalta-se a importância de que as ações no contexto de saúde voltada para estas mulheres incluam a atenção para o fortalecimento das suas relações sociais.

The work aims to evaluated quality of life in women living with HIV/Aids, in prominence social relations and sexuality. The study assessed also socio demographic aspects and clinical situation (CD4+ and viral load) of 63 women, from 18 and 65 years old, in use of antiretroviral therapy. This study is quantitative, has cross sectional analytical descriptive character. It was used the instruments: socio demographic data questionnaire, biological markers: rate of CD4 and viral load and WHOQOL-HIV bref. The results show the higher averages in the spirituality/religion/personal beliefs and social relations domains in the evaluation of quality of life. In relation to labor situation the women that worked showed higher averages in the psychological, social relations and independent level domains compared to women that didn't work. In this way, it is standed out the importance that the actions in the context of health directed to these women include attention to reinforcement of their social relations.

Instruments for assessing social phobias in infants and adolescents in the Portuguese language / Instrumentos de avaliação da fobia social para crianças e adolescentes em língua portuguesa

The diagnosis of social phobia is the most prevalent of the anxiety disorders. Some diagnostic evaluation tools have been validated in Brazil targeting more precise and specific evaluations for each age group. The main objective of this study is to review the tools for assessing social phobias in infants and adolescents, currently validated in Brazil. The most commonly used tools and their purpose to evaluate social phobias are discussed, as well as their interventions. With this goal in mind, a bibliographical review was conducted in databases. The existence was observed of a significant number of studies about tools that have already been evaluated for the assessment of social phobias in infants and adolescents, though with little relevance and narrow application in the clinical setting. Psychotherapeutic interventions for social phobias in Brazil show themselves to be structured and systematic, though there has been no widely employed, validated protocol to help the diagnosis.

O diagnóstico de fobia social é o mais prevalente dentre os transtornos de ansiedade. Alguns instrumentos de avaliação diagnóstica vêm sendo validados no Brasil visando a avaliações cada vez mais precisas e específicas para cada faixa etária. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar os instrumentos de avaliação da fobia social para crianças e adolescentes validados no Brasil e fazer uma discussão sobre os mais utilizados, bem como sobre as intervenções para este transtorno. Com este objetivo, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica em bases de dados. Pôde-se observar um número significativo de estudos sobre instrumentos validados para avaliação de fobia social para crianças e adolescentes, porém com pouca expressão e utilização clínica. Em relação à intervenção da fobia social, o Brasil se destaca nas intervenções psicoterapêuticas estruturadas para auxiliar na melhora do transtorno, embora nenhum protocolo desenvolvido e validado no Brasil tenha sido encontrado neste estudo.

Psicologia da saúde e criança hospitalizada / Health psychology and hospitalized child

O presente artigo discute aspectos relacionados à humanização na assistência da criança hospitalizada. Destaca-se a atenção em Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo na qual a criança encontra-se restrita ao leito, sendo necessário que os psicólogos estimulem o desenvolvimento afetivo da criança e da equipe com esta. Também no fortalecimento do sistema imunológico, facilitando a recuperação e a participação ativa da mesma. Entende-se que essa unidade trata do cuidado à vida, no intuito da melhoria da qualidade de vida do paciente e por este motivo, deve buscar uma ação e visão humanizada da assistência neste ambiente. Dessa forma, torna-se fundamental que os profissionais da saúde que atuam em ambiente hospitalar estejam voltados para o ofício do cuidado à saúde, bem como lidar com o processo saúde-doença e nascimento-morte. O cuidado humanizado torna-se então uma prática ainda a ser desenvolvida pela equipe na atenção à saúde da criança e sua família.

This article discuses the issue of humanization in hospitals, more specifically in the treatment of children in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). In that scenario, the child is normally confined to a bed, where the role of the health psychologist could involve both the affectionate stimulation and the training of health care professionals. That could enhance patient's immunologic response, improve quality of life and help reducing recovery time, as the child becomes actively taking part of the healing process. Considering the main purpose of the ICU to take care of the life of the child and consequently improve quality of life, we suggest that health care professionals should consider an integrative approach to health care and prioritize an affectionate relationship with the patient. For this reason, humanized care becomes an important practice which could be developed by health professionals when caring for both child and family.

Qualidade de vida e bem-estar espiritual em pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS / Quality of life and spiritual well being in individuals with HIV/AIDS / Cualidad de vida y bienestar espiritual en personas que viven con VIH/Sida

Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade de vida e bem-estar espiritual em pessoas vivendo com HIV/Aids. A amostra foi constituída de 200 pessoas vivendo com HIV/Aids (111 mulheres e 89 homens), de 19 a 67 anos, 143 sintomáticos e 57 assintomáticos. Do total, 62,5 por cento faziam uso de terapia anti-retroviral. Os resultados apontam para a correlação significativa entre os domínios da qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-HIV bref) e bem-estar espiritual (SWBS). O domínio da qualidade de vida, espiritualidade, religiosidade e crenças pessoais e a subescala bem-estar religioso apresentaram os escores mais altos. Obtiveram-se correlações altamente significativas entre os domínios da qualidade de vida física, relações sociais e espiritualidade, religiosidade e crenças pessoais, e os do bem-estar religioso, bem-estar existencial e bem-estar espiritual no grupo sintomático/Aids. Discute-se a importância das variáveis religiosidade e espiritualidade no processo de resiliência e de proteção à saúde. A importância da inserção dos fatores de proteção à saúde necessita ser destacada nas pesquisas, nas intervenções do psicólogo e no planejamento de políticas públicas de saúde.

Current study evaluates the quality of life and spiritual well-being in HIV/Aids people. Two hundred HIV individuals were taken as samples (111 women and 89 men), aged between 19 to 67 years old, 143 symptomatic/Aids and 57 asymptomatic, 62.5 percent had taken anti-retroviral therapy. Results point to a significant correlation between the quality of life (WHOQOL-HIV bref) and spiritual well being (SWB). The spiritual, religiosity and personal beliefs and the subscale religious well being had the highest scores. Significant correlations were obtained in symptomatic/Aids group between quality of life concerning physical, social relationship and spiritual, religiosity and personal beliefs with the religious well-being, the existential well being and the spiritual well-being. The importance of the variables religiosity and spirituality within the resilience and health protection process was also discussed. Discussing health protection in research, in psychologist's interventions and in health public policies should be enhanced.

Este estudio tuvo el objetivo de evaluar la cualidad de vida y bienestar espiritual de personas viviendo con VIH/SIDA. La muestra fue de 200 pacientes viviendo con VIH/SIDA (111 mujeres y 89 hombres), de 19 a 67 años, 143 sintomáticos y 57 asintomáticos, del total, 62,5 por ciento hacían uso de terapia antirretroviral. Los resultados apuntan hacia la correlación significativa entre los dominios de la cualidad de vida (WHOQOL-HIV bref) y bienestar espiritual (SWBS). El dominio de la cualidad de vida, espiritualidad, religiosidad y creencias personales como la subescala bienestar religioso presentaron los escores más altos. Se obtuvieron correlaciones altamente significativas entre los dominios de cualidad de vida físico, relaciones sociales y espiritualidad, religiosidad y creencias personales con el bienestar religioso, existencial y espiritual del grupo sintomático/SIDA. Se discute la importancia de las variables religiosidad y espiritualidad en el proceso de resiliencia y de protección a la salud. La importancia de la inserción de los factores de protección a la salud necesita ser destacada en las investigaciones, en las intervenciones del psicólogo y en el planeamiento de políticas públicas de salud.

Qualidade de vida e bem-estar espiritual em universitários de Psicologia / Calidad de vida y bienestar espiritual en universitarios de Psicología / Quality of life and spiritual well-being in Psychology students

Essa pesquisa teve o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade de vida e bem-estar espiritual em universitários de Psicologia e investigar se existe correlação entre esses aspectos. O estudo teve delineamento transversal. A amostra foi aleatória de 136 universitários de Psicologia da PUCRS. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: questionário de qualidade de vida WHOQOL-bref e escala de Bem-Estar Espiritual (SWBS). Foi realizada análise estatística descritiva inferencial. Verificou-se que existe correlação positiva entre os domínios físico, psicológico, social e ambiental com o bem-estar existencial nesses universitários. Destacou-se que o domínio psicológico e bem-estar existencial obtiveram a correlação mais alta (r= 0,63 p=0,00). Salienta-se a importância da inserção do tema da espiritualidade como discussão no campo científico.

This research aimed at evaluating quality of life and spiritual well-being in Psychology students, and to investigate correlation among these aspects. The study had a transversal design. The students, allocated, responded instruments of Quality of Life WHOQOL-bref and Scale of spiritual well-being (SWBS) (n=136). Statistic descriptive and inferencial analysis showed positive correlation between physical, psychologic, social, ambiental areas and existencial well-being. The psychological area and existencial well-being obtained highest correlation (r=0,63 p=0,00). It is emphasized the importance of insertion of spirituality themes as discussion in scientific field.

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la calidad de vida y bienestar espiritual en universitarios de Psicología, y analizar si existe correlación entre dichos aspectos. El delineamiento del estudio ha sido transversal y la muestra aleatoria, de 136 universitarios de Psicología de la PUCRS. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: cuestionario de calidad de vida WHOQOL-bref y escala de Bienestar Espiritual (SWBS). Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo inferencial verificándose que existe correlación positiva entre los dominios físico, psicológico, social y ambiental con el bienestar existencial en esos universitarios. El dominio psicológico y bienestar existencial obtuvieron la correlación más alta (r= 0,63 p=0,00). Cabe destacar la importancia de la inserción del tema de la espiritualidad como discusión en el campo científico.