RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors for type 2 diabetes (Type2 DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and its prevalence varies based on region, population, and sex. Newborns of women with MetS have a greater risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. This study explores the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in non-diabetic, pregnant Angolan women and the adverse perinatal outcomes associated with it. METHODS: This cross-sectional study collected the demographic, anthropometric and clinical data of 675 pregnant women in the maternity ward of General Hospital in Huambo, Angola. Metabolic syndrome was defined using four criteria: the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (ATPIII), the Joint Interim Statement (JIS), and definitions by both Bartha et al. and Chatzi et al. RESULTS: The crude prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 36.6 % based on the JIS definition, 29.2 % based on NCEP ATPIII, 12.6 % based on Chatzi et al. and 1.8 % based on Bartha et al. In general, the prevalence of adverse perinatal outcomes was 14.1 %. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome, depending on the criteria used, and thus a great need to harmonize the criteria and cutoff points. Perinatal adverse outcomes were higher in pregnant women with metabolic syndrome.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Malaria during pregnancy remains a serious public health problem. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence and possible risk factors for malaria in pregnant women attending antenatal care at Augusto Ngangula Specialized General Hospital in Luanda, Angola. METHODS: Pregnant women (679 total) who attended antenatal care from April to September 2008 were included in the study after signing informed consent. For each participant, the social-demographic profile and malaria and obstetric histories were investigated via a questionnaire. Diagnosis was made by optic microscopy, and hemoglobin concentration measured. The associations between age, parity, gestational age, residence, schooling, malaria during gravity, anemia and treatment with incidence of Plasmodium falciparum infection were analyzed through logistic regression. RESULTS: During the period of study, 74 (10.9%) out of 679 women were infected by P. falciparum. The average concentration of hemoglobin was 11.1 ± 0.07 g/dL, and there were significant associations between the history of malaria during pregnancy, P. falciparum infection (p<0.01) and anemia at the time of observation (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Previous history of malaria during pregnancy represents a risk factor for current infection and anemia was an important complication associated with malaria, even in women who were treated with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine during pregnancy.
Assuntos
Malária Falciparum/epidemiologia , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Angola/epidemiologia , Antimaláricos/uso terapêutico , Criança , Combinação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Malária Falciparum/diagnóstico , Malária Falciparum/tratamento farmacológico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/tratamento farmacológico , Prevalência , Pirimetamina/uso terapêutico , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Sulfadoxina/uso terapêutico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Malaria during pregnancy remains a serious public health problem. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence and possible risk factors for malaria in pregnant women attending antenatal care at Augusto Ngangula Specialized General Hospital in Luanda, Angola. METHODS: Pregnant women (679 total) who attended antenatal care from April to September 2008 were included in the study after signing informed consent. For each participant, the social-demographic profile and malaria and obstetric histories were investigated via a questionnaire. Diagnosis was made by optic microscopy, and hemoglobin concentration measured. The associations between age, parity, gestational age, residence, schooling, malaria during gravity, anemia and treatment with incidence of Plasmodium falciparum infection were analyzed through logistic regression. RESULTS: During the period of study, 74 (10.9%) out of 679 women were infected by P. falciparum. The average concentration of hemoglobin was 11.1 ± 0.07g/dL, and there were significant associations between the history of malaria during pregnancy, P. falciparum infection (p<0.01) and anemia at the time of observation (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Previous history of malaria during pregnancy represents a risk factor for current infection and anemia was an important complication associated with malaria, even in women who were treated with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine during pregnancy.
INTRODUÇÃO: A malária na gravidez continua a ser um grave problema de saúde pública. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência e possíveis fatores de risco para a malária, em mulheres grávidas que foram atendidas em consultas pré-natal, no Hospital Geral Especializado Augusto Ngangula, em Luanda, Angola. MÉTODOS: De abril a setembro de 2008, 679 mulheres grávidas foram envolvidas no estudo após consentimento informado. O perfil sócio demográfico e história de malária e obstetrícia foram investigados através de um questionário. O diagnóstico foi efetuado por microscopia óptica e determinou-se ainda as concentrações da hemoglobina. Através da regressão logística foi analisada a associação entre a idade, paridade, tempo de gestação, residência, escolaridade, malária durante a gravidez, anemia e tratamento com a infecção por Plasmodium falciparum. RESULTADOS: Setenta e quatro (10,9%) das 679 mulheres estavam infectadas com P. falciparum. O valor médio da concentração da hemoglobina foi de 11,1 ± 0,07g/dL, encontrando-se uma associação significativa entre história de malária na gravidez e infecção por P. falciparum (p<0,01) e anemia no momento da observação (p<0.001). CONCLUSÕES: A história de malária anterior na gravidez foi um fator de risco para uma infecção atual e a anemia uma complicação importante associada à malária, mesmo em mulheres que receberam tratamento durante a gravidez com sulfadoxina-pirimetamina.