Time-use movement behaviors are associated with scores of depression/anxiety among adolescents: A compositional data analysis.

Movement behaviors have been associated with mental health. The purposes of this study were to examine the association between movement behaviors and scores of depression/anxiety among adolescents and to determine the difference in depression/anxiety associated with reallocating time between different movement behaviors. This cross-sectional study included 217 Brazilian adolescents (15 to 18 years old, 49.3% female). Adolescents wore an accelerometer for one week to assess the four-movement behaviors which include sleep, sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The depression/anxiety score was calculated by factor analysis using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Compositional data analyses were used to examine the association between movement behavior and the depression/anxiety score. Compositional isotemporal substitution models estimated the change in depression/anxiety score associated with reallocating 10, 30, and 60 min between movement behaviors. The composition of movement behaviors was significantly associated with depression/anxiety scores (p < 0.05). Replacing time from SB to LPA was associated with improvement in the depression/anxiety score, while the inverse was associated with an increase in this score. Replacing time of LPA with MVPA was associated with worsening in the depression/anxiety score. The 24-h time distribution of the day may play a crucial role in mental health. Compositions with more time spent in LPA at the expense of less SB are associated with improvement in the scores of depression/anxiety. The type of MVPA may moderate its effects on depression/anxiety in adolescents. Holistic interventions including the full range of movement behaviors may be a gateway to reduce the levels of depression/anxiety in adolescence.

Association of Lifestyle and Body Composition on Risk Factors of Cardiometabolic Diseases and Biomarkers in Female Adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Female adolescents are considered a risk group for cardiometabolic disease due to their lifestyle (LS). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between LS classes and body composition groups with cardiometabolic disease risk factors and pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in female adolescents. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out with female adolescents aged 14 to 19 years, from Viçosa-MG, Brazil. Latent class analysis assessed LS classes. Kinanthropometric measurements were taken together with the body fat percentage (BF%), being analyzed by the Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) equipment. Blood pressure and biochemical parameters were analyzed in the Health Division of the Federal University of Viçosa. The pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers were analyzed using Luminex technology. Associations with biomarkers were estimated by multiple linear regression. RESULTS: 405 female adolescents were evaluated. The majority, 82.57%, 72.90%, and 65.31%, were classified as inactive by the number of steps, with high screen and cell phone time, respectively. Furthermore, 41.55% did meet the minimum of 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and 54.69% had high values of BF% (DEXA). The "Sedentary & Inactive LS" class together with the high levels of weight and BF% were associated with increased levels of blood pressure, lipid profile, and uric acid. It was also found that "Inactive & Sedentary LS", high BF%, insulin resistance, and ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein were associated with the concentrations of proinflammatory biomarkers of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and leptin. CONCLUSION: We concluded that female adolescents with overweight/obese and high BF% presented higher values of anthropometric indicators, levels of blood pressure, concentration of uric acid and hs-CRP, and lower concentration of HDL. Inactive and Sedentary lifestyle of these girls, along with excess body fat, insulin resistance, and higher concentrations of hs-CRP were associated with the higher concentration proinflammatory markers.

Sedentary behavior and cardiovascular risk in children: a systematic review / Comportamento sedentário e risco cardiovascular em crianças: uma revisão sistemática / Comportamiento sedentario y riesgo cardiovascular en niños: una revisión sistemática

ABSTRACT In recognition of the increasing time spent in sedentary activities in modern life, an emerging area of study linking sedentary time to health has highlighted its role in the development of chronic diseases. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review was to investigate the indicators and characteristics of sedentary behavior associated with cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents. The databases SciVerse Scopus, MEDLINE®/PubMed and LILACS were selected as a source of reference, using the associated terms "sedentary lifestyle" or "sedentary behavior" or "sedentary" AND "cardiovascular diseases" AND "child or adolescent" to identify studies published from January 2006 to March 2019. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated and a score was assigned. Fifty articles were included in this review at the end. Extensive sedentary time, especially greater screen and TV exposure time, were associated with cardiovascular risk factors. In addition, the accumulation of prolonged sedentary bouts with few breaks in sedentary time tended to compromise the cardiometabolic profile. These findings highlight the importance of differentiating and considering these various indicators and characteristics of sedentary behavior. Further studies are needed to elucidate the multiple and overlapping facets of sedentary behavior and their relationship with health, and to encourage the development of evidence-based recommendations for this population. Level of Evidence I; Systematic Review of Level I Studies.

RESUMO Em reconhecimento ao crescente tempo gasto em atividades sedentárias na vida moderna, uma emergente área de estudo tem relacionado o tempo sedentário à saúde e destacado seu papel no surgimento de doenças crônicas. Assim, o objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi investigar os indicadores e as características do comportamento sedentário associados aos fatores de risco cardiovascular em crianças e adolescentes. As bases de dados SciVerse Scopus, MEDLINE®/PubMed e LILACS foram consultadas utilizando a combinação dos termos "sedentary lifestyle" OR "sedentary behaviour" OR sedentary AND "cardiovascular diseases" AND child or adolescent, para identificar estudos publicados de janeiro de 2006 a março de 2019. A análise da qualidade metodológica dos estudos foi realizada, e um escore foi atribuído. Ao final, 50 artigos foram incluídos nesta revisão. O elevado tempo sedentário e, principalmente, a maior exposição ao tempo de tela e televisão, foram associados a fatores de risco cardiovascular. Além disso, o acúmulo de prolongadas sessões e poucas interrupções no tempo sedentário parecem comprometer o perfil cardiometabólico. Destaca-se a importância em diferenciar e considerar estes diversos indicadores e características do comportamento sedentário. Estudos devem ser conduzidos para compreensão das múltiplas e superpostas facetas do comportamento sedentário e relações com a saúde, favorecendo o desenvolvimento de recomendações baseadas em evidências para essa população. Nível de evidência I; Revisão sistemática de estudos de nível I.

RESUMEN En reconocimiento al creciente tiempo invertido en actividades sedentarias en la vida moderna, una emergente área de estudio ha relacionado el tiempo sedentario a la salud, destacando su papel en el surgimiento de enfermedades crónicas. Así, el objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue investigar los indicadores y las características del comportamiento sedentario asociados a los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en niños y adolescentes. Las bases de datos SciVerse Scopus, MEDLINE®/PUBMED y LILACS fueron consultadas utilizando la combinación de términos "sedentary lifestyle" OR "sedentary behavior" OR sedentary AND "cardiovascular diseases" AND child or adolescent para identificar estudios publicados entre enero de 2006 y marzo de 2019. Se realizó el análisis de la calidad metodológica de los estudios y fue atribuido un puntaje. Al final, 50 artículos fueron incluidos en esta revisión. El elevado tiempo sedentario y, principalmente, la mayor exposición al tiempo de exposición de pantalla y la televisión, fueron asociados a factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Además, la acumulación de prolongadas sesiones y pocas interrupciones en el tiempo sedentario parecen comprometer el perfil cardiometabólico. Se destaca la importancia de diferenciar y considerar estos diversos indicadores y características del comportamiento sedentario. Deben ser conducidos estudios para la comprensión de las múltiples y sobrepuestas facetas del sedentarismo y relaciones con la salud, favoreciendo el desarrollo de recomendaciones basadas en evidencias para esa población. Nivel de Evidencia I; Revisión sistemática de estudios de Nivel I.

Intensidade e sazonalidade da atividade física de crianças durante o recreio escolar / Intensity and seasonality of physical activity of children during school recess

Objetivou-se quantificar a intensidade da atividade física (AF) de crianças durante o recreio escolar (RE), comparar a AF entre os sexos e as influências sazonais. A amostra foi composta por 30 meninas (11,2 ± 1,3 anos) e 20 meninos (11,3 ± 0,8 anos). A frequência cardíaca foi monitorada durante três RE's consecutivos no inverno (INV) e na primavera (PRI) com intensidade da atividade sendo classificada em baixa, moderada e vigorosa. Foi utilizada a estatística descritiva para dados gerais, Teste T para amostras independentes para diferenças entre os sexos, teste T pareado para a sazonalidade. Foram verificadas diferenças entre as temperaturas de INV e PRI. As meninas apresentaram redução significativa da intensidade da AF de INV para PRI, fato não verificado entre os meninos. O RE representou uma pequena contribuição para recomendações diárias de AF.

This study aimed to quantify the intensity of physical activity (PA) of children during school recess (SR), compare PA between genders and seasonal influences. The sample consisted of 30 girls (11.2 ± 1.3 years) and 20 boys (11.3 ± 0.8 years). Heart rate was monitored during three consecutive SR in the winter (WIN) and spring (SPR) with intensity of activity being classified as low, moderate and vigorous. Descriptive statistics for general data, T test for independent samples evaluated gender differences, paired T test for seasonality. Significant differences were found between the temperatures in WIN and SPR. The girls showed a significant reduction in PA from WIN to SPR, which was not observed among boys. The SR represented a small contribution to the daily recommendations of PA.