RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The perception of quality of life about health status is subjective; assessment of the impact includes well-being while eating, speaking, smiling, interacting with others, and feeling good about the esthetic appearance of teeth and mouth. The objective of the present study was to cross-culturally adapt and determine the validity and reliability of the Mexican version of the Iowa Fluoride Study Oral Health for adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 240 Mexican adolescents aged 15 to 19 years. The questionnaire was translated, back-translated, and administered through the Google Forms platform. The cultural adaptation consisted of the evaluation of the grammatical, conceptual, and linguistic equivalences. The evaluation of the utility and acceptability was carried out through an analysis of semantic equivalence. The utility of the questionnaire was also evaluated by analyzing its grammatical readability. Reliability tests, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO), factor analysis, and Pearson's correlation were performed. RESULTS: The mean age of all participants was 16.4±1.4; 65.3% (n=158) were female. Face validity was considered adequate. The wording of the objective and instructions of the questionnaire were improved. The confidentiality assurances were highlighted. The questions were clear, understandable, and pertinent, and they showed adequate syntax. The INFLESZ index corresponds to a "fairly easy" level of readability. In the quantitative validation, the correlation of items was greater than 0.4. The KMO was 0.930 (p=0.001), and Bartlett sphericity was 2466.5 (p=0.001). Through the exploratory factorial analysis, we evaluated the emotional well-being (12 items), social welfare (five items), and oral symptoms (OS) (three items) dimensions. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach's α=0.942). CONCLUSION: The culturally translated and adapted questionnaire is valid and reliable for use in research on Mexican adolescents.
RESUMO
RESUMEN Las representaciones sociales producto de la forma de percibir, interpretar y significar la realidad social a partir del sentido común generan conductas que influyen directamente en la práctica y solicitud de la atención odontológica, bajo la influencia de las condiciones socioeconómicas actuales del país. Los niveles de pobreza se incrementan de manera acelerada, generando mayores desigualdades sociales, con distribución de beneficios económicos polarizados con concentración de los ingresos más altos en unos pocos. Con ello la salud-enfermedad es determinada por los niveles de ingreso, limitando el acceso a los servicios de salud para los grupos sociales más desfavorecidos. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer las representaciones sociales de salud-enfermedad odontológica y su relación con la atención y el acceso a servicios odontológicos y el tipo de atención al que acuden personas con padecimientos estomatológicos y las características de las prácticas odontológicas de quienes les atienden. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo con profesionales y pacientes del ámbito privado en una zona de la Ciudad de México. Los resultados muestran características de concepción y práctica influidas por el modelo médico hegemónico y de descontextualización de los problemas de atención odontológica de los pacientes. Se concluye que las representaciones sociales de profesionales y pacientes se construyen en el contexto de vida donde prevalece la polarización y exclusión social.
ABSTRACT The social representations resulting from the way of perceiving, interpreting and signifying social reality from the common sense, generate behaviors that directly influence the practice and application of dental care, under the influence of the current socioeconomic conditions of the country. Poverty levels increase rapidly, creating greater social inequalities, with a distribution of polarized economic benefi ts with a concentration of higher incomes in a few. With this, health- dental disease is determined by income levels, limiting access to health levels for the most disadvantaged social groups. The objective of this study is to know the social representations of health-dental disease and its relationship with care and access to dental services and the type of care that people with dental conditions access, and the characteristics of the dentistry practice of those who care for them. A qualitative study was carried out with professionals and patients from the private sector in an area of Mexico City. The results show characteristics of conception and practice infl uenced by the hegemonic medical model and decontextualization of the problems of dental care patients. It is concluded that the social representations of professionals and patients are built in the context of life where polarization and social exclusion prevail.