Significance of Multiple Lymphocyte-to-C-Reactive Protein Ratios in Predicting Long-Term Major Cardiovascular Adverse Events in Emergency Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Aim: The high morbidity and mortality associated with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are an urgent concern. This study aimed to investigate the ratio of lymphocyte count to C-reactive protein ratio (LCR) in multiple measurements in the perioperative period, exploring dynamic changes as the best predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in STEMI patients. Methods: We enrolled 205 STEMI patients, conducting blood counts at admission, 24 hours post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and at discharge. Cox proportional risk models evaluated factors independently associated with STEMI prognosis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the De-Long test determined the best predictor. Kaplan-Meier analysis assessed the prognostic value of LCR for STEMI patients. Statistical differences and correlations between LCR at 24 hours post-PCI and cardiovascular disease risk factors were also analyzed. Results: Gensini score (HR, 1.015; 95% CI, 1.007-1.022; P < 0.001), total stent length (HR, 1.015; 95% CI, 1.002-1.029; P=0.025), lipoprotein (a) (HR, 1.001; 95% CI, 1.000-1.002; P=0.043), LCR at admission (HR, 0.995; 95% CI, 0.989-1.000; P=0.002), and LCR at 24 hours post-PCI (HR, 0.587; 95% CI, 0.486-0.708; P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for long-term STEMI prognosis after PCI. LCR at admission (cut-off value, 2.252; 95% CI, 0.040-0.768; P < 0.001) and LCR at 24 hours post-PCI (cut-off value, 2.252; 95% CI, 0.831-0.924; P < 0.001) effectively predicted MACEs occurrence, with the latter exhibiting a superior predictive effect (P<0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with LCR at admission ≤ 50.29 and LCR at 24 hours post-PCI ≤ 2.25 had significantly higher risks of developing MACEs (Log-rank P < 0.0001). Conclusion: LCR at 24 hours post-PCI may be a superior marker for long-term MACE prediction in STEMI patients, serving as the best predictor for distant MACE occurrence.

The value of D-dimer to lymphocyte ratio in predicting clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients: A retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: D-dimer to lymphocyte ratio (DLR) is a novel composite metric. This study investigated the association between DLR and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 683 STEMI cases treated between January 2018 and June 2021 at a single center. DLR was calculated for each patient. Receiver operating characteristic curves assessed the predictive value of in-hospital and long-term MACEs, with calculated AUC. Based on the optimal DLR cutoff value, the population was categorized into groups for clinical characteristic analysis. Multivariate logistic and COX regression analyses determined factors independently associated with MACEs. Kaplan-Meier estimation method and log-rank tests assessed event-free survival among different DLR groups. Spearman's test explored the correlation between DLR and Gensini score. RESULTS: DLR demonstrated an AUC of 0.792 for predicting in-hospital MACEs and 0.708 for long-term MACEs in patients with STEMI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a high DLR (cutoff value, 0.47) independently increased the risk of MACEs during hospitalization in patients with STEMI (P = 0.003; odds ratio: 3.015; 95 % CI: 1.438-6.321). Multivariate COX regression showed that a high DLR (cutoff value, 0.34) independently predicted MACEs during long-term follow-up in patients with STEMI (P = 0.011; hazard ratio: 1.724; 95 % CI: 1.135-2.619). Furthermore, DLR exhibited a positive correlation with the Gensini score (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: DLR is a valuable predictor for MACEs occurrence in patients with STEMI during hospitalization and long-term follow-up after PCI.

Association of Systemic Inflammatory Response Index and Pan-Immune-Inflammation-Value with Long-Term Adverse Cardiovascular Events in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Aim: Reducing the high morbidity and mortality of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and improving patient prognosis remains a major global challenge. This study aimed to explore whether dynamic fluctuations in biomarkers are valuable predictors of prognosis in patients with STEMI. Methods: This study included 216 patients with STEMI. Blood routine tests were performed on admission, 12 h after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and at discharge. Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), and pan-immune-inflammation-value (PIV) serum immune-inflammatory markers were calculated. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the factors independently associated with the prognosis of STEMI. The optimal cutoff values for the inflammatory markers were calculated. Results: Eighty-five (39.35%) of the 216 patients had major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) during the 1-year follow-up. Most were male (81.18%) with a median age of 64 years (interquartile, 55-69.5). Killip class ≥ II on admission (hazard ratio [HR], 1.859; 95% CI, 1.169-2.957; P = 0.009), total stent length (HR, 1.016; 95% CI, 1.003-1.029; P = 0.019), values of SIRI at 12 h after PCI (HR, 1.079; 95% CI, 1.050-1.108; P < 0.001), and the Gensini score (HR, 1.014; 95% CI, 1.007-1.022; P < 0.001) were independently associated with an increased risk of MACEs. Compared with SII, SIRI and PIV calculated at various time points and dynamically fluctuating changes, SIRI (cutoff value, 4.15; 95% CI, 0.701-0.819; P < 0.001) and PIV (cutoff value, 622.71; 95% CI, 0.674-0.796; P < 0.001) at 12 h after PCI showed the best efficacy for the prognosis of STEMI. Conclusion: Our study provides relevant evidence to the notion that SIRI or PIV at 12 h after PCI may be more accurate and economical predictors of long-term adverse prognosis in patients with STEMI.

Temperature Sensor Based on Side-Polished Fiber SPR Device Coated with Polymer.

A highly sensitive temperature sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of a side-polished single mode fiber is demonstrated. The sensor consists of a gold film coated side-polished fiber covered by a layer of UV-curable adhesive. Before introducing the UV-curable adhesive, the gold-coated fiber exhibits refractive index (RI) sensitivity of 1691.6 nm/RIU to 8800 nm/RIU in the range of 1.32 to 1.43. The resonant wavelength of the SPR sensor shifts to 650 nm when the adhesive is coated on the gold film, and is fixed at about 725 nm when the adhesive is cured. Due to the high thermo-optic and thermal expansion coefficient of the adhesive, the sensor structure achieves a temperature sensitivity of -0.978 nm/°C between 25 °C and 100 °C. The proposed optical fiber SPR sensor is simple, highly sensitive and cost effective, which may find potential applications for temperature measurements in the biomedical and environmental industries.

Mechanism and Characteristics of Humidity Sensing with Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Fiber Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor.

A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on a side-polished single mode fiber coated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is demonstrated for relative humidity (RH) sensing. The SPR sensor exhibits a resonant dip in the transmission spectrum in ambient air after PVA film coating, and the resonant wavelength shifts to longer wavelengths as the thickness of the PVA film increases. When RH changes, the resonant dip of the sensor with different film-thicknesses exhibits interesting characteristics for optical spectrum evolution. For sensors with initial wavelengths between 550 nm and 750 nm, the resonant dip shifts to longer wavelengths with increasing RH. The averaged sensitivity increases firstly and then drops, and shows a maximal sensitivity of 1.01 nm/RH%. Once the initial wavelength of the SPR sensor exceeds 850 nm, an inflection point of the resonant wavelength shift can be observed with RH increasing, and the resonant dip shifts to shorter wavelengths for RH values exceeding this point, and sensitivity as high as −4.97 nm/RH% can be obtained in the experiment. The sensor is expected to have potential applications in highly sensitive and cost effective humidity sensing.

Highly sensitive surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on a low-index polymer optical fiber.

A highly sensitive refractive index sensor based on surface plasmon resonance in a side-polished low-index polymer optical fiber is proposed for biosensing. Benefitting from the low refractive index of the fiber core, the sensitivity of the device can reach ~44567 nm/RIU theoretically for aqueous solutions, at the expense of a lowered upper detection limit that is down to ~1.340. The sensor is fabricated by coating 55-nm-thick Au-film on the polished surface of a graded-index perfluorinated polymer optical fiber. Results show that the sensor exhibits a sensitivity of ~22779 nm/RIU at 1.335 with a figure of merit of 61.2. When employed for glucose sensing, the sensor presents an averaged sensitivity of 24.50 nm/wt%, or 0.46 nm/mM. This device is expected to have potential applications in cost-effective bio- and chemical-sensing.

Beat frequency tuning in dual-polarization distributed feedback fiber laser using side polishing technique.

We propose and demonstrate a method for tuning the beat frequency of a dual-polarization distributed feedback (DFB) fiber laser via fiber side polishing. This process can significantly alter the birefringence in DFB fiber lasers. Beat frequency evolutions in DFB fiber lasers were investigated, and the experimental results showed that the beat frequency tuning was dependent on polished thickness, roughness, and direction. The abrasive paper with a grain size of 1.8 µm was adopted to fine-tune the beat frequency. It was found that the beat frequency of DFB fiber lasers shifted toward higher frequencies with increasing polished thickness. However, the beat frequency shifted toward lower frequencies using a secondary side polishing process in the direction orthogonal to the first polished surface. As a result, the beat frequency of the DFB fiber laser was tuned in a wide frequency range from 475.5 MHz to 2080.4 MHz, which corresponds to a birefringence change of 1.2 × 10-5. Side-polished DFB fiber lasers could provide a novel approach to frequency division multiplexing for a large number of fiber laser sensors.

Surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on gold-coated side-polished hexagonal structure photonic crystal fiber.

The refractive index sensing characteristics of the side-polished photonic crystal fiber (PCF) surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor are detailed investigated in this paper. We used the finite element method (FEM) to study the influences of the side-polished depth, air hole size, lattice constant, and the refractive index (RI) of the PCF material on sensing performance. The simulation results show that the side-polished depth, air hole size, lattice pitch have significant influence on the coupling strength between core mode and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), but have little influence on sensitivity; the coupling strength and sensitivity will significant increase with the decrease of RI of the PCF material. The sensitivity of the D-shaped PCF sensor is obtained to be as high as 21700 nm/RIU in the refractive index environment of 1.33-1.34, when the RI of the PCF material is controlled at 1.36. It revealed a new method of making ultra-high sensitivity SPR fiber sensor. Then we experimental demonstrated a SPR refractive sensor based on the side-polished single mode PCF and investigated the sensing performance. The experimental results of the plasmon resonance wavelength sensitivity agree well with the theoretical results. The presented gold-coated D-shaped PCF SPR sensor could be used as a simple, cost-effective, high sensitivity device in bio-chemical detection.