Data center TCP dataset.

In this paper, we would like to introduce a unique dataset that covers thousands of network flow measurements realized through TCP in a data center environment. The TCP protocol is widely used for reliable data transfers and has many different versions. The various versions of TCP are specific in how they deal with link congestion through the congestion control algorithm (CCA). Our dataset represents a unique, comprehensive comparison of the 17 currently used versions of TCP with different CCAs. Each TCP flow was measured precisely 50 times to eliminate the measurement instability. The comparison of the various TCP versions is based on the knowledge of 18 quantitative attributes representing the parameters of a TCP transmission. Our dataset is suitable for testing and comparing different versions of TCP, creating new CCAs based on machine learning models, or creating and testing machine learning models, allowing the identification and optimization of the currently existing versions of TCP.

Laser-Induced Reactions of 4-Aminobenzenthiol Species Adsorbed on Ag, Au, and Cu Plasmonic Structures Followed by SERS Spectroscopy. The Role of Substrate and Excitation Energy - Surface-Complex Photochemistry and Plasmonic Catalysis.

This study focuses on investigating the laser-induced reactions of various surface complexes of 4-aminobenzenethiol on Ag, Au, and Cu surfaces. By utilizing different excitation wavelengths, the distinct behavior of the molecule species on the plasmonic substrates was observed. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to establish the significant role of chemical enhancement mechanisms in determining the observed behavior. The interaction between 4-aminobenzenethiol (4-ABT) molecules and plasmonic surfaces led to the formation of surface complexes with absorption bands red-shifted into the visible and near-infrared regions. Photochemical transformations were induced by excitation wavelengths from these regions, with the nature of the transformations varying based on the excitation wavelength and the plasmonic metal. Resonance with the electronic absorption transitions of these complexes amplifies surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), enabling the detailed examination of ongoing processes. A kinetic study on the Ag surface revealed processes governed by both first- and second-order kinetics, attributed to the dimerization process and transformation processes of individual molecules interacting with photons or plasmons. The behavior of the molecules was found to be primarily determined by the position and variability of the band between 1170 and 1190 cm-1, with the former corresponding to molecules in the monomer state and the latter to dimerized molecules. Notably, laser-induced dimerization occurred most rapidly on the Cu surface, followed by Ag, and least on Au. These findings highlight the influence of plasmonic surfaces on molecular behavior and provide insights into the potential applications of laser-induced reactions for surface analysis and manipulation.

Incorporation of the New anti-Octadecaborane Laser Dyes into Thin Polymer Films: A Temperature-Dependent Photoluminescence and Infrared Spectroscopy Study.

New anti-octadecaborane(22) laser dyes have been recently introduced. However, their application in solid thin films is limited, despite being very desirable for electronics. Spectroscopic methods, photoluminescence (PL), and infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), are here used to reveal structural responses to a temperature change in thin polymer films made of π- and σ-conjugated and non-conjugated polymers and anti-octadecaborane(22) and its tetra-alkylatedderivatives. It has been observed that borane clusters are not firmly fixed within polymer matrices and that their ability for diffusion out of the polymer film is unprecedented, especially at higher temperatures. This ability is related to thermodynamic transitions of polymer macromolecular chains. PL and IRRAS spectra have revealed a clear correlation with ß-transition and α-transition of polymers. The influence of structure and molecular weight of a polymer and the concentration and the substitution type of clusters on mobility of borane clusters within the polymer matrix is demonstrated. A solution is proposed that led to an improvement of the temperature stability of films by 45 °C. The well-known spectroscopic methods have proved to be powerful tools for a non-routine description of the temperature behavior of both borane clusters and polymer matrices.

One-step synthesis of gold nanoparticles for catalysis and SERS applications using selectively dicarboxylated cellulose and hyaluronate.

Properties and applications of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) depend on their characteristics which are intrinsically connected to the reducing and capping agents used in their synthesis. Although polysaccharides are commonly used for Au salt reduction, the control over the result is often limited. Here, the selectively dicarboxylated cellulose (DCC) and hyaluronate (DCH) with adjustable composition and molecular weight are used for the first time as reducing and capping agents for AuNPs preparation in an environmental friendly one-step synthesis. Mechanism of reduction and structure-function relationships between the composition of oxidized polysaccharides and properties of formed AuNPs are elucidated and the variances in the macromolecular architecture of dicarboxypolysaccharides are applied to guide the growth of AuNPs. While the homogenous structure and high density of carboxyl groups of fully-oxidized DCC induced isotropic growth of small and uniform AuNPs with good catalytic performance (d = ~20 nm, TOF = 7.3 min-1, k = 1.47 min-1), the lower stabilizing potential and slower reduction rates of the DCH induced the anisotropic growth of larger polyhedral ~50 nm nanoparticles, which increased the Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering efficacy (9× stronger Raman signals on average compared to AuDCC). The use of dicarboxypolysaccharides with adjustable composition and properties thus introduced a new degree of freedom for the preparation of AuNPs with desired properties.

Application of reverse engineering in the field of pharmaceutical tablets using Raman mapping and chemometrics.

Raman micro-spectroscopy technique offers a combination of relatively high spatial resolution with identification of components or mixtures of components in different sample areas, e.g. on the surface or the cross-section of a sample. This study is focused on the analysis of the tablets from pharmaceutical development with different technological parameters: (1) the manufacturing technology, (2) the particle size of the input API (active pharmaceutical ingredient) and (3) the quantitative composition of the individual excipients. These three mentioned parameters represent the most frequently solved problems in the field of reverse engineering in pharmacy. The investigation aims to distinguish tablets with the above-described technological parameters with limited subjective steps by Raman microscopy. Furthermore, non-subjective methods of Raman data analysis using advanced statistical analysis have been proposed, namely Principal Component Analysis, Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogy and Linear Discriminant Analysis. The methods successfully distinguished and identified even very small differences in the analysed tablets within our study and provided objective statistic evaluation of Raman maps. The information on component and particle size distribution including their small differences, which is the critical parameter in the development of the original and generic products, was obtained due to combination of these methods. Even though each of these chemometric methods evaluates the data set from a different perspective, their mutual application on the problem of Raman maps evaluation confirmed and specified results on level that would be unattainable with the use of only one them.

The Photostability of Novel Boron Hydride Blue Emitters in Solution and Polystyrene Matrix.

In recent work, the boron hydride anti-B18H22 was announced in the literature as a new laser dye, and, along with several of its derivatives, its solutions are capable of delivering blue luminescence with quantum yields of unity. However, as a dopant in solid polymer films, its luminescent efficiencies reduce dramatically. Clarification of underlying detrimental effects is crucial for any application and, thus, this contribution makes the initial steps in the use of these inorganic compounds in electrooptical devices based on organic polymer thin films. The photoluminescence behavior of the highly luminescent boron hydrides, anti-B18H22 and 3,3',4,4'-Et4-anti-B18H18, were therefore investigated. The quantum yields of luminescence and photostabilities of both compounds were studied in different solvents and as polymer-solvent blends. The photophysical properties of both boranes are evaluated and discussed in terms of their solvent-solute interactions using photoluminescence (PL) and NMR spectroscopies. The UV degradability of prepared thin films was studied by fluorimetric measurement. The effect of the surrounding atmosphere, dopant concentration and the molecular structure were assessed.