RESUMO
Vaccines with acceptable efficacy profile against the H1N1 A/California/7/2009 virus are needed for use in children. The two studies presented here evaluated the immunogenicity and the reactogenicity/safety of A/H1N1/2009 vaccines containing either 3.75 µg haemagglutinin antigen (HA) and AS03(A)-adjuvant (3.75 µg HA/AS03(A) study) (N=210 [53, 57 and 100 in the 3-5, 6-9 and 10-17 years age strata, respectively]) or 1.9 µg HA and AS03(B)-adjuvant (1.9 µg HA/AS03(B) study) (N=244 [61, 65 and 118 in the 3-5, 6-9 and 10-17 years age strata, respectively]), given as two-dose series. Although the haemagglutination inhibition antibody titres were higher in the 3.75 µg HA/AS03(A) study, both vaccine dosages were highly immunogenic and exceeded regulatory acceptance criteria after the first and the second doses. Seroprotection rates reached 100% and seroconversion rates ranged from 98.2% to 99.1% after each dose of both vaccine dosages. Geometric mean titres increased from 456.5 to 1538.5 and from 297.9 to 1106.7 between the first and the second doses in the 3.75 µg HA/AS03(A) study and the 1.9 µg HA/AS03(B) study, respectively. Despite an observed slight increase of the reactogenicity following the second dose in the 3.75 µg HA/AS03(A) study, the vaccines safety profiles were considered clinically acceptable. In conclusion, both dosages of the AS03-adjuvanted A/H1N1/2009 pandemic influenza vaccines were highly immunogenic and well-tolerated in children and adolescents.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/imunologia , Vacinas contra Influenza/imunologia , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Criança , Combinação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Alemanha , Humanos , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Vacinas contra Influenza/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pandemias , Polissorbatos , Espanha , Esqualeno/imunologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Vacinação , alfa-Tocoferol/imunologiaRESUMO
Understanding renal function requires one to integrate the structural complexity of kidney nephrons and the dynamic nature of their cellular processes. Multi-photon fluorescence microscopy is a state-of-the-art imaging technique for in vivo analysis of kidney tubules structure and function in real time. This study presents visual evidence for several levels of heterogeneity of proximal tubular endocytic uptake in the superficial renal mouse cortex and illustrates the potential of multi-photon microscopy for providing a comprehensive and dynamic portrayal of renal function.