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5.
In. Roitman, Adriel Jonas. Ética en investigación: Nuevos desafíos, ¿viejos dilemas?. Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Dirección General de Docencia, Investigación y Desarrollo Profesional, jun. 2023. p.9-14.
Monografia em Espanhol | LILACS, InstitutionalDB, BINACIS, UNISALUD | ID: biblio-1437589

RESUMO

Presentación de "Estudio Exploratorio de los Marcos de Gobernanza para la Revisión y Supervisión Ética de la Investigación de COVID-19 en América Latina", trabajo descriptivo para identificar si los países de América Latina adoptaron políticas para acelerar la evaluación ética de las investigaciones, a la vez de que aseguraban los estándares éticos para su realización, durante la pandemia.


Assuntos
Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa/tendências , Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa/ética , Ética em Pesquisa , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Guia de Prática Clínica , América Latina
6.
Lancet Glob Health ; 10(8): e1204-e1208, 2022 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35716677

RESUMO

To strengthen research ethics systemically, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) devised a strategy that includes objectives and indicators to address core components of research ethics systems. We assessed 22 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean using these indicators. Most countries have adopted legal instruments to govern research with human participants and have implemented national bodies tasked with the oversight of research ethics committees. However, performance with regard to ethics training policies and clinical trial registration was less advanced, and efforts to adopt policies on responsible conduct of research and accelerated ethics review of emergency research did not meet the PAHO objectives in most countries. We discuss the pending challenges and provide recommendations aimed at helping countries from Latin America and the Caribbean to achieve the indicators, and, more generally, to strengthen research ethics with a systemic approach.


Assuntos
Ética em Pesquisa , Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde , Região do Caribe , Humanos , América Latina
7.
BMC Med Ethics ; 22(1): 147, 2021 11 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34742278

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Research has been an essential part of the COVID-19 pandemic response, including in Latin American (LA) countries. However, implementing research in emergency settings poses the challenge of producing valuable knowledge rapidly while upholding research ethical standards. Research ethics committees (RECs) therefore must conduct timely and rigorous ethics reviews and oversight of COVID-19 research. In the LA region, there is limited knowledge on how countries have responded to this need. To address this gap, the objective of our project is to explore if LA countries developed policies to streamline ethics review and oversight of research in response to the pandemic while ensuring its adherence to ethical standards, and to analyze to what extent these governance frameworks are in accordance with international guidance. METHODS: We conducted a descriptive and exploratory study assessing the COVID-19 research ethics governance frameworks of 19 LA countries, considering 4 dimensions based on international COVID-19 ethics guidance documents: (i) ethics review organizational model adopted, (ii) measures to coordinate between RECs and other research stakeholders, (iii) operational guidance for RECs, and (iv) key ethical issues for review and oversight of COVID-19 research. RESULTS: 10 out of 19 LA countries have some policy to streamline ethics review of COVID-19 research. Of these countries only 6 issued comprehensive documents following international guidance that contemplate strategies with recommendations for concrete actions for a timely and rigorous review. CONCLUSION: LA countries adopted partial strategies and operational guidance that may demonstrate a lack of a comprehensive view of research ethics for the review and oversight of COVID-19 research. Continuing efforts should be directed to strengthen LA countries' research capacity to respond timely and ethically to future health emergencies. Past lessons and the ones from this pandemic should be the basis to develop international standards and operational guidelines for ethics review and oversight of any research for public health emergencies.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa , Ética em Pesquisa , Humanos , América Latina , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2
8.
Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica ; 38(1): 171-177, 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34190912

RESUMO

COVID-19 has affected the conduct of clinical trials worldwide. Once the health emergency began in Peru, the national government took measures to guarantee the conduct of COVID-19 clinical trials. A national research ethics committee was exclusively established for COVID-19 clinical trials; and a regulatory framework was implemented to ensure the ethical and timely conduct of these studies. To december 31, 2020, the Peruvian National Health Institute authorized 29 clinical trials, of which 4 test vaccines. The mean and standard deviation of time authorization were 19.3 and 10.5 days, respectively. 58.6% (n= 17) were phase II clinical trials and 34.5% (n= 10) were phase III; 31.0% (n= 9) were sponsored by a Peruvian institution. The aim of the actions implemented was to promote COVID-19 research while responding to the health emergency needs without affecting the protection of participants or the rigor of the studies.


La COVID-19 ha afectado la conducción de los ensayos clínicos a nivel mundial. Iniciada la emergencia sanitaria en Perú, el gobierno nacional tomó medidas para promover y garantizar la realización de los ensayos clínicos en COVID-19. Se conformó un comité de ética nacional exclusivo para ensayos clínicos COVID-19 y se implementó una regulación para asegurar la realización ética y oportuna de ensayos clínicos. Hasta el 31 de diciembre del 2020, el Instituto Nacional de Salud autorizó 29 ensayos clínicos, de los cuales cinco evalúan vacunas. El tiempo promedio y desviación estándar de la autorización fue 19,3 y 10,5 días, respectivamente. El 58,6% (n= 17) fueron ensayos clínicos fase II y el 34,5% (n= 10) fueron fase III; el 31,0% (n= 9) tuvo como patrocinador a una institución peruana. La finalidad de las acciones implementadas fue promover la investigación para la COVID-19, respondiendo a las necesidades y tiempos de la emergencia sanitaria, sin afectar la protección de los participantes ni la rigurosidad de los estudios.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa , Humanos , Peru , SARS-CoV-2
9.
Rev Panam Salud Publica ; 45: e33, 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33708248

RESUMO

A considerable number of clinical trials is being conducted globally in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including in low- and middle-income countries such as those in the Latin America and Caribbean region (LAC). Yet, an abundance of studies does not necessarily shorten the path to find safe and efficacious interventions for COVID-19. We analyze the trials for COVID-19 treatment and prevention that are registered from LAC countries in the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and identify a trend towards small repetitive non-rigorous studies that duplicate efforts and drain limited resources without producing meaningful conclusions on the safety and efficacy of the interventions being tested. We further assess the challenges to conducting scientifically sound and socially valuable research in the LAC region in order to inform recommendations to encourage clinical trials that are most likely to produce robust evidence during the pandemic.

10.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 38(1): 171-177, ene-mar 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1280564

RESUMO

RESUMEN La COVID-19 ha afectado la conducción de los ensayos clínicos a nivel mundial. Iniciada la emergencia sanitaria en Perú, el gobierno nacional tomó medidas para promover y garantizar la realización de los ensayos clínicos en COVID-19. Se conformó un comité de ética nacional exclusivo para ensayos clínicos COVID-19 y se implementó una regulación para asegurar la realización ética y oportuna de ensayos clínicos. Hasta el 31 de diciembre del 2020, el Instituto Nacional de Salud autorizó 29 ensayos clínicos, de los cuales cinco evalúan vacunas. El tiempo promedio y desviación estándar de la autorización fue 19,3 y 10,5 días, respectivamente. El 58,6% (n= 17) fueron ensayos clínicos fase II y el 34,5% (n= 10) fueron fase III; el 31,0% (n= 9) tuvo como patrocinador a una institución peruana. La finalidad de las acciones implementadas fue promover la investigación para la COVID-19, respondiendo a las necesidades y tiempos de la emergencia sanitaria, sin afectar la protección de los participantes ni la rigurosidad de los estudios.


ABSTRACT COVID-19 has affected the conduct of clinical trials worldwide. Once the health emergency began in Peru, the national government took measures to guarantee the conduct of COVID-19 clinical trials. A national research ethics committee was exclusively established for COVID-19 clinical trials; and a regulatory framework was implemented to ensure the ethical and timely conduct of these studies. To december 31, 2020, the Peruvian National Health Institute authorized 29 clinical trials, of which 4 test vaccines. The mean and standard deviation of time authorization were 19.3 and 10.5 days, respectively. 58.6% (n= 17) were phase II clinical trials and 34.5% (n= 10) were phase III; 31.0% (n= 9) were sponsored by a Peruvian institution. The aim of the actions implemented was to promote COVID-19 research while responding to the health emergency needs without affecting the protection of participants or the rigor of the studies.


Assuntos
Peru , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Regulamentação Governamental , COVID-19 , Controle Social Formal , Infecções por Coronavirus
11.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 38(1): 171-177, ene-mar 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1280594

RESUMO

RESUMEN La COVID-19 ha afectado la conducción de los ensayos clínicos a nivel mundial. Iniciada la emergencia sanitaria en Perú, el gobierno nacional tomó medidas para promover y garantizar la realización de los ensayos clínicos en COVID-19. Se conformó un comité de ética nacional exclusivo para ensayos clínicos COVID-19 y se implementó una regulación para asegurar la realización ética y oportuna de ensayos clínicos. Hasta el 31 de diciembre del 2020, el Instituto Nacional de Salud autorizó 29 ensayos clínicos, de los cuales cinco evalúan vacunas. El tiempo promedio y desviación estándar de la autorización fue 19,3 y 10,5 días, respectivamente. El 58,6% (n= 17) fueron ensayos clínicos fase II y el 34,5% (n= 10) fueron fase III; el 31,0% (n= 9) tuvo como patrocinador a una institución peruana. La finalidad de las acciones implementadas fue promover la investigación para la COVID-19, respondiendo a las necesidades y tiempos de la emergencia sanitaria, sin afectar la protección de los participantes ni la rigurosidad de los estudios.


ABSTRACT COVID-19 has affected the conduct of clinical trials worldwide. Once the health emergency began in Peru, the national government took measures to guarantee the conduct of COVID-19 clinical trials. A national research ethics committee was exclusively established for COVID-19 clinical trials; and a regulatory framework was implemented to ensure the ethical and timely conduct of these studies. To december 31, 2020, the Peruvian National Health Institute authorized 29 clinical trials, of which 4 test vaccines. The mean and standard deviation of time authorization were 19.3 and 10.5 days, respectively. 58.6% (n= 17) were phase II clinical trials and 34.5% (n= 10) were phase III; 31.0% (n= 9) were sponsored by a Peruvian institution. The aim of the actions implemented was to promote COVID-19 research while responding to the health emergency needs without affecting the protection of participants or the rigor of the studies.


Assuntos
Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Regulamentação Governamental , COVID-19 , Peru , Infecções por Coronavirus
12.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 45: e33, 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1289875

RESUMO

RESUMEN Se está llevando a cabo un número considerable de ensayos clínicos en todo el mundo en respuesta a la pandemia de COVID-19, incluso en países de ingresos bajos y medios como los de América Latina y el Caribe. Sin embargo, la abundancia de estudios no necesariamente acorta el camino para encontrar intervenciones seguras y eficaces frente a la COVID-19. Se analizaron los ensayos para el tratamiento y la prevención de la COVID-19 de los países de América Latina y el Caribe que están registrados en la Plataforma de Registros Internacionales de Ensayos Clínicos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, y se identificó una tendencia hacia la realización de estudios pequeños, repetitivos y no rigurosos que duplican los esfuerzos y merman recursos limitados sin producir conclusiones significativas sobre la seguridad y la eficacia de las intervenciones evaluadas. Se evaluaron asimismo los desafíos que plantea la realización de investigaciones científicamente sólidas y socialmente valiosas en América Latina y el Caribe a fin de brindar recomendaciones que alienten la realización de ensayos clínicos que tengan más probabilidades de producir evidencia sólida durante la pandemia.


ABSTRACT A considerable number of clinical trials is being conducted globally in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including in low- and middle-income countries such as those in the Latin America and Caribbean region (LAC). Yet, an abundance of studies does not necessarily shorten the path to find safe and efficacious interventions for COVID-19. We analyze the trials for COVID-19 treatment and prevention that are registered from LAC countries in the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and identify a trend towards small repetitive non-rigorous studies that duplicate efforts and drain limited resources without producing meaningful conclusions on the safety and efficacy of the interventions being tested. We further assess the challenges to conducting scientifically sound and socially valuable research in the LAC region in order to inform recommendations to encourage clinical trials that are most likely to produce robust evidence during the pandemic.


Assuntos
Humanos , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto/estatística & dados numéricos , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/terapia , Região do Caribe , América Latina
13.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 45: e33, 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1252032

RESUMO

RESUMEN Se está llevando a cabo un número considerable de ensayos clínicos en todo el mundo en respuesta a la pandemia de COVID-19, incluso en países de ingresos bajos y medios como los de América Latina y el Caribe. Sin embargo, la abundancia de estudios no necesariamente acorta el camino para encontrar intervenciones seguras y eficaces frente a la COVID-19. Se analizaron los ensayos para el tratamiento y la prevención de la COVID-19 de los países de América Latina y el Caribe que están registrados en la Plataforma de Registros Internacionales de Ensayos Clínicos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, y se identificó una tendencia hacia la realización de estudios pequeños, repetitivos y no rigurosos que duplican los esfuerzos y merman recursos limitados sin producir conclusiones significativas sobre la seguridad y la eficacia de las intervenciones evaluadas. Se evaluaron asimismo los desafíos que plantea la realización de investigaciones científicamente sólidas y socialmente valiosas en América Latina y el Caribe a fin de brindar recomendaciones que alienten la realización de ensayos clínicos que tengan más probabilidades de producir evidencia sólida durante la pandemia.


ABSTRACT A considerable number of clinical trials is being conducted globally in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including in low- and middle-income countries such as those in the Latin America and Caribbean region (LAC). Yet, an abundance of studies does not necessarily shorten the path to find safe and efficacious interventions for COVID-19. We analyze the trials for COVID-19 treatment and prevention that are registered from LAC countries in the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and identify a trend towards small repetitive non-rigorous studies that duplicate efforts and drain limited resources without producing meaningful conclusions on the safety and efficacy of the interventions being tested. We further assess the challenges to conducting scientifically sound and socially valuable research in the LAC region in order to inform recommendations to encourage clinical trials that are most likely to produce robust evidence during the pandemic.


Assuntos
Humanos , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto/estatística & dados numéricos , Países em Desenvolvimento , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/terapia , Região do Caribe , América Latina
14.
Rev Panam Salud Publica ; 44: e177, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33406166

RESUMO

A considerable number of clinical trials is being conducted globally in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including in low- and middle-income countries such as those in the Latin America and Caribbean region (LAC). Yet, an abundance of studies does not necessarily shorten the path to find safe and efficacious interventions for COVID-19. We analyze the trials for COVID-19 treatment and prevention that are registered from LAC countries in the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and identify a trend towards small repetitive non-rigorous studies that duplicate efforts and drain limited resources without producing meaningful conclusions on the safety and efficacy of the interventions being tested. We further assess the challenges to conducting scientifically sound and socially valuable research in the LAC region in order to inform recommendations to encourage clinical trials that are most likely to produce robust evidence during the pandemic.


Se está llevando a cabo un número considerable de ensayos clínicos en todo el mundo en respuesta a la pandemia de COVID-19, incluso en países de ingresos bajos y medios como los de la región de América Latina y el Caribe. Sin embargo, la abundancia de estudios no necesariamente acorta el camino para encontrar intervenciones seguras y eficaces frente a la COVID-19. Se analizaron los ensayos para el tratamiento y la prevención de la COVID-19 de los países de América Latina y el Caribe que están registrados en la Plataforma de Registros Internacionales de Ensayos Clínicos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, y se identificó una tendencia hacia la realización de estudios pequeños, repetitivos y no rigurosos que duplican los esfuerzos y merman recursos limitados sin producir conclusiones significativas sobre la seguridad y la eficacia de las intervenciones evaluadas. Se evaluaron asimismo los desafíos que plantea la realización de investigaciones científicamente sólidas y socialmente valiosas en la región de América Latina y el Caribe a fin de brindar recomendaciones que alienten la realización de ensayos clínicos que tengan más probabilidades de producir evidencia sólida durante la pandemia.

15.
Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica ; 36(2): 334-340, 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31460649

RESUMO

In November 2017, medical use of cannabis was decriminalized in Peru. The challenges are diverse and this article focuses on those challenges related to the doctor-patient relationship. Given the status quo of medicinal cannabis, the medical treatment protocol to be developed by the Ministry of Health must formulate clear conditions to guide the physicians' decision to prescribe cannabis without affecting their ethical obligations to promote good and cause no harm to their patients. This article develops three important considerations for prescribing medicinal cannabis. First, it recommends the registration and education of physicians who decide to prescribe medicinal cannabis. Secondly, it proposes general criteria specifying the cases in which the use of medicinal cannabis is appropriate and, finally, it establishes the need for a bona-fide doctor-patient relationship for the prescription of medicinal cannabis.


En noviembre de 2017 se despenalizó en el Perú el uso medicinal del cannabis. Los desafíos que ello plantea son diversos y el presente artículo se centra en los relativos a la relación médico-paciente. Dado el status quo del cannabis medicinal, es necesario que el protocolo de tratamiento médico que el Ministerio de Salud debe elaborar, formule condiciones claras que guíen la decisión de los médicos de prescribir cannabis sin que ello afecte sus obligaciones éticas de promover el bien y de no causar daño a sus pacientes. Este artículo desarrolla tres consideraciones importantes para la prescripción de cannabis medicinal. En primer lugar, recomienda el registro y educación de los médicos que deciden prescribir cannabis medicinal. En segundo lugar, propone criterios generales que indican los casos en los que el uso del cannabis medicinal es apropiado, y finalmente, establece la necesidad de que exista una relación médico-paciente bona-fide para la prescripción del cannabis medicinal.


Assuntos
Temas Bioéticos , Maconha Medicinal/administração & dosagem , Relações Médico-Paciente/ética , Padrões de Prática Médica/ética , Tomada de Decisões/ética , Humanos , Peru
16.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 36(2): 334-340, abr.-jun. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1020797

RESUMO

RESUMEN En noviembre de 2017 se despenalizó en el Perú el uso medicinal del cannabis. Los desafíos que ello plantea son diversos y el presente artículo se centra en los relativos a la relación médico-paciente. Dado el status quo del cannabis medicinal, es necesario que el protocolo de tratamiento médico que el Ministerio de Salud debe elaborar, formule condiciones claras que guíen la decisión de los médicos de prescribir cannabis sin que ello afecte sus obligaciones éticas de promover el bien y de no causar daño a sus pacientes. Este artículo desarrolla tres consideraciones importantes para la prescripción de cannabis medicinal. En primer lugar, recomienda el registro y educación de los médicos que deciden prescribir cannabis medicinal. En segundo lugar, propone criterios generales que indican los casos en los que el uso del cannabis medicinal es apropiado, y finalmente, establece la necesidad de que exista una relación médico-paciente bona-fide para la prescripción del cannabis medicinal.


ABSTRACT In November 2017, medical use of cannabis was decriminalized in Peru. The challenges are diverse and this article focuses on those challenges related to the doctor-patient relationship. Given the status quo of medicinal cannabis, the medical treatment protocol to be developed by the Ministry of Health must formulate clear conditions to guide the physicians' decision to prescribe cannabis without affecting their ethical obligations to promote good and cause no harm to their patients. This article develops three important considerations for prescribing medicinal cannabis. First, it recommends the registration and education of physicians who decide to prescribe medicinal cannabis. Secondly, it proposes general criteria specifying the cases in which the use of medicinal cannabis is appropriate and, finally, it establishes the need for a bona-fide doctor-patient relationship for the prescription of medicinal cannabis.


Assuntos
Humanos , Relações Médico-Paciente/ética , Padrões de Prática Médica/ética , Temas Bioéticos , Maconha Medicinal/administração & dosagem , Peru , Tomada de Decisões/ética
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