Eccentric, but not concentric muscle contraction induce inflammation and impairs fibrinolysis in healthy young men.

Different types of muscle contraction can cause different damage to the musculature and differences in inflammatory responses. Acute increases in circulatory inflammation markers can influence the crosstalk between coagulation and fibrinolysis processes, increasing the risk of thrombus formation and detrimental cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of concentric and eccentric exercise on hemostasis markers, C-reactive protein (CRP), and the relationship between these variables. Eleven healthy subjects with a mean age of 25.4 ± 2.8, non-smokers, with no history of cardiovascular disease and blood type O, randomly performed an isokinetic exercise protocol consisting of 75 concentric (CP) or eccentric (EP) contractions of knee extension, divided into five sets of 15 repetitions combined with 30-s rest. Blood samples for analysis of FVIII, von Willebrand factor, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), and CRP were collected pre, post, 24 h, and 48 h after each protocol. Increased levels of CRP at 48 h in EP versus CP (p = 0.002), increased PAI-1 activity 48 h in EP versus CP (p = 0.044), and a reduction in t-PA at 48 h when compared with post-protocol in both protocols (p = 0.001). A correlation was found between CRP and PAI-1 at 48 h of PE (r2 = 0.69; p = 0.02). This study showed that both EP and CP increase the clotting process, albeit only the exercise performed eccentrically induces inhibition of fibrinolysis. This is possibly due to the increase in PAI-1 48 h after the protocol, which correlates with the increase in inflammation as demonstrated by the CRP levels.

Traumatic brain injury hospital incidence in Brazil: an analysis of the past 10 years. / Incidência hospitalar de traumatismo craniencefálico no Brasil: uma análise dos últimos 10 anos.

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar os aspectos demográficos e sociais e o ônus econômico do traumatismo craniencefálico no sistema público de saúde brasileiro na última década. MÉTODOS: Analisaram-se os dados provenientes da base de dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde referentes ao período entre janeiro de 2008 e dezembro de 2019. RESULTADOS: Entre 2008 e 2019 ocorreram, em média, no Brasil, 131.014,83 internações por traumatismo craniencefálico ao ano, com incidência de 65,54 por 100 mil habitantes. Deve-se salientar a elevada incidência de traumatismo craniencefálico em adultos idosos (acima de 70 anos), acompanhada de altas taxas de mortalidade. Além disso, há também elevada incidência de traumatismo craniencefálico em adultos jovens (20 a 29 anos e 30 a 39 anos). Os dados aqui apresentados demonstram uma proporção de traumatismos craniencefálicos de 3,6 homens/mulheres. CONCLUSÃO: Embora se acredite que os dados apresentados subestimem a incidência e mortalidade associadas com o traumatismo craniencefálico no Brasil, este estudo pode ajudar na implantação de futuras estratégias de promoção da saúde para a população brasileira e mundial, com o objetivo de diminuir a incidência, a mortalidade e os custos do traumatismo craniencefálico.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the demographic, social, and economic burden of traumatic brain injury on the public health system in Brazil during the past decade. METHODS: Data from the database of the Information Technology Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) from January 2008 to December 2019 were analyzed. RESULTS: There was a mean of 131,014.83 hospital admissions per year due to traumatic brain injury in Brazil from 2008 - 2019. The incidence was 65.54 per 100.000 inhabitants during the same period. The high incidence of traumatic brain injury in older adults (>70 years old) accompanied by high mortality rates should be noted. In addition, there was a high incidence of traumatic brain injury in younger adults (20 to 29 years and 30 to 39 years). The data presented here demonstrates a 3.6 male-to-female ratio of traumatic brain injury incidence. CONCLUSION: Although we believe that the present data underestimate the incidence and mortality related to traumatic brain injury in Brazil, this study could assist in implementation of future health promotion strategies in the Brazilian population and worldwide aiming to reduce the incidence, mortality and costs of traumatic brain injury.

Incidência hospitalar de traumatismo craniencefálico no Brasil: uma análise dos últimos 10 anos / Traumatic brain injury hospital incidence in Brazil: an analysis of the past 10 years

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize the demographic, social, and economic burden of traumatic brain injury on the public health system in Brazil during the past decade. Methods: Data from the database of the Information Technology Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) from January 2008 to December 2019 were analyzed. Results: There was a mean of 131,014.83 hospital admissions per year due to traumatic brain injury in Brazil from 2008 - 2019. The incidence was 65.54 per 100.000 inhabitants during the same period. The high incidence of traumatic brain injury in older adults (>70 years old) accompanied by high mortality rates should be noted. In addition, there was a high incidence of traumatic brain injury in younger adults (20 to 29 years and 30 to 39 years). The data presented here demonstrates a 3.6 male-to-female ratio of traumatic brain injury incidence. Conclusion: Although we believe that the present data underestimate the incidence and mortality related to traumatic brain injury in Brazil, this study could assist in implementation of future health promotion strategies in the Brazilian population and worldwide aiming to reduce the incidence, mortality and costs of traumatic brain injury.

Abstract Objetivo: Caracterizar os aspectos demográficos e sociais e o ônus econômico do traumatismo craniencefálico no sistema público de saúde brasileiro na última década. Métodos: Analisaram-se os dados provenientes da base de dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde referentes ao período entre janeiro de 2008 e dezembro de 2019. Resultados: Entre 2008 e 2019 ocorreram, em média, no Brasil, 131.014,83 internações por traumatismo craniencefálico ao ano, com incidência de 65,54 por 100 mil habitantes. Deve-se salientar a elevada incidência de traumatismo craniencefálico em adultos idosos (acima de 70 anos), acompanhada de altas taxas de mortalidade. Além disso, há também elevada incidência de traumatismo craniencefálico em adultos jovens (20 a 29 anos e 30 a 39 anos). Os dados aqui apresentados demonstram uma proporção de traumatismos craniencefálicos de 3,6 homens/mulheres. Conclusão: Embora se acredite que os dados apresentados subestimem a incidência e mortalidade associadas com o traumatismo craniencefálico no Brasil, este estudo pode ajudar na implantação de futuras estratégias de promoção da saúde para a população brasileira e mundial, com o objetivo de diminuir a incidência, a mortalidade e os custos do traumatismo craniencefálico.