Beyond the Centrality of Shame: How Self-Concealment and Fear of Receiving Compassion From Others Impact Psychological Suffering in Transgender Adults.

Shame-based social interactions are a minority social stressor commonly experienced by transgender individuals. However, few studies have explored the centrality of shame experiences in transgender identity and mental health. Also, the ability to receive care and soothing support may be influenced by intrapersonal shame- and fear-related factors, which may hinder openness, and support and care seeking, thus contributing to psychological distress. This study aims to examine the relationship between central shame experiences, fear of receiving compassion from others, self-concealment, and psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms) in a sample of Portuguese transgender adults. Following a cross-sectional design, data from a convenience sample of 70 self-identified transgender individuals undergoing gender-affirming medical interventions (GAMIs) were analyzed, using SPSS PROCESS, to determine whether the relationship between central shame experiences and psychological suffering occurred indirectly through fear of receiving compassion from others, and self-concealment. Results suggest that fear of receiving compassion from others, but not self-concealment, was the underlying factor between central shame experiences, and depression and anxiety. Results suggest that the centrality of shame experiences and stress symptomatology associate sequentially through fear of compassion and, in turn, through self-concealment. Clinical implications for mental health interventions with transgender individuals undergoing GAMI are discussed.

The Protective Role of Self-Compassion in the Relationship between Perfectionism and Burnout in Portuguese Medicine and Dentistry Students.

Recent studies have documented the high prevalence of burnout among medicine and dentistry students, with potentially catastrophic consequences for both students and patients. Both environmental and personality factors play a part in burnout; perfectionism, a common trait in medicine students' personalities, has been linked to psychological distress and increasing students' vulnerability to burnout. Self-compassion, i.e., treating oneself kindly through hardship, has recently emerged as a buffer between perfectionism and psychological distress. While using a novel three-factor conceptualization of perfectionism (BIG3), this study aims to analyze if self-compassion has a protective role in the relationship between perfectionism and burnout, in a sample of medicine and dentistry students, through mediation analysis. We found that self-compassion significantly mediated the relationship between all three forms of perfectionism and burnout: as a partial mediator in self-critical and rigid perfectionism, as well as a full mediator in narcissistic perfectionism. Our findings underline self-compassion's relevance in burnout prevention and management, supporting its use as an intervention target in burnout reduction programs and strategies.

A versão brasileira do Questionário sobre a Experiência de Parto - CEQ-2BR: adaptação, validação e confiabilidade / The Brazilian version of Childbirth Experience Questionnaire - CEQ-2BR: adaptation, validation and reliability / La versión brasileña del Cuestionario sobre la Experiencia en el Parto - CEQ-2BR: adaptación, validación y confiabilidad

INTRODUÇÃO: A avaliação sistemática das experiências das mulheres durante o parto representa uma importante estratégia para viabilizar melhorias na atenção à saúde materna e neonatal. OBJETIVOS: Adaptar o Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) para o contexto brasileiro e determinar as propriedades psicométricas da versão em português (do Brasil), denominada CEQ-2BR. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 225 puérperas recrutadas através das redes sociais. Após o consentimento informado, as participantes preencheram um formulário eletrônico, que incluía a versão preliminar da CEQ-2BR. O tratamento dos dados foi realizado através dos pacotes estatísticos SPSS e AMOS 26. A confiabilidade do CEQ-2BR foi avaliada usando o coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Para medidas paramétricas utilizou-se o Qui-quadrado de Pearson e o T de Student e, nas medidas não-paramétricas, U de Mann Whitney. A magnitude dos coeficientes de correlação foi classificada segundo os critérios de Cohen. RESULTADOS: O CEQ-2BR demonstrou boa consistência interna para "autocapacidade", "suporte profissional", "segurança percebida" e "participação", tendo sido verificado que a avaliação negativa da experiência de parto aumenta em 1,9% e 2,1%, a sintomatologia ansiosa e depressiva pós-parto, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: O CEQ-2BR é uma medida válida e confiável sobre experiência de parto na população brasileira, apresenta propriedades psicométricas satisfatórias, sendo recomendado inclusive para multíparas. Houve correlação entre níveis altos de ansiedade pré-natal com experiência negativa de parto. A experiência negativa de parto explica parte das sintomatologias de ansiedade e depressão pós-parto.

INTRODUCTION: The systematic evaluation of women's experiences during childbirth represents an important strategy for implementing improvements in maternal and newborn health care. OBJECTIVE: To adapt the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) for the Brazilian context and to determine the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version (from Brazil), called CEQ-2BR. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 226 postpartum women recruited from social media. After informed consent, participants completed an electronic form, which included the preliminary Portuguese version of the CEQ-2BR questionnaire. Data processing was performed using statistical packages SPSS and AMOS 26. The CEQ-2BR reliability was evaluated using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. For parametric measurements Pearson's and Student T's chi-square were used, and Mann Whitney U was used for non-parametric measurements. The magnitude of the correlation coefficients was classified according to Cohen's criteria. RESULTS: The CEQ2BR internal consistence was assured for "Own capacity", "Professional support", "Perceived safety" and "Participation". A negative assessment of the childbirth experience was found to increase postpartum anxious and depressive symptoms by 1.9% and 2.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The CEQ-2BR is a valid and reliable measure of childbirth experience in the Brazilian population, has satisfactory psychometric properties and can be recommended even for multiparous women. There was a significant correlation between high levels of prenatal anxiety and negative childbirth experience. The negative experience of childbirth explains part of the symptoms of postpartum anxiety and depression.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La evaluación sistemática de las experiencias de las mujeres durante el parto representa una estrategia importante para implementar mejoras en la atención de la salud materna y neonatal. OBJETIVO: Adaptar el Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) para el contexto brasileño y determinar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión portuguesa (de Brasil), denominada CEQ-2BR. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal con 226 puérperas captadas de redes sociales. Después del consentimiento informado, las participantes completaron un formulario electrónico, que incluía la versión preliminar en portugués del cuestionario CEQ-2BR. El procesamiento de datos se realizó mediante los paquetes estadísticos SPSS y AMOS 26. La confiabilidad del CEQ-2BR se evaluó mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Para las mediciones paramétricas se utilizó el chi-cuadrado de Pearson y Student T, y la U de Mann Whitney para las mediciones no paramétricas. La magnitud de los coeficientes de correlación se clasificó según el criterio de Cohen. RESULTADOS: El CEQ-2BR tiene buena consistencia interna para "Auto capacidad", "Apoyo profesional", "Seguridad percibida" y "Participación. Se encontró que una evaluación negativa de la experiencia del parto aumenta los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión posparto en un 1,9 % y un 2,1 %, respectivamente. CONCLUSIÓN: El CEQ-2BR es una medida válida y confiable de la experiencia del parto en la población brasileña, tiene propiedades psicométricas satisfactorias y puede recomendarse incluso para mujeres multíparas. Hubo una correlación significativa entre los altos niveles de ansiedad prenatal y la experiencia de parto negativa. La experiencia negativa del parto explica parte de los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión posparto.

COVID-19 psychological impact: The role of perfectionism.

Psychological reactions to pandemics and their constraints depend heavily on personality. Although perfectionism is consistently associated to depression, anxiety and stress, its role in the pandemics' psychological impact has not been yet empirically studied. Our aim was to analyze the role of perfectionism in psychological distress during the pandemic of COVID-19, testing whether it is mediated by fear of COVID-19 and repetitive negative thinking/RNT. Participants (N = 413 adults; 269.2% women) were recruited from September until December 2020, via social networks. They completed self-report validated questionnaires to evaluate perfectionism dimensions (self-critical, rigid and narcissistic perfectionism), fear of COVID-19, RNT and psychological distress (sum of anxiety, depression and stress symptoms). As women had significantly higher levels of self-critical perfectionism, RNT, fear of COVID-19 and psychological distress, gender was controlled in mediation analysis. The three perfectionism dimensions correlated with RNT, fear of COVID-19 and psychological distress. The effect of self-critical perfectionism on psychological distress was partially mediated by fear of COVID-19 and RNT whereas the effect of rigid and narcissistic perfectionism was fully mediated. Perfectionism influences emotional and cognitive responses to the COVID-19 and therefore should be considered both in the prevention and psychological consequences of the pandemic.

COVID-19 Fear Scale - Validation and adaptation for the perinatal period / Escala de Medo da COVID-19 - Validação e adaptação para o Período Perinatal

INTRODUCTION: The comprehensive effects on the mental health of the population due to the rapid global spread of COVID-19 are even more harmful to specific groups of individuals, including pregnant women. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the psychometric properties of the COVID-19 Fear Scale for Perinatal Period (EMC19-9) METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with 204 pregnant women. Participants were recruited online through social networks. The criteria for participation in the research were: pregnant and aged 18 years or older. An electronic form was filled out, which included the preliminary Portuguese version of the COVID-19 Fear Scale (EMC19), containing the seven items in the original version and the two additional items related to pregnancy and baby, socio-demographic, psychosocial and related to pregnancy, as well as the validated Brazilian versions of the Perinatal Depression Screening Scale and the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale. The SPSS version 26 statistical package was used. For parametric measures, Pearson's coefficient and Student's T and non-parametric - Mann Whitney's U. And the magnitude of the correlation coefficients with perinatal anxiety and depression symptoms, Cohen's criteria. AMOS 26.0 was used for confirmatory factor analysis. For internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: The results indicate that EMC-19-9 is a one-dimensional construct, has robust psychometric qualities, very good internal consistency of the questionnaire and shows convergent validity, has a moderate and significant correlation with perinatal anxiety and a significant, albeit slight, correlation with perinatal depression. CONCLUSION: the Covid-19 Fear Scale for the Perinatal Period (EMC-19-9) has robust psychometric qualities and convergent validity. EMC-19-9 is a reliable and valid tool to assess the severity of fear of COVID-19 among women in the perinatal period in Brazil.

INTRODUÇÃO: Os efeitos abrangentes sobre a saúde mental da população em razão da rápida disseminação global da COVID-19 são ainda mais perniciosos para grupos específicos de indivíduos, incluindo as gestantes. OBJETIVO: Analisar as propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Medo da COVID-19 no Período Perinatal (EMC19-9). MÉTODO: Trata-se de estudo transversal com de 204 gestantes. As participantes foram recrutadas online por meio das redes sociais. Os critérios para participação na pesquisa foram: grávidas e com idade de 18 anos ou superior. Houve o preenchimento de formulário eletrônico, que incluía a versão portuguesa preliminar da Escala de Medo da COVID-19 (EMC-19), contendo os sete itens da versão original e os dois adicionais relacionados com a gravidez e bebé, variáveis socio-demográficas, psicossociais e relacionadas com a gravidez, bem como as versões brasileiras validadas da Escala de Rastreio da Depressão Perinatal e da Escala de Rastreio da Ansiedade Perinatal. Utilizou-se pacote estatístico do SPSS versão 26. Para medidas paramétricas, o coeficiente de Pearson e o T de Student e não-paramétrica - U de Mann Whitney. E a magnitude dos coeficientes de correlação com sintomatologia ansiosa e depressiva perinatais, os critérios de Cohen. Usou-se o AMOS 26.0, para a análise fatorial confirmatória. Para consistência interna, o alfa de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: Os resultados indicam que a EMC-19-9 é um construto unidimensional, possui qualidades psicométricas robustas, consistência interna do questionário muito boa e mostra ter validade convergente, apresenta correlação moderada e significativa com a ansiedade perinatal e correlação significativa, apesar de ligeira, com a depressão perinatal. CONCLUSÃO: A Escala do Medo do Covid-19 para o Período Perinatal (EMC-19-9) possui qualidades psicométricas robustas e validade convergente. A EMC-19-9 é uma ferramenta confiável e válida para avaliar a gravidade do medo de COVID-19 entre mulheres em período perinatal no Brasil.