Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 10 de 10
Filtrar
2.
Science ; 369(6510): 1455-1461, 2020 09 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32703909

RESUMO

Plastic pollution is a pervasive and growing problem. To estimate the effectiveness of interventions to reduce plastic pollution, we modeled stocks and flows of municipal solid waste and four sources of microplastics through the global plastic system for five scenarios between 2016 and 2040. Implementing all feasible interventions reduced plastic pollution by 40% from 2016 rates and 78% relative to "business as usual" in 2040. Even with immediate and concerted action, 710 million metric tons of plastic waste cumulatively entered aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. To avoid a massive build-up of plastic in the environment, coordinated global action is urgently needed to reduce plastic consumption; increase rates of reuse, waste collection, and recycling; expand safe disposal systems; and accelerate innovation in the plastic value chain.


Assuntos
Poluentes Ambientais , Poluição Ambiental/prevenção & controle , Plásticos , Reciclagem , Modelos Teóricos
3.
Environ Health ; 19(1): 25, 2020 03 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32122363

RESUMO

Food packaging is of high societal value because it conserves and protects food, makes food transportable and conveys information to consumers. It is also relevant for marketing, which is of economic significance. Other types of food contact articles, such as storage containers, processing equipment and filling lines, are also important for food production and food supply. Food contact articles are made up of one or multiple different food contact materials and consist of food contact chemicals. However, food contact chemicals transfer from all types of food contact materials and articles into food and, consequently, are taken up by humans. Here we highlight topics of concern based on scientific findings showing that food contact materials and articles are a relevant exposure pathway for known hazardous substances as well as for a plethora of toxicologically uncharacterized chemicals, both intentionally and non-intentionally added. We describe areas of certainty, like the fact that chemicals migrate from food contact articles into food, and uncertainty, for example unidentified chemicals migrating into food. Current safety assessment of food contact chemicals is ineffective at protecting human health. In addition, society is striving for waste reduction with a focus on food packaging. As a result, solutions are being developed toward reuse, recycling or alternative (non-plastic) materials. However, the critical aspect of chemical safety is often ignored. Developing solutions for improving the safety of food contact chemicals and for tackling the circular economy must include current scientific knowledge. This cannot be done in isolation but must include all relevant experts and stakeholders. Therefore, we provide an overview of areas of concern and related activities that will improve the safety of food contact articles and support a circular economy. Our aim is to initiate a broader discussion involving scientists with relevant expertise but not currently working on food contact materials, and decision makers and influencers addressing single-use food packaging due to environmental concerns. Ultimately, we aim to support science-based decision making in the interest of improving public health. Notably, reducing exposure to hazardous food contact chemicals contributes to the prevention of associated chronic diseases in the human population.


Assuntos
Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Embalagem de Alimentos/métodos , Substâncias Perigosas/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Plásticos/efeitos adversos
4.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 44(3): 359-368, jul.-set. 2015. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-775051

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: existen varias alternativas de tratamiento para el recubrimiento radicular provocado por la recesión periodontal, la cual se caracteriza por el desplazamiento en sentido apical del margen gingival, con ello queda expuesta la raíz dental al medio bucal, lo que puede provocar sensibilidad dentinaria, caries dental y afectación de la estética. OBJETIVO: presentar un caso clínico donde se empleó una técnica quirúrgica para el recubrimiento radicular. PRESENTACIÓN DEL CASO: paciente masculino de 32 años, acudió a la consulta por molestias a los cambios térmicos en el 23 y preocupado por su estética ya que presenta la raíz expuesta al medio bucal. Al examen físico se observó alteración de la morfología gingival caracterizado solamente por cambio de la posición gingival en sentido apical en el 23, que no alcanza a la línea mucogingival. Se decidió en el plan de tratamiento correctivo no quirúrgico, tratar la hiperestesia dentinaria aplicar el desensibilizante dentinario (laca fluorada: Profilac), y en el tratamiento correctivo quirúrgico realizar un colgajo deslizante lateral para cubrir la raíz expuesta y tratar la afectación estética. CONCLUSIÓN: el procedimiento empleado tuvo los resultados previsibles y constituye una alternativa terapéutica cuando exista compromiso estético del paciente.


INTRODUCTION: there are several treatment options for root coverage caused by periodontal recession, which is characterized by displacement toward apically gingival margin, thereby dental root is exposed to the oral environment, which may cause dentine sensitivity, dental cavities, and aesthetic affectation. OBJECTIVE: present a clinical case where a surgical technique was used to root coverage. CASE REPORT: a 32 year-old male patient came to consultation due to nuisance to thermal changes in tooth 23 and he was concerned about aesthetics since he had his root exposed to the oral environment. On physical examination, altered gingival morphology was observed. It was characterized only by changing the apical gingival position in tooth 23, which does not reach the mucogingival line. It was decided a corrective plan of nonsurgical treatment, treating dentin hyperesthesia by applying dentin desensitizing (fluoridated lacquer: Profilac), and corrective surgical treatment to make a lateral sliding flap to cover the exposed root, and treating aesthetic condition. CONCLUSION: the used procedure had the expected results and it represents an alternative therapy when there is patient aesthetic compromise.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Reabsorção da Raiz/cirurgia , Retração Gengival/terapia , Hiperestesia/terapia
5.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 43(1): 52-60, ene.-mar. 2014. Ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-721301

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: el cáncer bucal se puede detectar precozmente, si la población se educa para identificar los síntomas tempranos de la enfermedad, por ser la cavidad bucal una de las regiones del organismo que puede examinarse directamente. OBJETIVO: evaluar el nivel de conocimientos de los pacientes sobre el cáncer bucal. MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal mediante una entrevista individual. El universo estuvo conformado por 460 pacientes que acudieron a Consulta de Estomatología. RESULTADOS: se observó que 246 pacientes (53,5 %) tuvieron nivel medio de escolaridad, 288 (62,6 %) no conocían los factores de riesgo del cáncer bucal y solo el 2,2 % fue evaluado de "bien", en su nivel de conocimientos sobre cáncer bucal. CONCLUSIONES: el nivel de conocimientos sobre el cáncer bucal de la mayor parte de la población encuestada fue evaluado de "regular" y "mal".


INTRODUCTION: it is possible to detect oral cancer at an early stage provided that the population is trained to identify the initial symptoms of the disease, since the oral cavity is one of the sections of the human body which may be examined directly. OBJECTIVE: evaluate the level of knowledge about oral cancer among dental patients. METHODS: a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted based on an individual interview. The study universe was composed of 460 patients seeking dental care. RESULTS: It was found that 246 patients (53.5 %) had completed high school, 288 (62.6 %) were not aware of the risk factors for oral cancer, and a mere 2.2 % had adequate knowledge about oral cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The level of knowledge about oral cancer among most of the population surveyed was evaluated as either fair or poor.


Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias Bucais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Bucais/prevenção & controle , Inquéritos de Saúde Bucal/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais
6.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 12(3): 322-328, jul.-set. 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-685986

RESUMO

Introducción: el Granuloma Piógeno es un tumor benigno que se presenta en la cavidad bucal y en diferentes zonas de la piel, asociado a la presencia de irritantes locales. Se considera una respuesta exagerada frente a estímulos de baja intensidad. Se puede establecer diagnóstico diferencial con diferentes entidades como el hemangioma, granuloma periférico de células gigantes, tumor en el embarazo. Objetivo: exponer un caso de Granuloma Piógeno de encía ante la comunidad científica. Presentación del caso: paciente femenina de 47 años, con antecedente de salud, acude a consulta por aumento de volumen entre 32 y 33 por vestibular, 8 meses de evolución, sangramiento espontáneo y abundante al cepillado siendo doloroso el mismo. Se decidió su escisión y biopsia para el diagnóstico definitivo, la cual se realizó bajo anestesia local sin complicaciones, con una evolución postoperatoria favorable. Conclusiones: el Granuloma Piógeno es una respuesta exagerada de los tejidos gingivales a pequeños estímulos, el examen histológico corrobora el diagnóstico clínico presuntivo.


Introduction: the pyogenic granuloma is a benign tumor that is shown at the buccal cavity and at the skin's different zones, associated to the presence of irritating locales. An answer exaggerated in front of low-intensity stimuli is considered. Diagnostic differential with different entities like the hemangioma, peripheric granuloma of giant cells, and tumor in the pregnancy can be established. Objective: to expose a case of granuloma gum pyogenic before the scientific community. Case presentation: patient BRP, he assists to consultation for increase of volume among 32 and 33 feminine of 47 years, with antecedent of health for vestibular, 8 months of evolution, spontaneous and ample bleeding to the brushing being painful the same one. His scission and biopsy for the definitive diagnosis were decided, which as local anesthesia without complications, with a postoperative favorable evolution came true softly. Conclusions: Pyogenic Granuloma is made an exaggerated answer from the gingival tissue to small stimuli, the exam histological corroborates the clinical presumptive diagnosis.

7.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 10(4): 458-464, oct.-dic. 2011.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-615832

RESUMO

Introducción: La periodontitis es una enfermedad multifactorial, donde las bacterias no tienen un papel único en su origen y desarrollo. Con el avance de los estudios microbiológicos se ha demostrado la presencia de los herpes virus en las diferentes manifestaciones clínicas de la misma. Objetivo: mostrar diferentes elementos en los cuales se relaciona la infección por herpes virus con el inicio y desarrollo de las periodontopatías. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica mediante la consulta de bases de datos de los sistemas referativos, como MEDLINE, PubMed y Scielo, con la utilización de descriptores como herpes virus, citomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, periodontal disease, pathogenesis. Conclusiones: Se llegó a la conclusión que las células inflamatorias infectadas con virus herpéticos provocan la producción de citocinas que destruyen los tejidos periodontales y pueden disminuir la capacidad de defensa frente a la exposición bacteriana.


Introduction: Periodontitis is a multifactor disease where bacteria do not play a unique role in its origin and development. The progress of microbiological studies have proved the presence of Herpes virus in the different clinical manifestations of this disease. Objective:The aim of this research is to show different elements that place the infection by Herpes virus and the beginning and development of periodontitis very close related one to another. Material and Methods: Reference systems such as MEDLINE, PUBMED, and SCIELO were consulted. It was also made a revision of descriptions like herpes virus, Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and periodontal disease. Conclusion: It was concluded that the inflammatory cells infected by herpetic virus promote the production of Cytokines that destroyed the periodontal tissues decreasing the capacity of defence against bacteria presence.

8.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 37(1)ene.-mar. 2008.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-499367

RESUMO

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en 250 alumnos de uno y otro sexos, comprendidos entre 19 y 23 años de edad, pertenecientes al Instituto Técnico Militar José Martí, en Ciudad de La Habana, con el objetivo de identificar sus necesidades de tratamiento periodontal. Se tomó una muestra simple aleatoria, se utilizó el índice de necesidad de tratamiento periodontal en la comunidad. Los resultados expresaron que el 67,6 por ciento de los examinados estaban afectados periodontalmente, el promedio de sextantes sanos fue de 4,54 y necesitó tratamiento periodontal básico el 47,2 por ciento. Se confeccionaron gráficos estadísticos. Se llegó a la conclusión que la condición de sano periodontal disminuyó con la edad y que la instrucción de higiene bucal constituyó la necesidad de tratamiento más frecuente, seguido de la necesidad de tratamiento periodontal básico.


A descriptive cross-sectional study of 250 students of both sexes aged 19-23 from José Martí Military Technical Institute, in Havana city, was conducted in order to identify their needs of periodontal treatment. A simple randomized sample was taken, and the index of necessity of periodontal treatment in the community was used. The results showed that 67.6 percent of those who were examined were periodontally affected. The average of healthy sextans was 4.54, whereas 47.2 percent needed basic periodontal treatment. Statistical graphics were made. It was concluded that the condition of periodontally sound decreased with age and that the oral hygiene instruction was the most frequent need of treatment, followed by the need of basic periodontal treatment.


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Doenças Periodontais/epidemiologia , Doenças Periodontais/tratamento farmacológico
9.
Rev. cuba. estomatol ; 43(3)jul.-sept. 2006. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-465232

RESUMO

Se realizó un ensayo clínico terapeútico aleatorizado, controlado, fase III a 40 pacientes de 1 a 18 años, con estomatitis aftosa recurrente que acudieron al Departamento de Periodoncia de la Facultad de Estomatología del ISCM-H y a la consulta externa del Hospital William Soler, de septiembre del 2003 a septiembre del 2004. Se aleatorizaron en 2 grupos de tratamiento: grupo A (control) vitaminas más colutorios de clorhexidina, y grupo B (estudio) tratamiento anterior más Inmunoferón. Las lesiones se clasificaron en menor, mayor, o herpetiforme. La forma menor de la enfermedad fue la más frecuente. Los niños de mayor edad se correspondían con la forma mayor y los de menor edad con la variedad herpetiforme. La duración de la enfermedad disminuyó de 10,5 días a 6,2 días en el grupo estudio y de 10,6 a 8,3 en el control. El 42,1 por ciento de los casos en el grupo A tuvo buena evolución contra el 73,7 por ciento en el grupo B. La forma mayor fue la de mejor evolución y la posibilidad de mejoría clínica fue 7 veces mayor en el grupo B. En general, el porcentaje de pacientes que se agrupó en la categoría de recidiva por encima de los 3 meses, fue muy superior en el grupo B con respecto al A (57,9 por ciento vs. 15,8 por ciento). No hubo reacciones adversas al medicamento(AU)


A controlled, randomized, therapeutic, phase III clinical trial was undertaken in 40 patients aged 1-18 with aphthous recurrent stomatitis that were seen at the Periodontics Department of the Faculty of Stomatology of the Higher Institute of Medical Sciences of Havana and at the outpatient department of William Soler Hospital from September 2003 to September 2004. They were divided at random in 2 treatment groups: group A (control) vitamins and chlorhexidine mouthwashes, and group B (study) that received the same treatment plus Immunoferon. The lesions were classified into minor, major or herpetifom. The most common was the minor form. The major form was observed in the oldest children and the herpetiform variety in the youngest. The duration of the disease decreased from 10.5 days to 6.2 days in the study group and from 10.6 to 8.3 in the control group. 42.1 percent of the cases in group A had a good evolution against 73.7 percent in the group B. The major form had the best evolution and the possibility of clinical improvement was 7 times higher in group B. In general, the percentage of patients that were grouped in the recurrence category over 3 months was much greater in group B compared with group A (57.9 percent vs. 15.8 percent). There were no adverse reactions to the drug(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Estomatite Aftosa/terapia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Antissépticos Bucais/uso terapêutico , Preparações Farmacêuticas
10.
Rev. cuba. estomatol ; 33(3): 105-8, sept.-dic. 1996. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-208288

RESUMO

Realizamos un estudio detallado del comportamiento del Plan de Detección Precoz del Cáncer Bucal (PDCB) en el municipio de Artemisa durante los últimos cinco años. Determinar la proporción de pacientes examinados y remitidos por edades y sexos así como el diagnóstico definitivo de las lesiones encontradas fue el objetivo de esta investigación. Se examinaron un total de 149 961 pacientes mayores de 15 años, de los cuales se remitieron con lesiones 109 para el 0,072 por ciento de la muestra; hubo un ligero predominio en el sexo masculino en los afectado. Estos fueron aumentado a medida que la edad también lo hizo. Las lesiones mas frecuentemente fueron: leucoplasias, carcinomas basales, neoplasias benignas, otras lesiones premalignas, y carcinomas epidermoides. Señalamos la importancia de la incorporación del médico de la familia a este plan en nuestro municipio


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cuba , Neoplasias Bucais/diagnóstico , Programas Nacionais de Saúde
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA