Perineal impalement extending through multiple cavities by iron rod following fall from elevated plane: Case report.

INTRODUCTION: Perineal impalements, although rare, exhibit high morbidity and mortality, associated with penetrating traumas by long objects, often resulting from falls or assaults. The risk of pelvic bleeding and the need for immediate intervention to preserve vital organs are characteristics of these injuries, whose severity demands a multidisciplinary approach. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 57-year-old male patient, a victim of a 5-meter fall, suffered an extensive perineal impalement. With stable vital signs, he underwent the ATLS protocol, followed by whole-body computed tomography (WBCT), revealing a metallic object traversing the perineum, abdomen, and thorax. The surgery involved laparotomy, sternotomy, and removal of the object under direct visualization, with repair of prostatic, vesical, hepatic, and diaphragmatic injuries. The postoperative period included transfusions and urological follow-up. DISCUSSION: Perineal impalements require immediate attention, and their approach is influenced by clinical factors and the extent of the object. The importance of preoperative evaluation with tomography, removal of the object under direct visualization, and comprehensive surgical management is highlighted. The decision for conservative treatment is reserved for less severe cases. This work has been reported in line with the SCARE criteria. CONCLUSION: Perineal impalements demand a rapid and integrated approach to optimize survival. Object removal, often performed by exploratory laparotomy, stands out as an essential procedure. Multidisciplinary expertise is crucial for the effective management of these complex injuries. METHODS: This work has been reported in line with the SCARE criteria.

Abdominal Wall Sinus and Recurrent Abscess Formation Due to a Foreign Body Following Surgical Intervention.

The sinus tract, a tubular structure with no outlet connecting deep tissues to the skin, is a rare entity, especially in patients undergoing abdominal surgeries. The pathophysiology involves factors such as liquefaction of adipose tissue, infection, and retention of foreign bodies. Inadequate surgical drainage can lead to chronicity, culminating in the formation of an infectious sinus in the abdominal wall, clinically known as a sinus. Understanding this phenomenon is crucial to avoid recurrences and complications. A 65-year-old female patient with a history of multiple abdominal surgeries presented with pain and suprapubic discharge. Similar episodes had occurred previously. Examinations revealed a fistulous tract in the right iliac fossa. The surgical intervention included the excision of the tract, identification of points with cotton thread, and antibiotic therapy. Follow-up in the outpatient setting showed no recurrences. The presence of postoperative foreign bodies, such as sutures, can trigger recurrent local infections. Diagnosis involves imaging studies, and the type of surgical thread influences complications. Treatment aims at drainage and excision of the tract. A multidisciplinary approach is of paramount importance. The sinus, with its insidious formation, highlights the complexity of this condition. Careful selection of surgical materials, precise imaging diagnosis, and a multidisciplinary approach are essential for effective treatment. This case emphasizes the importance of clinical practice to enhance clinical outcomes and the quality of life of patients affected by this challenging condition.

Case report of peritoneal carcinomatosis in the clinical course of pancreatic solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (Frantz's tumor) in a patient with a history of blunt abdominal trauma.

INTRODUCTION: Pancreatic solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN), or Frantz's tumor, is a rare tumor with low malignant potential and a high cure rate when treated by complete surgical resection. There have been few reports of metastatic disease as a result of blunt abdominal trauma. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 13-year-old female patient was a victim of blunt abdominal trauma in 2019. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed a voluminous hemoperitoneum associated with a tumor in the pancreatic tail whose characteristics suggested a pseudopapillary tumor. The patient remained hemodynamically stable and nonoperative treatment was chosen. Two months later, a CT scan showed resolution of the hemoperitoneum and delimitation of the neoplasm in the tail of the pancreas. Elective body and tail pancreatectomy with laparoscopic splenectomy was performed. The patient remained asymptomatic for 15 months until she developed abdominal pain and constipation. A CT scan suggested peritoneal carcinomatosis, which was confirmed by biopsy of the lesions. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: A pancreatic SPN, in the context of an abdominal injury, can undergo metastatic progression despite surgical resection with curative intent and adherence to the precepts of minimally invasive oncological surgery. It is important to plan for the long-term follow-up of patients, as well as to understand the risk factors for recurrence. CONCLUSION: Although pancreatic SPN has a good prognosis, rupture of its capsule due to external trauma, as reported in the present case, may be a mechanism for peritoneal dissemination of the tumor with a consequent reduction in the length of disease-free survival.

Performance and outcome of ressucitative thoracotomies in a southern Brazil trauma center: a 7-year retrospective analysis.

OBJECTIVE: the study aims to analyze the performance and outcome of resuscitation thoracotomy (TR) performed in patients victims of penetrating and blunt trauma in a trauma center in southern Brazil during a 7 years period. METHODS: retrospective study based on the analysis of medical records of patients undergoing TR, from 2014 to 2020, in the emergency service of the Hospital do Trabalhador, Curitiba - Paraná, Brazil. RESULTS: a total of 46 TR were performed during the study period, of which 89.1% were male. The mean age of patients undergoing TR was 34.1±12.94 years (range 16 and 69 years). Penetrating trauma corresponded to the majority of indications with 80.4%, of these 86.5% victims of gunshot wounds and 13.5% victims of knife wounds. On the other hand, only 19.6% undergoing TR were victims of blunt trauma. Regarding the outcome variables, 84.78% of the patients had declared deaths during the procedure, considered non-responders. 15.22% of patients survived after the procedure. 4.35% of patients undergoing TR were discharged from the hospital, 50% of which were victims of blunt trauma. CONCLUSION: the data obtained in our study are in accordance with the world literature, reinforcing the need for a continuous effort to perform TR, respecting its indications and limitations in patients victims of severe penetrating or blunt trauma.

Performance and outcome of ressucitative thoracotomies in a southern Brazil trauma center: a 7-year retrospective analysis / Desempenho e desfecho das toracotomias de reanimação realizadas em centro de trauma sul-brasileiro: análise retrospectiva de 7 anos

ABSTRACT Objective: the study aims to analyze the performance and outcome of resuscitation thoracotomy (TR) performed in patients victims of penetrating and blunt trauma in a trauma center in southern Brazil during a 7 years period. Methods: retrospective study based on the analysis of medical records of patients undergoing TR, from 2014 to 2020, in the emergency service of the Hospital do Trabalhador, Curitiba - Paraná, Brazil. Results: a total of 46 TR were performed during the study period, of which 89.1% were male. The mean age of patients undergoing TR was 34.1±12.94 years (range 16 and 69 years). Penetrating trauma corresponded to the majority of indications with 80.4%, of these 86.5% victims of gunshot wounds and 13.5% victims of knife wounds. On the other hand, only 19.6% undergoing TR were victims of blunt trauma. Regarding the outcome variables, 84.78% of the patients had declared deaths during the procedure, considered non-responders. 15.22% of patients survived after the procedure. 4.35% of patients undergoing TR were discharged from the hospital, 50% of which were victims of blunt trauma. Conclusion: the data obtained in our study are in accordance with the world literature, reinforcing the need for a continuous effort to perform TR, respecting its indications and limitations in patients victims of severe penetrating or blunt trauma.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o desempenho e o desfecho das toracotomias de reanimação (TR) realizadas nos pacientes vítimas de trauma penetrante e contuso em um hospital de referência em trauma no Sul do Brasil durante um período de sete anos. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo baseado na análise de prontuários de pacientes submetidos a TR, no período de 2014 a 2020, no serviço de emergência do Hospital do Trabalhador, Curitiba - Paraná, Brasil. Resultados: um total de 46 TR foram realizadas durante o período de estudo, dos quais 89.1% eram do sexo masculino. A média de idade dos pacientes submetidos a TR foi de 34.1±12.94 anos (variação de 16 e 69 anos). O trauma penetrante correspondeu pela maioria das indicações de TR com 80.4%, destas 86.5% vítimas de ferimentos por arma de fogo e 13.5% vítimas de ferimento por arma branca. Por outro lado, apenas 19.6% submetidos a TR foram vítimas de trauma contuso. No que se refere as variáveis de desfecho, 84.78% dos pacientes tiveram óbitos declarados durante o procedimento, considerados não respondedores. 15.22% dos pacientes apresentaram sobrevida após o procedimento. 4.35% dos pacientes submetidos à TR tiveram alta hospitalar, sendo 50% pacientes vítimas de trauma contuso. Conclusão: os dados obtidos em nosso estudo estão em conformidade com a literatura mundial, reforçando a necessidade de um esforço contínuo para realização da TR respeitando suas indicações e limitações em pacientes vítimas de trauma grave penetrante ou contuso.

Damage control surgery: are we losing control over indications?

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the surgeons' subjective indications for damage control surgery, correlating with objective data about the patients' physiological state at the time the surgery was chosen. METHODS: we carried out a prospective study between January 2016 and February 2017, with 46 trauma victims who were submitted to damage control surgery. After each surgery, we applied a questionnaire to the attending surgeon, addressing the motivations for choosing the procedure. We collected data in the medical records to assess hemodynamic conditions, systolic blood pressure and heart rate on arrival at the emergency room (grade III or IV shock on arrival at the emergency room would partially justify the choice). We considered elevation of serum lactate level, prolonged prothrombin time and blood pH below 7.2 as laboratory indicators of worse prognosis, objectively corroborating the subjective choice of the procedure. RESULTS: the main indications for damage control surgery were hemodynamic instability (47.8%) and high complexity lesions (30.4%). Hemodynamic and laboratory changes corroborated the choice in 65.2% of patients, regardless of the time; 23.9% presented hemodynamic changes compatible with degree III and IV shock, but without laboratory alterations; 4.3% had only laboratory abnormalities and 6.5% had no alterations at all. CONCLUSION: in the majority of cases, there was early indication for damage control surgery, based mainly on hemodynamic status and severity of lesions, and in 65.2%, the decision was compatible with alterations in objective hemodynamic and laboratory data.

Damage control surgery: are we losing control over indications? / Cirurgia de controle de danos: estamos perdendo controle das indicações?

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the surgeons' subjective indications for damage control surgery, correlating with objective data about the patients' physiological state at the time the surgery was chosen. Methods: we carried out a prospective study between January 2016 and February 2017, with 46 trauma victims who were submitted to damage control surgery. After each surgery, we applied a questionnaire to the attending surgeon, addressing the motivations for choosing the procedure. We collected data in the medical records to assess hemodynamic conditions, systolic blood pressure and heart rate on arrival at the emergency room (grade III or IV shock on arrival at the emergency room would partially justify the choice). We considered elevation of serum lactate level, prolonged prothrombin time and blood pH below 7.2 as laboratory indicators of worse prognosis, objectively corroborating the subjective choice of the procedure. Results: the main indications for damage control surgery were hemodynamic instability (47.8%) and high complexity lesions (30.4%). Hemodynamic and laboratory changes corroborated the choice in 65.2% of patients, regardless of the time; 23.9% presented hemodynamic changes compatible with degree III and IV shock, but without laboratory alterations; 4.3% had only laboratory abnormalities and 6.5% had no alterations at all. Conclusion: in the majority of cases, there was early indication for damage control surgery, based mainly on hemodynamic status and severity of lesions, and in 65.2%, the decision was compatible with alterations in objective hemodynamic and laboratory data.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as indicações subjetivas, por parte do cirurgião, para cirurgia de controle de danos, correlacionando com dados objetivos sobre o estado fisiológico do paciente, no momento em que a cirurgia foi escolhida. Métodos: estudo prospectivo realizado entre janeiro de 2016 e fevereiro de 2017, de 46 pacientes vítimas de traumas e submetidos à cirurgia de controle de danos. Após cada cirurgia era aplicado um questionário ao cirurgião responsável, abordando as motivações para a escolha do procedimento. Foram coletados dados nos prontuários para avaliar as condições hemodinâmicas, pressão arterial sistólica e frequência cardíaca na chegada ao pronto socorro (choque grau III ou IV na chegada ao pronto socorro justificaria parcialmente a escolha). Elevação do nível sérico de lactato, tempo de protrombina alargado e pH abaixo de 7,2 foram usados como indicadores laboratoriais de pior prognóstico, corroborando objetivamente com a escolha subjetiva pela cirurgia de controle de danos. Resultados: as principais indicações para cirurgia de controle de danos foram instabilidade hemodinâmica (47,8%) e lesões de alta complexidade (30,4%). Alterações hemodinâmicas e laboratoriais corroboraram a escolha em 65,2% dos pacientes, independente do momento; 23,9% apresentaram alterações hemodinâmicas compatíveis com choque grau III e IV, porém sem alterações laboratoriais; 4,3% apresentavam somente as alterações laboratoriais e 6,5% estavam sem alteração alguma. Conclusão: na maioria dos casos optou-se precocemente pela cirurgia de controle de danos, baseando-se principalmente no estado hemodinâmico e gravidade das lesões, sendo que em 65,2% a decisão foi compatível com alterações de dados objetivos do estado hemodinâmico e laboratoriais.