RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To understand and characterise the construct of 'near misses' from the perspective of temporary construction workers and to describe the safety and health risks associated with and contributing to near misses and injuries in temporary workers in the construction industry. METHODS: Six semistructured language-sensitive (ie, English and Spanish) focus group discussions were conducted with workers (n=43) employed with temporary staffing agencies in South Florida. This convenience sample completed a demographic questionnaire prior to the focus group discussion. A general inductive approach was used to examine near misses in the construction industry and the unique safety and health concerns of temporary workers. RESULTS: Four broad themes describing near misses, reporting practices and workplace safety hazards in the construction industry were derived from the group discussions: (1) non-standard workers in the construction industry draw a clear distinction between near misses and injury and believe their best protections from both occur at the worker level; (2) social network structure on construction worksites is an effective way to protect workers against injury and near misses; (3) safety and health priorities and policies at the organisational level differ from those at the worker level, which contributes to workplace injury; and (4) reporting of safety concerns and near misses is influenced by injury severity. CONCLUSIONS: Temporary workers in the construction industry are familiar with near misses but have limited resources to protect themselves against potential health and safety hazards. These non-standard workers addressed unique barriers to staying safe at work and identified potential improvements.
Assuntos
Acidentes de Trabalho/prevenção & controle , Indústria da Construção , Emprego , Saúde Ocupacional , Segurança , Recursos Humanos , Ferimentos e Lesões/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Atitude , Feminino , Grupos Focais , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Organizações , Políticas , Relatório de Pesquisa , Inquéritos e Questionários , Local de Trabalho , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the extent to which children with birth defects experience differential likelihood of various injuries and injury-related hospitalizations in early childhood. STUDY DESIGN: The Florida Birth Defects Registry was used to identify infants born 2006-2010 with select birth defects. Injury matrices were used to detect injuries in inpatient, ambulatory, and emergency department admissions for each infant up to their third birthday. χ2tests were used to compare sociodemographic and perinatal characteristics of children, by presence of an injury-related hospital admission. Adjusted multivariable logistic and zero-inflated negative binomial regression models were used to investigate birth defect and injury associations and related hospital use. RESULTS: We observed a 21% (99% CI: 1.16-1.27) increased odds of injury in children with birth defects. All birth defect subgroups had a statistically significantly increased odds of injury (excluding chromosomal defects), with adjusted ORs ranging from 1.19 to 1.40. The combination of birth defects and injuries resulted in 40% (99% CI: 1.36-1.44) more frequent injury-related hospital visits and a 3-fold (99% CI: 2.76-2.96) increase in time spent receiving inpatient medical care. Over 30% of children with critical congenital heart defects had an injury-related hospital admission. CONCLUSIONS: Children born with specific birth defects are at increased likelihood of various injuries during early life. Although the magnitude of this increased likelihood varied by the mechanism by which the injury occurred, the location of the injury, and the type of birth defect, our study findings support a direct association between birth defects and injuries in early life.
Assuntos
Anormalidades Congênitas/epidemiologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Florida , Hospitalização , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Sistema de Registros , Medição de Risco , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Importance: Understanding the risk of birth defects associated with Zika virus infection during pregnancy may help guide communication, prevention, and planning efforts. In the absence of Zika virus, microcephaly occurs in approximately 7 per 10â¯000 live births. Objective: To estimate the preliminary proportion of fetuses or infants with birth defects after maternal Zika virus infection by trimester of infection and maternal symptoms. Design, Setting, and Participants: Completed pregnancies with maternal, fetal, or infant laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection and outcomes reported in the continental United States and Hawaii from January 15 to September 22, 2016, in the US Zika Pregnancy Registry, a collaboration between the CDC and state and local health departments. Exposures: Laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection in a maternal, placental, fetal, or infant sample. Main Outcomes and Measures: Birth defects potentially Zika associated: brain abnormalities with or without microcephaly, neural tube defects and other early brain malformations, eye abnormalities, and other central nervous system consequences. Results: Among 442 completed pregnancies in women (median age, 28 years; range, 15-50 years) with laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection, birth defects potentially related to Zika virus were identified in 26 (6%; 95% CI, 4%-8%) fetuses or infants. There were 21 infants with birth defects among 395 live births and 5 fetuses with birth defects among 47 pregnancy losses. Birth defects were reported for 16 of 271 (6%; 95% CI, 4%-9%) pregnant asymptomatic women and 10 of 167 (6%; 95% CI, 3%-11%) symptomatic pregnant women. Of the 26 affected fetuses or infants, 4 had microcephaly and no reported neuroimaging, 14 had microcephaly and brain abnormalities, and 4 had brain abnormalities without microcephaly; reported brain abnormalities included intracranial calcifications, corpus callosum abnormalities, abnormal cortical formation, cerebral atrophy, ventriculomegaly, hydrocephaly, and cerebellar abnormalities. Infants with microcephaly (18/442) represent 4% of completed pregnancies. Birth defects were reported in 9 of 85 (11%; 95% CI, 6%-19%) completed pregnancies with maternal symptoms or exposure exclusively in the first trimester (or first trimester and periconceptional period), with no reports of birth defects among fetuses or infants with prenatal exposure to Zika virus infection only in the second or third trimesters. Conclusions and Relevance: Among pregnant women in the United States with completed pregnancies and laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika infection, 6% of fetuses or infants had evidence of Zika-associated birth defects, primarily brain abnormalities and microcephaly, whereas among women with first-trimester Zika infection, 11% of fetuses or infants had evidence of Zika-associated birth defects. These findings support the importance of screening pregnant women for Zika virus exposure.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/anormalidades , Anormalidades Congênitas/virologia , Anormalidades do Olho/virologia , Feto/virologia , Defeitos do Tubo Neural/virologia , Infecção por Zika virus , Adolescente , Adulto , Encéfalo/virologia , Anormalidades Congênitas/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Microcefalia/epidemiologia , Microcefalia/virologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Defeitos do Tubo Neural/epidemiologia , Neuroimagem , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Estados Unidos , Adulto Jovem , Zika virus , Infecção por Zika virus/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) is a new soil fumigant that is considered a replacement for methyl bromide. In 2014, the Florida Department of Health (FDOH) received several complaints of illness following a strong DMDS odor in Hillsborough County. Public health investigation of DMDS-related illness was conducted to assess illness and identify areas to target for prevention activities. This investigation included surveillance, interviews, review of medical records, review of supporting documentation, and determination of pesticide-related illness and injury case status. FDOH interviewed 66 people complaining of illness related to DMDS. Thirty-two were classified as possible and 11 as suspicious cases of DMDS-related illness. Among cases, the mean age was 48 years (range: 3-71 years). The majority were non-Hispanic (n = 43, 100%), white (n = 40, 93%), and female (n = 23, 53.5%). The most common signs and symptoms reported by exposed people included eye pain, throat irritation, nausea, dizziness, headache, and fatigue. There were 88% of cases classified as having low severity of illness and 12% classified as having moderate severity. The average distance from an application site among individuals who reported being exposed at or near their home was 0.74 miles for those classified as cases (n = 36) and 2.84 miles for those not classified as cases (n = 21, P < .05). This is the first known comprehensive report of DMDS-related illness in humans. Even though illnesses associated with DMDS in this investigation were generally of low severity, it is important to identify better ways to prevent off-target movement of DMDS and to improve notification to communities when nearby DMDS applications are planned.
Assuntos
Dissulfetos/toxicidade , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Fumigação/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Florida , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Odorantes , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We investigate uncertainty in estimates of pregnant women's exposure to ambient PM2.5 and benzene derived from central-site monitoring data. Through a study of live births in Florida during 2000-2009, we discuss the selection of spatial and temporal scales of analysis, limiting distances, and aggregation method. We estimate exposure concentrations and classify exposure for a range of alternatives, and compare impacts. Estimated exposure concentrations were most sensitive to the temporal scale of analysis for PM2.5, with similar sensitivity to spatial scale for benzene. Using 1-12 versus 3-8 weeks of gestational age as the exposure window resulted in reclassification of exposure by at least one quartile for up to 37% of mothers for PM2.5 and 27% for benzene. The largest mean absolute differences in concentration resulting from any decision were 0.78 µg/m(3) and 0.44 ppbC, respectively. No bias toward systematically higher or lower estimates was found between choices for any decision.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Benzeno/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental/estatística & dados numéricos , Exposição Materna/estatística & dados numéricos , Material Particulado/análise , Incerteza , Adulto , Poluição do Ar/estatística & dados numéricos , Exposição Ambiental/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Florida , Humanos , GravidezRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: A growing number of studies have investigated the association between air pollution and the risk of birth defects, but results are inconsistent. The objective of this study was to examine whether maternal exposure to ambient PM2.5 or benzene increases the risk of selected birth defects in Florida. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of singleton infants born in Florida from 2000 to 2009. Isolated and non-isolated birth defect cases of critical congenital heart defects, orofacial clefts, and spina bifida were identified from the Florida Birth Defects Registry. Estimates of maternal exposures to PM2.5 and benzene for all case and non-case pregnancies were derived by aggregation of ambient measurement data, obtained from the US Environmental Protection Agency Air Quality System, during etiologically relevant time windows. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each quartile of air pollutant exposure. RESULTS: Compared to the first quartile of PM2.5 exposure, higher levels of exposure were associated with an increased risk of non-isolated truncus arteriosus (aPR4th Quartile, 8.80; 95% CI, 1.11-69.50), total anomalous pulmonary venous return (aPR2nd Quartile, 5.00; 95% CI, 1.10-22.84), coarctation of the aorta (aPR4th Quartile, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.15-2.57; aPR3rd Quartile, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.07-2.41), interrupted aortic arch (aPR4th Quartile, 5.50; 95% CI, 1.22-24.82), and isolated and non-isolated any critical congenital heart defect (aPR3rd Quartile, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.02-1.25; aPR4th Quartile, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.07-1.65). Mothers with the highest level of exposure to benzene were more likely to deliver an infant with an isolated cleft palate (aPR4th Quartile, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.13-2.04) or any orofacial cleft (aPR4th Quartile, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.08-1.56). An inverse association was observed between exposure to benzene and non-isolated pulmonary atresia (aPR4th Quartile, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.04-0.84). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest a few associations between exposure to ambient PM2.5 or benzene and specific birth defects in Florida. However, many related comparisons showed no association. Hence, it remains unclear whether associations are clinically significant or can be causally related to air pollution exposures.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Benzeno/análise , Anormalidades Congênitas/epidemiologia , Material Particulado/análise , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/epidemiologia , Adulto , Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos , Benzeno/efeitos adversos , Anormalidades Congênitas/etiologia , Feminino , Florida/epidemiologia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Análise Multivariada , Material Particulado/efeitos adversos , Distribuição de Poisson , Gravidez , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/induzido quimicamente , Estudos Retrospectivos , Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Clock genes are expressed in a self-perpetuating, circadian pattern in virtually every tissue including the human gastrointestinal tract. They coordinate cellular processes critical for tumor development, including cell proliferation, DNA damage response and apoptosis. Circadian rhythm disturbances have been associated with an increased risk for colon cancer and other cancers. This mechanism has not been elucidated, yet may involve dysregulation of the 'period' (PER) clock genes, which have tumor suppressor properties. A variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) in the PERIOD3 (PER3) gene has been associated with sleep disorders, differences in diurnal hormone secretion, and increased premenopausal breast cancer risk. Susceptibility related to PER3 has not been examined in conjunction with adenomatous polyps. This exploratory case-control study was the first to test the hypothesis that the 5-repeat PER3 VNTR sequence is associated with increased odds of adenoma formation. Information on demographics, medical history, occupation and lifestyle was collected prior to colonoscopy. Cases (n=49) were individuals with at least one histopathologically confirmed adenoma. Controls (n=97) included patients with normal findings or hyperplastic polyps not requiring enhanced surveillance. Unconditional multiple logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), after adjusting for potential confounding. Adenomas were detected in 34% of participants. Cases were more likely to possess the 5-repeat PER3 genotype relative to controls (4/5 OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 0.9-4.8; 5/5 OR, 5.1; 95% CI, 1.4-18.1; 4/5+5/5 OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.7-5.4). Examination of the Oncomine microarray database indicated lower PERIOD gene expression in adenomas relative to adjacent normal tissue. Results suggest a need for follow-up in a larger sample.
Assuntos
Adenoma/genética , Pólipos Adenomatosos/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Proteínas Circadianas Period/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Colonoscopia , Endoscopia , Feminino , Genótipo , Heterozigoto , Homozigoto , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Análise de RegressãoRESUMO
In a Columbia, South Carolina-based case-control study, we developed a healthy lifestyle index from five modifiable lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, diet, and body mass index), and examined the association between this lifestyle index and the risk of colorectal adenomatous polyps (adenoma). Participants were recruited from a local endoscopy center and completed questionnaires related to lifestyle behaviors prior to colonoscopy. We scored responses on each of five lifestyle factors as unhealthy (0 point) or healthy (1 point) based on current evidence and recommendations. We added the five scores to produce a combined lifestyle index for each participant ranging from 0 (least healthy) to 5 (healthiest), which was dichotomized into unhealthy (0-2) and healthy (3-5) lifestyle scores. We used logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for adenoma with adjustment for multiple covariates. We identified 47 adenoma cases and 91 controls. In the main analyses, there was a statistically nonsignificant inverse association between the dichotomous (OR 0.54; 95% CI 0.22, 1.29) and continuous (OR 0.75; 95% CI 0.51, 1.10) lifestyle index and adenoma. Odds of adenoma were significantly modified by the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (p(interaction) = 0.04). For participants who reported no use of NSAIDs, those in the healthy lifestyle category had a 72% lower odds of adenoma as compared to those in the unhealthy category (OR 0.28; 95% CI 0.08, 0.98), whereas a one-unit increase in the index significantly reduced odds of adenoma by 53% (OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.26, 0.88). Although these findings should be interpreted cautiously given our small sample size, our results suggest that higher scores from this index are associated with reduced odds of adenomas, especially in non-users of NSAIDs. Lifestyle interventions are required to test this approach as a strategy to prevent colorectal adenomatous polyps.
Assuntos
Pólipos Adenomatosos/epidemiologia , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias do Colo/epidemiologia , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Estilo de Vida , Pólipos Adenomatosos/prevenção & controle , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Índice de Massa Corporal , Neoplasias do Colo/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Sexuais , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
During routine screening in 2011, US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) identified 2 persons with elevated radioactivity. CBP, in collaboration with Los Alamos National Laboratory, informed the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that these people could have increased radiation exposure as a result of undergoing cardiac Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans several months earlier with rubidium Rb 82 chloride injection from CardioGen-82. We conducted a multistate investigation to assess the potential extent and magnitude of radioactive strontium overexposure among patients who had undergone Rb 82 PET scans. We selected a convenience sample of clinical sites in 4 states and reviewed records to identify eligible study participants, defined as people who had had an Rb 82 PET scan between February and July 2011. All participants received direct radiation screening using a radioisotope identifier able to detect the gamma energy specific for strontium-85 (514 keV) and urine bioassay for excreted radioactive strontium. We referred a subset of participants with direct radiation screening counts above background readings for whole body counting (WBC) using a rank ordering of direct radiation screening. The rank order list, from highest to lowest, was used to contact and offer voluntary enrollment for WBC. Of 308 participants, 292 (95%) had direct radiation screening results indistinguishable from background radiation measurements; 261 of 265 (98%) participants with sufficient urine for analysis had radioactive strontium results below minimum detectable activity. None of the 23 participants who underwent WBC demonstrated elevated strontium activity above levels associated with routine use of the rubidium Rb 82 generator. Among investigation participants, we did not identify evidence of strontium internal contamination above permissible levels. This investigation might serve as a model for future investigations of radioactive internal contamination incidents.
Assuntos
Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Radioisótopos de Rubídio , Estrôncio/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Radioisótopos de Rubídio/análise , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Objective was to estimate race-specific proportions of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) attributable to overweight and obesity in South Carolina. South Carolina birth certificate and hospital discharge data were obtained from 2004 to 2006. Women who did not have type 2 diabetes mellitus before pregnancy were classified with GDM if a diagnosis was reported in at least one data source. Relative risks (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals were calculated using the log-binomial model. The modified Mokdad equation was used to calculate population attributable fractions for overweight body mass index (BMI: 25.0-29.9 kg/m(2)), obese (30.0-34.9 kg/m(2)), and extremely obese (≥35 kg/m(2)) women after adjusting for age, gestational weight gain, education, marital status, parity, tobacco use, pre-pregnancy hypertension, and pregnancy hypertension. Overall, the adjusted RR of GDM was 1.6, 2.3, and 2.9 times higher among the overweight, obese, and extremely obese women compared to normal-weight women in South Carolina. RR of GDM for extremely obese women was higher among White (3.1) and Hispanic (3.4) women than that for Black women (2.6). The fraction of GDM cases attributable to extreme obesity was 14.0 % among White, 18.1 % among Black, and 9.6 % among Hispanic women. The fraction of GDM cases attributable to obesity was about 12 % for all racial groups. Being overweight (BMI: 25.0-29.9) explained 8.8, 7.8, and 14.4 % of GDM cases among White, Black, and Hispanic women, respectively. Results indicate a significantly increased risk of GDM among overweight, obese, and extremely obese women. The strength of the association and the proportion of GDM cases explained by excessive weight categories vary by racial/ethnic group.
Assuntos
Diabetes Gestacional/epidemiologia , Diabetes Gestacional/etiologia , Sobrepeso/complicações , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Negro ou Afro-Americano/estatística & dados numéricos , Declaração de Nascimento , Índice de Massa Corporal , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Registros Hospitalares , Humanos , Gravidez , Fatores de Risco , South Carolina/epidemiologia , População Branca/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence has increased dramatically in the United States since the early 1970s. Though T2DM is known to be associated with colorectal cancer (CRC), information on racial differences in the relationship between T2DM and CRC is limited. METHODS: Using a retrospective cohort design, we compared the association between T2DM and CRC, including subsites of the colon, in African Americans (AAs) and European Americans (EAs) in South Carolina, a region with large racial disparities in rates of both diseases. A total of 91,836 individuals who were ≥30 years old on 1 January 1990 and had ≥12 months of South Carolina Medicaid eligibility between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 1995 were included in the analyses. Cancer data from 1996 to 2007 included information on anatomic subsite. RESULTS: Subjects who had T2DM (n = 6,006) were >50 % more likely to be diagnosed with colon cancer compared to those without T2DM (n = 85,681). The association between T2DM and colon cancer was higher in AAs [odds ratio (OR) = 1.72 (95 % confidence interval: 1.21, 2.46); n = 47,984] than among EAs (OR = 1.24; 0.73, 2.11; n = 43,703). Overall, individuals with T2DM were over twice as likely to be diagnosed with in situ or local colon cancer (OR = 2.12; 1.40, 3.22; n = 191) compared to those without T2DM, with a higher likelihood among AAs (OR = 2.49; 1.52, 4.09; n = 113). CONCLUSIONS: Results from a Medicaid population in a high-risk region of the United States showed an increased likelihood of CRC with T2DM and suggest a racial disparity that disfavors AAs and provides further impetus for efforts aimed at diabetes prevention in this group.
Assuntos
Negro ou Afro-Americano/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias Colorretais/etnologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/etnologia , População Branca/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Neoplasias Colorretais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , South Carolina/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the differences in diet, physical activity, and weight status among children living in rural and urban America and to study the roles of obesity-related behaviors in residence-based differences in childhood obesity. METHODS: We performed cross-sectional analysis of the 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, restricted to 14,332 children aged 2-19 years old (2771 rural, 13,766 urban). Residence was measured at the census tract level using Rural-Urban Commuting Areas. Age-specific questions were used to assess physical activity, and the 24-hour diet recall was used to measure dietary intake. RESULTS: Among 2- to 11-year-olds, rural children consumed 90 more kcal/day on average than urban children (p < 0.05) and were more likely to consume the recommended two to three cups of dairy per day (p < 0.05). More 2- to 11-year-old rural children also reported participating in exercise five or more times per week than urban children of the same age (79.7% vs. 73.8%). Among 12- to 19-year-olds, rural children were less likely to consume any fruit or meet the recommendation of two cups of fruit. Using measured height and weight data, proportionately more rural than urban children were overweight/obese (35.4% v. 29.3%) and obese (18.6% v. 15.1%). Rural children had 30% higher odds of being overweight and/or obese even after adjustment for sociodemographics, health, diet, and exercise behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: The persistently higher odds of overweight and obesity among rural children even after adjustment suggest that rural environments may be "obesogenic" in ways that a person-level analysis cannot discern. Future research should examine disparities in the accessibility and affordability of healthy food and beverage choices and safe physical activity locales in rural areas.
Assuntos
Dieta , Exercício Físico , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Características de Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Bebidas/estatística & dados numéricos , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Computadores/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Laticínios/estatística & dados numéricos , Grão Comestível , Feminino , Frutas , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , National Center for Health Statistics, U.S. , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Obesidade/etiologia , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Pobreza/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Televisão/estatística & dados numéricos , Estados Unidos , Verduras , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Community-based participatory research (CBPR) initiatives such as the National Cancer Institute's Community Networks Program (CNP) (2005-2010) often emphasize training of junior investigators from underrepresented backgrounds to address health disparities. From July to October 2010, a convenience sample of 80 participants from the 25 CNP national sites completed our 45-item, web-based survey on the training and mentoring of junior investigators. This study assessed the academic productivity and CBPR-related experiences of the CNP junior investigators (n=37). Those from underrepresented backgrounds reported giving more presentations in non-academic settings (nine vs. four in the last 5 years, p=0.01), having more co-authored publications (eight vs. three in the last 5 years, p=0.01), and spending more time on CBPR-related activities than their non-underrepresented counterparts. Regardless of background, junior investigators shared similar levels of satisfaction with their mentors and CBPR experiences. This study provides support for the success of the CNP's training program, especially effort directed at underrepresented investigators.
Assuntos
Redes Comunitárias/organização & administração , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade/organização & administração , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Neoplasias/etnologia , Universidades/organização & administração , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Mentores , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Grupos Minoritários/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Chronic inflammation contributes to many prevalent diseases worldwide, and it is widely accepted that inflammatory molecules contribute to DNA damage. In this ancillary study, we investigated the influence of an encapsulated fruit and vegetable juice powder concentrate on peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) DNA damage. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled approach, subjects were randomly assigned capsules containing placebo, or one of two formulations of the juice powder. Blood was drawn at baseline and after 60 days of capsule consumption. We found DNA damage in isolated PBL is suppressed after consumption of the encapsulated juice powder, and damage was correlated with the level of systemic inflammation. These data suggest a potential health benefit by consuming the juice concentrate capsules through their ability to suppress DNA damage as measured in surrogate tissues (PBL).
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Bebidas , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Quimiocina CCL2/genética , Quimiocina CCL2/metabolismo , Doença Crônica , Método Duplo-Cego , Determinação de Ponto Final , Feminino , Seguimentos , Frutas , Humanos , Inflamação/terapia , Masculino , Micronutrientes/sangue , Superóxido Dismutase/efeitos dos fármacos , Verduras , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Chronic inflammation contributes to an increased risk for developing chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. A high "inflammatory load" is defined as elevated inflammation markers in blood or other tissues. We evaluated several markers of systemic inflammation from healthy adults and tested the hypothesis that two formulations of encapsulated fruit and vegetable juice powder concentrate with added berry powders (FVB) or without (FV) could impact markers of inflammatory load. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled approach, 117 subjects were randomly assigned to receive placebo, FV, or FVB capsules. Blood was drawn at baseline and after 60 d of capsule consumption. We measured inflammatory markers (high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein, Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1-ß, and Regulated upon Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted), superoxide dismutase, and micronutrients (ß-carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E). Results showed Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1-ß, and RANTES levels were significantly reduced and superoxide dismutase and micronutrient levels were significantly increased in subjects consuming both FV and FVB, relative to placebo. Data suggest a potential health benefit by consuming either formulation of the encapsulated juice concentrates through their anti-inflammatory properties.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides , Suplementos Nutricionais , Frutas/química , Mediadores da Inflamação/sangue , Verduras/química , Adulto , Ácido Ascórbico/sangue , Quimiocina CCL2/sangue , Quimiocina CCL4/sangue , Quimiocina CCL5/sangue , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Superóxido Dismutase/sangue , Vitamina E/sangue , Adulto Jovem , beta Caroteno/sangueRESUMO
Inflammation is associated with a number of chronic conditions, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Reducing inflammation may help prevent or treat these conditions. Diet has consistently been shown to modulate inflammation. To facilitate research into the inflammatory effect of diet on health in humans, we sought to develop and validate an Inflammatory Index designed to assess the inflammatory potential of individuals' diets. An Inflammatory Index was developed based on the results of an extensive literature search. Using data from a longitudinal observational study that carefully measured diet and the inflammatory marker, serum high-sensitivity (hs) C-reactive protein (CRP), in approximately 600 adults for 1 y, we conducted analyses to test the effect of Inflammatory Index score on hs-CRP as a continuous and dichotomous (