RESUMO
Following publication of the original article [1], the author reported that the two curves in the sub-diagram WSR4 in Fig. 2a should be the other way round.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Plant cell walls participate in all plant-environment interactions. Maintaining cell wall integrity (CWI) during these interactions is essential. This realization led to increased interest in CWI and resulted in knowledge regarding early perception and signalling mechanisms active during CWI maintenance. By contrast, knowledge regarding processes mediating changes in cell wall metabolism upon CWI impairment is very limited. RESULTS: To identify genes involved and to investigate their contributions to the processes we selected 23 genes with altered expression in response to CWI impairment and characterized the impact of T-DNA insertions in these genes on cell wall composition using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Insertions in 14 genes led to cell wall phenotypes detectable by FTIR. A detailed analysis of four genes found that their altered expression upon CWI impairment is dependent on THE1 activity, a key component of CWI maintenance. Phenotypic characterizations of insertion lines suggest that the four genes are required for particular aspects of CWI maintenance, cell wall composition or resistance to Plectosphaerella cucumerina infection in adult plants. CONCLUSION: Taken together, the results implicate the genes in responses to CWI impairment, cell wall metabolism and/or pathogen defence, thus identifying new molecular components and processes relevant for CWI maintenance.
Assuntos
Arabidopsis/genética , Parede Celular/metabolismo , Genes de Plantas/fisiologia , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/fisiologia , Ascomicetos , Parede Celular/fisiologia , Resistência à Doença/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas/genética , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Doenças das Plantas/imunologia , Plântula/metabolismo , Plântula/fisiologia , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de FourierRESUMO
Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer in the world, the main load-bearing element in plant cell walls, and represents a major sink for carbon fixed during photosynthesis. Previous work has shown that photosynthetic activity is partially regulated by carbohydrate sinks. However, the coordination of cellulose biosynthesis with carbohydrate metabolism and photosynthesis is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that cellulose biosynthesis inhibition (CBI) leads to reductions in transcript levels of genes involved in photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle, and starch degradation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings. In parallel, we show that CBI induces changes in carbohydrate distribution and influences Rubisco activase levels. We find that the effects of CBI on gene expression and carbohydrate metabolism can be neutralized by osmotic support in a concentration-dependent manner. However, osmotic support does not suppress CBI-induced metabolic changes in seedlings impaired in mechanoperception (mid1 complementing activity1 [mca1]) and osmoperception (cytokinin receptor1 [cre1]) or reactive oxygen species production (respiratory burst oxidase homolog DF [rbohDF]). These results show that carbohydrate metabolism is responsive to changes in cellulose biosynthesis activity and turgor pressure. The data suggest that MCA1, CRE1, and RBOHDF-derived reactive oxygen species are involved in the regulation of osmosensitive metabolic changes. The evidence presented here supports the notion that cellulose and carbohydrate metabolism may be coordinated via an osmosensitive mechanism.
Assuntos
Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos , Celulose/biossíntese , Arabidopsis/efeitos dos fármacos , Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Benzamidas/farmacologia , Sobrevivência Celular , Celulose/antagonistas & inibidores , Celulose/genética , Ativação Enzimática , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Genes de Plantas , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , NADPH Oxidases/genética , NADPH Oxidases/metabolismo , Pressão Osmótica , Fotossíntese , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Polietilenoglicóis/farmacologia , Proteínas Quinases/genética , Proteínas Quinases/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Receptores de Superfície Celular/genética , Receptores de Superfície Celular/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Water deficits trigger signaling cascades leading to modulation of protein expression in plant tissues. Identification of peanut leaf proteins regulated by water stress provides some insights of cellular and molecular response of peanut plants to drought stress. Peanut variety Khon Kaen 4, a water-stress sensitive variety, was grown in a growth chamber under controlled environment. Water stress was imposed on day 30 after seedling emergence by withholding watering peanut plants for 6 days as compared to plants adequately supplied with water. Total protein were prepared from a leaflet of fully expanded leaf on the main stem. Proteins were separated in duplicated gels using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and visualized by silver nitrate staining. Image analysis was performed using ImageMaster 2D Platinum 5.0 to determine proteins regulated by water stress. Molecular mass and isoelectric point of each regulated protein were used in database queries for protein identification. One protein was induced under water stress and the homologous protein was identified as Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP 1. Five proteins were down-regulated by water deficit. The homologous proteins were chaperone protein DNAJ, auxin-responsive protein IAA29, peroxidase 43, caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase and SNF1-related protein kinase regulatory subunit beta-2. Down-regulated proteins may be associated with sensitivity of the peanut variety to water stress.