From delay to diagnosis: Chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis presenting with facial and orbital complications.

Key Clinical Message: Early identification and management of chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (CIFRS) is key to optimizing outcomes. A missed diagnosis can result in permanent vision loss, chronic facial pain, or death. We present a case of CIFRS and literature review. Abstract: This case report presents a 56-year-old female with CIFRS involving orbital and facial complications. The patient experienced delayed diagnosis despite multiple ED visits for sinusitis with progressive facial pain and ocular deficits not alleviated with antibiotics, emphasizing the importance of early identification and maintaining high clinical suspicion for CIFRS. Prompt recognition, initiation of antifungal therapy, and aggressive surgical debridement were crucial for preventing disease progression and improving the patient's quality of life.

Mathematical modeling of molar tooth preparations for complete crowns.

OBJECTIVES: This study used both cone frustum and right truncated pyramids mathematical methods to evaluate and characterize molar tooth surface area. Previous mathematical modeling studies evaluated only the total surface area. We attempted to analyze both the top surface and lateral surface areas. METHODS: The computations were performed according to the published formulas. The vertical heights of both models were assigned to be 3 and 4mm and the horizontal base width chosen to be 9 and 10mm for both models. Three total occlusal convergences: 10 degrees , 15 degrees , and 20 degrees were selected to be the tested parameters. RESULTS: The calculated data revealed that the top surface area represented a relatively large proportion of the total surface area in both models. We also found that the effect of increasing the total occlusal convergence has a much greater effect on the overall top surface area than the lateral surface and total surface areas. CONCLUSIONS: The models previously used to report and compare surface areas of prepared natural teeth were found to be overestimating the overall surface area. More complex configurations including two-plane reductions, anatomy of cusps and retentive features such as slots and grooves need to be included in future modeling protocols.