RESUMO
As part of its role in the World Health Organization's (WHO) Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS), the WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza in Melbourne received a record total of 12,073 human influenza positive samples during 2022. Viruses were analysed for their antigenic, genetic and antiviral susceptibility properties. Selected viruses were propagated in qualified cells or embryonated hen's eggs for potential use in seasonal influenza virus vaccines. In 2022, influenza A(H3N2) viruses predominated over influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and B viruses, accounting for 77% of all viruses analysed. The majority of A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and influenza B viruses analysed at the Centre were found to be antigenically and genetically similar to the respective WHO recommended vaccine strains for the southern hemisphere in 2022. Of 3,372 samples tested for susceptibility to the neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir and zanamivir, two A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses showed highly reduced inhibition against oseltamivir.
Assuntos
Vírus da Influenza A , Vacinas contra Influenza , Influenza Humana , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Austrália/epidemiologia , Galinhas , Farmacorresistência Viral/genética , Farmacorresistência Viral/imunologia , Vírus da Influenza A/efeitos dos fármacos , Vírus da Influenza A/genética , Vírus da Influenza A/imunologia , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/genética , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2/genética , Vacinas contra Influenza/genética , Vacinas contra Influenza/imunologia , Vacinas contra Influenza/uso terapêutico , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/genética , Influenza Humana/imunologia , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Oseltamivir/farmacologia , Organização Mundial da Saúde , Zanamivir/farmacologia , Antivirais/farmacologiaRESUMO
Australia monitors its polio-free status by conducting surveillance for cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in children less than 15 years of age, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Cases of AFP in children are notified to the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit or the Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance System, and faecal specimens are referred for virological investigation to the National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory. In 2021, no cases of poliomyelitis were reported from clinical surveillance and Australia reported 1.31 non-polio AFP cases per 100,000 children, thereby meeting the WHO's performance criterion for a sensitive surveillance system. The non-polio enteroviruses coxsackievirus A4, coxsackievirus A10, coxsackievirus A13 and enterovirus A71 were identified from clinical specimens collected from AFP cases. Australia also performs enterovirus and environmental surveillance to complement the clinical system focussed on children. In 2021, there were five cases of wild poliovirus reported from the two remaining endemic countries: Afghanistan and Pakistan. Including Afghanistan and Pakistan, 22 countries also reported cases of AFP due to circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus.
Assuntos
Infecções por Enterovirus , Enterovirus , Poliomielite , Poliovirus , Adolescente , Criança , Humanos , Antígenos Virais , Austrália/epidemiologia , Notificação de Doenças , Infecções por Enterovirus/epidemiologia , FezesRESUMO
ABSTRACT: Australia monitors its polio-free status by conducting surveillance for cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in children less than 15 years of age, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Cases of AFP in children are notified to the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit or the Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance System and faecal specimens are referred for virological investigation to the National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory. In 2020, no cases of poliomyelitis were reported from clinical surveillance; Australia reported 1.09 non-polio AFP cases per 100,000 children, thereby meeting the WHO's performance criterion for a sensitive surveillance system. The non-polio enteroviruses coxsackievirus A10 and coxsackievirus A16 were identified from clinical specimens collected from AFP cases. Australia also performs enterovirus surveillance and environmental surveillance to complement the clinical system focussed on children. In 2020, there were 140 cases of wild poliovirus reported from the two remaining endemic countries: Afghanistan and Pakistan. Another 28 countries reported cases of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus.