Clinical description with magnetic resonance appearance of a high-grade undefined optic nerve glioma with intracranial extension.

A 4-year-old mixed-breed dog was presented for hyphema and glaucoma of the right eye. Enucleation of the right globe was carried out, and histopathology examination revealed an optic nerve glioma with incomplete surgical margins. At 8 wk after surgery, the dog had depressed mentation and a diminished pupillary light reflex of the left eye. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an irregular, heterogeneously T2 hyperintense/T1 isointense mass in the region of the optic chiasm. Compression of the rostral thalamus was present, with effacement of the pituitary gland and involvement of the right orbit. The dog was euthanized 4.5 mo after initial presentation. An undefined glioma of the right optic nerve with extension to the diencephalon was diagnosed on necropsy. Key clinical message: Although rare, intraocular glioma is a differential diagnosis for hyphema, glaucoma, and retinal detachment. Magnetic resonance imaging should be considered in cases of intraocular neoplasia, notably in those with incomplete surgical margins of the optic nerve.

Description clinique avec aspect en résonance magnétique d'un gliome indéfini de haut grade du nerf optique avec extension intracrânienne. Un chien de race croisé âgé de 4 ans a été présenté pour un hyphéma et un glaucome de l'œil droit. Une énucléation du globe droit a été réalisée et l'examen histopathologique a révélé un gliome du nerf optique aux marges chirurgicales incomplètes. Huit semaines après la chirurgie, le chien avait une diminution du processus mental et un réflexe pupillaire à la lumière diminué de l'œil gauche. L'imagerie par résonance magnétique a révélé une masse irrégulière hétérogène hyperintense T2/T1 isointense dans la région du chiasma optique. Une compression du thalamus rostral était présente, avec effacement de l'hypophyse et atteinte de l'orbite droite. Le chien a été euthanasié 4,5 mois après la présentation initiale. Un gliome indéfini du nerf optique droit avec extension au diencéphale a été diagnostiqué à l'autopsie.Message clinique clé:Bien que rare, le gliome intraoculaire est un diagnostic différentiel pour l'hyphéma, le glaucome et le décollement de la rétine. L'imagerie par résonance magnétique doit être envisagée en cas de néoplasie intraoculaire, notamment chez ceux dont les marges chirurgicales du nerf optique sont incomplètes.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

Prevalence, differences, and potential correlation to age, sex, breed, coat color, iris color, and geographic location in naturally occurring refractive errors in the normal equine eye from Germany and North Carolina.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the normal refractive state in horses in NCSU and ECMR and determine the prevalence of naturally occurring refractive errors and their association with breed, age, coat color, iris color, sex, and geographic location. METHODS: Horses from NCSU (January 2009-November 2012) and ECMR (January 2013-September 2016) underwent ophthalmic examination and streak retinoscopy. Location, color, breed, sex, and iris color were recorded. Gross and net refractive values for each meridian (horizontal and vertical), spherical refraction, astigmatism for both eyes, and anisometry were recorded, and statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS: There is excellent agreement in refraction between the eyes of the same horse (ICC = 0.89). The median net horizontal (H), vertical (V), and spherical refraction for the total population (n = 690) were H: +0.25 D (min. -6.50 D, max. +2.34 D), V: +0.25 D (min. -7.13 D, max. +2.75D), and spherical: +0.25 D (min. -6.82 D, max. +2.17 D), all with interquartile ranges of -0.25 to 0.25 D. Emmetropia (>-0.50 D and <+0.50 D; >-0.75 D and <+0.75 D) was present in 769/1380 eyes (55.7%) and 926/1380 eyes (67.1%), respectively. Anisometropia was present in 86/690 horses (12.5%). Sex, iris color, and location were significantly associated with refraction values, whereas age, breed, and coat color were not. CONCLUSIONS: Most eyes evaluated are emmetropic, or shifted myopically, with excellent agreement between eyes of the same horse. Sex, iris color, and geographic location appear to impact refraction in horses. SUPPORT: None.

Effects of corneoconjunctival transposition, posterior lamellar keratoplasty and modified deep lamellar endothelial keratoplasty on streak retinoscopy in equine cadaver eyes.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effects of corneoconjunctival transposition (CCT), posterior lamellar keratoplasty (PLK) and modified deep lamellar endothelial keratoplasty (DLEK) on streak retinoscopy in equine cadaver eyes. METHODS: Intraocular pressure (IOP) was maintained at 25 ± 3 mmHg in 35 equine cadaver eyes. Streak retinoscopy was performed prior to (NO VISCO) and following (VISCO) intracameral injection of 1.0 ml of viscoelastic. Following optical coherence tomography (OCT), an axial CCT [n = 11] or PLK [n = 12], or peripheral DLEK [n = 12] was performed. Streak retinoscopy and OCT were repeated postoperatively. RESULTS: Postsurgical net meridional and spherical refraction for CCT [Horizontal (H): 3.4 (95% CI 2.4-4.4) diopters (D), p < .001, Vertical (V): 3.5 (95% CI 2.7-4.4) D, p < .001, Spherical: 3.5 (95% CI 2.6-4.3) D, p < .001] and PLK [H: 3.2 (95% CI 2.2-4.1) D, p < .001, V: 2.8 (95% CI 2.0-3.6) D, p < .001, Spherical: 3.0 (95% CI 2.2-3.8) D, p < .001] were significantly increased from presurgical (VISCO) values. No difference between presurgical (VISCO) and postsurgical values were identified for the DLEK. Postoperative OCT revealed space between anterior and posterior corneal grafts and corneal undulation associated with suture placement. CONCLUSION: Meridional and spherical refraction had a hyperopic shift following CCT and PLK, with a significantly higher value in the vertical meridian for the CCT. Pre- and postoperative refraction was not significantly different for the DLEK. This supports that the DLEK has a lesser effect on immediate postoperative refraction compared with CCT or PLK.

Clinical findings associated with blunt ocular trauma in horses: a retrospective analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Identify ocular findings associated with blunt ocular trauma to aid in differentiation from other equine ocular diseases. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. METHODS: Medical records of horses at the Equine Clinic Munich-Riem, Munich, Germany and Auburn University, College of Veterinary Medicine were reviewed. Age, sex, breed, laterality, and clinical findings on ophthalmic examination, as well as an observed (confirmed) or unobserved (suspected) history of trauma, were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed to identify any correlation between clinical signs and blunt ocular trauma. Fifty-nine clinical signs were evaluated, and their association with blunt ocular trauma and non-traumatic uveitis was determined. The frequency of clinical signs associated with non-traumatic uveitis was also reported. RESULTS: Fifty-five eyes affected with blunt trauma were included. The comparison group consisted of 233 eyes (168 horses) diagnosed with non-traumatic uveitis. The most frequent ocular findings after BOT included cataract (36/55, 65.5%), corneal edema (26/55, 47.2%), decreased intraocular pressure (23/55, 41.8%), aqueous flare (19/55, 34.5%), lens subluxation, luxation, or lens loss (18/55, 32.7%), fibrin in the anterior chamber (18/55, 32.7%), hyphema (16/55, 29.1%), peripapillary depigmentation ("butterfly lesion") (16/55, 29.1%), conjunctival hyperemia (16/55, 29.1%), corneal fibrosis (15/55, 27.3%), corpora nigra avulsion (14/55, 25.5%), blepharospasm (13/55, 23.6%), and iridodialysis (11/55, 20.0%). CONCLUSIONS: The characteristic pattern of ocular signs associated with blunt ocular trauma may assist in differentiation from other types of uveitis and may improve interpretation of ocular lesions identified during pre-purchase examinations. This study also represents the first peer-reviewed documented and photographed cases of iridodialysis in the horse.

Canine retrobulbar lipoma excision through a ventral transpalpebral anterior orbitotomy.

A 5-year-old spayed female German shepherd dog was referred for diagnostic evaluation and treatment of progressive exophthalmos, conjunctival hyperemia, and protrusion of the third eyelid of the left eye. Computed tomography revealed a retrobulbar mass of the orbit, exhibiting radio attenuation consistent with adipose tissue and well-defined margins. No evidence of metastasis was detected on thoracic radiographs or abdominal ultrasound. Cytological evaluation of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirates was inconclusive. A ventral transpalpebral anterior orbitotomy approach facilitated excision of the abnormal retrobulbar tissue. Histopathology revealed mature adipose cells compatible with a lipoma. The patient regained normal appearance and function 3 months after surgery. Key clinical message: While rare, consider a lipoma as a differential diagnosis for a retrobulbar mass. The ventral transpalpebral orbitotomy has been described in only 3 cases in the veterinary literature, and this is the only known report of utilizing this approach for excision of a neoplastic condition.

Excision d'un lipome rétrobulbaire canin à travers une orbitotomie antérieure ventrale transpalpébrale. Une chienne Berger Allemand stérilisée âgée de 5 ans fut référée pour évaluation diagnostique et traitement d'exophtalmie progressive, d'hyperémie conjonctivale et de protrusion de la troisième paupière de l'oeil gauche. Un examen par tomodensitométrie révéla une masse rétrobulbaire de l'orbite, montrant de la radioatténuation compatible avec du tissu adipeux et des bordures bien définies. Aucune évidence de métastase ne fut détectée sur les radiographies thoraciques ou une échographie abdominale. Une évaluation cytologique d'aspirations écho-guidées à l'aiguille fine était non-concluante. Une orbitotomie antérieure par approche transpalpébrale ventrale facilita l'excision du tissu rétrobulbaire anormal. L'examen histopathologique mis en évidence des cellules adipeuses matures compatibles avec un lipome. Le patient retrouva une apparence et une fonction normales 3 mois après la chirurgie.Message clinique important :Bien que rare, un lipome doit être considéré comme un diagnostic différentiel lors de masse rétro-bulbaire. L'orbitotomie ventrale transpalpébrale a été décrite dans seulement trois cas dans la littérature vétérinaire, et le présent rapport est le seul connu utilisant cette approche pour l'excision d'une condition néoplasique.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

A perineal cystic hamartoma causing constipation in an intact female Irish water spaniel.

A perineal fluid-filled structure was discovered in a 6-year-old intact female Irish water spaniel suffering from intermittent constipation. Diagnostic tests revealed the structure was immediately caudal to the vagina and compatible with a cyst. Surgical excision was required for resolution of clinical signs. Histology confirmed the structure was a cyst. The exact origin is unknown; however, the variety of lining epithelia, including sections with mucin production, and a well-differentiated smooth muscle layer, were most consistent with development from the lower hindgut or urogenital sinus during embryonic growth. The histologic and anatomical similarities with human retrorectal cystic hamartomas were key in establishing the diagnosis of a perineal cystic hamartoma. Following removal, constipation resolved, and the cyst did not recur.

Hamartome kystique périnéal causant de la constipation chez une femelle intacte de race épagneul d'eau irlandais. Une structure périnéale remplie de liquide fut découverte chez une chienne intacte de race épagneul d'eau irlandais âgée de 6 ans souffrant de constipation intermittente. Les tests diagnostiques ont révélé que la structure était immédiatement caudale au vagin et était compatible avec un kyste. L'excision chirurgicale était requise pour la résolution des signes cliniques. L'histologie confirma que la structure était un kyste. L'origine exacte est inconnue; toutefois, la diversité de l'épithélium de couverture, incluant des sections avec production de mucine, et une couche bien différenciée de muscle lisse, étaient plus cohérentes avec un développement à partir du tractus digestif postérieur ou du sinus urogénital lors de la croissance embryonnaire. Les similarités histologique et anatomique avec l'hamartome rétro-rectal humain étaient critiques pour établir le diagnostic d'hamartome kystique périnéal. À la suite du retrait, la constipation s'est résolue, et il n'y a pas eu de récurrence du kyste.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).