Content of a wound care mobile application for newly graduated nurses: an e-Delphi study.

BACKGROUND: Wound care represents a considerable challenge, especially for newly graduated nurses. The development of a mobile application is envisioned to improve knowledge transfer and facilitate evidence-based practice. The aim of this study was to establish expert consensus on the initial content of the algorithm for a wound care mobile application for newly graduated nurses. METHODS: Experts participated in online surveys conducted in three rounds. Twenty-nine expert wound care nurses participated in the first round, and 25 participated in the two subsequent rounds. The first round, which was qualitative, included a mandatory open-ended question solicitating suggestions for items to be included in the mobile application. The responses underwent content analysis. The subsequent two rounds were quantitative, with experts being asked to rate their level of agreement on a 5-point Likert scale. These rounds were carried out iteratively, allowing experts to review their responses and see anonymized results from the previous round. We calculated the weighted kappa to determine the individual stability of responses within-subjects between the quantitative rounds. A consensus threshold of 80% was predetermined. RESULTS: In total, 80 items were divided into 6 categories based on the results of the first round. Of these, 75 (93.75%) achieved consensus during the two subsequent rounds. Notably, 5 items (6.25%) did not reach consensus. The items with the highest consensus related to the signs and symptoms of infection, pressure ulcers, and the essential elements for healing. Conversely, items such as toe pressure measurement, wounds around drains, and frostbite failed to achieve consensus. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study will inform the development of the initial content of the algorithm for a wound care mobile application. Expert participation and their insights on infection-related matters have the potential to support evidence-based wound care practice. Ongoing debates surround items without consensus. Finally, this study establishes expert wound care nurses' perspectives on the competencies anticipated from newly graduated nurses.

Pain care for children with cognitive impairment: A parent-nurse partnership.

PURPOSE: To explore nurses' experiences of establishing partnerships with parents for pain care of hospitalized children with cognitive impairment (CI) and identify related facilitators and barriers. DESIGN AND METHODS: In this qualitative, interpretive descriptive study, individual semi-structured interviews were conducted via videoconferencing with pediatric nurses from inpatient wards in a Canadian pediatric quaternary hospital. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using an inductive, data-driven thematic analysis approach. RESULTS: Eleven nurses were interviewed. The overarching theme was Assessing Pain as an Outsider: "A Complete Guessing Game". Seven major themes were identified.: Relying on Parent Expertise for Pain Assessment, Brainstorming with Parents for Pain Treatment, Supporting Parents as Advocates for Pain Care, Individualizing Pain Care with Parents, Involving the Child in Pain Care: A Spectrum, Barriers to Partnership in Pain Care and Facilitators to Partnership in Pain Care. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses described the many ways they involve parents as partners in pain care. However, nurses shared strong feelings of uncertainty associated with pain care in children with CI. Consequently, nurses felt the need to rely on parents for appropriately assessing and treating pain in children with CI. Findings highlighted the practice and education gaps that may contribute to nurses' uncertainty and reliance on parents. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: By identifying related practice and education gaps, healthcare organizations can implement strategies to further support nurses in establishing partnerships and potentially optimize pain care practices.

Interventions to improve nurse-family communication in the emergency department: A scoping review.

AIM: To determine and describe what interventions exist to improve nurse-family communication during the waiting period of an emergency department visit. BACKGROUND: Communication between nurses and families is an area needing improvement. Good communication can improve patient outcomes, satisfaction with care and decrease patient and family anxiety. DESIGN: Scoping Review. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institution methodology: (1) identify the research question, (2) define the inclusion criteria, (3) use a search strategy to identify relevant studies using a three-step approach, (4) select studies using a team approach, (5) data extraction, (6) data analysis, and (7) presentation of results. DATA SOURCES: Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsychInfo and grey literature were searched on 3 August 2022. RESULTS: The search yielded 1771 articles from the databases, of which 20 were included. An additional seven articles were included from the grey literature. Paediatric and adult interventions were found targeting staff and family of which the general recommendations were summarised into communication models. CONCLUSION: Future research should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of interventions using a standardised scale, understanding the specific needs of families, and exploring the communication models developed in this review. IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE: Communication models for triage nurses and all emergency department nurses were developed. These may guide nurses to improve their communication which will contribute to improving family satisfaction. REPORTING METHOD: PRISMA-ScR. TRIAL AND PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: Protocol has been registered with the Open Science Framework, registration number 10.17605/OSF.IO/ETSYB. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.

mHealth App Usability Questionnaire for Stand-Alone mHealth Apps Used by Health Care Providers: Canadian French Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation (Part 1).

BACKGROUND: An increasing number of health care professionals are using mobile apps. The mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ) was designed to evaluate the usability of mobile health apps by patients and providers. However, this questionnaire is not available in French. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to translate (from English to Canadian French), cross-culturally adapt, and initiate the validation of the original version of MAUQ for stand-alone mobile health apps used by French-speaking health care providers. METHODS: A cross-cultural research study using a well-established method was conducted to translate MAUQ to Canadian French by certified translators and subsequently review it with a translation committee. It was then back translated to English. The back translations were compared with the original by the members of the committee to reach consensus regarding the prefinal version. A pilot test of the prefinal version was conducted with a sample of 49 potential users and 10 experts for content validation. RESULTS: The statements are considered clear, with interrater agreement of 99.14% among potential users and 90% among experts. Of 21 statements, 5 (24%) did not exceed the 80% interrater agreement of the experts regarding clarity. Following the revisions, interrater agreement exceeded 80%. The content validity index of the items varied from 0.90 to 1, and the overall content validity index was 0.981. Individual Fleiss multirater κ of each item was between 0.89 and 1, showing excellent agreement and increasing confidence in the questionnaire's content validity. CONCLUSIONS: This process of translation and cultural adaptation produced a new version of MAUQ that was validated for later use among the Canadian French-speaking population. An upcoming separate study will investigate the psychometric properties of the adapted questionnaire.

Self-supporting wound care mobile applications for nurses: A scoping review.

AIM: This study provides an overview of the literature to identify and map the types of available evidence on self-supporting mobile applications used by nurses in wound care regarding their development, evaluation and outcomes for patients, nurses and the healthcare system. DESIGN: Scoping review. REVIEW METHOD: Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology was used. DATA SOURCES: A search was performed using MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL (via EBSCO), Web of Science, LiSSa (Littérature Scientifique en Santé), Cochrane Wounds, Érudit and grey literature, between April and October 2022, updated in April 2023, to identify literature published in English and French. RESULTS: Eleven studies from 14 publications met the inclusion criteria. Mostly descriptive, the included studies presented mobile applications that nurses used, among other things, to assess wounds and support clinical decision-making. The results described how nurses were iteratively involved in the process of developing and evaluating mobile applications using various methods such as pilot tests. The three outcomes most frequently reported by nurses were as follows: facilitating care, documentation on file and access to evidence-based data. CONCLUSION: The potential of mobile applications in wound care is within reach. Nurses are an indispensable player in the successful development of these tools. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND PATIENT CARE: If properly developed and evaluated, mobile applications for wound care could enhance nursing practices and improve patient care. The development of ethical digital competence must be ensured during initial training and continued throughout the professional journey. IMPACT: We identified a dearth of studies investigating applications that work without Internet access. More research is needed on the development of mobile applications in wound care and their possible impact on nursing practice in rural areas and the next generation of nurses. REPORTING METHOD: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Extension for Scoping Review guidelines were used. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.

Patient- and family-centred care transition interventions for adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs.

Although patient centredness is part of providing high-quality health care, little is known about the effectiveness of care transition interventions that involve patients and their families on readmissions to the hospital or emergency visits post-discharge. This systematic review (SR) aimed to examine the evidence on patient- and family-centred (PFC) care transition interventions and evaluate their effectiveness on adults' hospital readmissions and emergency department (ED) visits after discharge. Searches of Medline, CINAHL, and Embase databases were conducted from the earliest available online year of indexing up to and including 14 March 2021. The studies included: (i) were about care transitions (hospital to home) of ≥18-year-old patients; (ii) had components of patient-centred care and care transition frameworks; (iii) reported on one or more outcomes were among hospital readmissions and ED visits after discharge; and (iv) were cluster-, pilot- or randomized-controlled trials published in English or French. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were completed by two independent reviewers. A narrative synthesis was performed, and pooled odd ratios, standardized mean differences, and mean differences were calculated using a random-effects meta-analysis. Of the 10,021 citations screened, 50 trials were included in the SR and 44 were included in the meta-analyses. Care transition intervention types included health assessment, symptom and disease management, medication reconciliation, discharge planning, risk management, complication detection, and emotional support. Results showed that PFC care transition interventions significantly reduced the risk of hospital readmission rates compared to usual care [incident rate ratio (IRR), 0.86; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.75-0.98; I2 = 73%] regardless of time elapsed since discharge. However, these same interventions had minimal impact on the risk of ED visit rates compared to usual care group regardless of time passed after discharge (IRR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.85-1.18; I2 = 29%). PFC care transition interventions containing a greater number of patient-centred care (IRR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.57-0.94; I2 = 59%) and care transition components (IRR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.64-0.91; I2 = 4%) significantly decreased the risk of patients being readmitted. However, these interventions did not significantly increase the risk of patients visiting the ED after discharge (IRR, 1.54; CI 95%, 0.91-2.61). Future interventions should focus on patients' and families' values, beliefs, needs, preferences, race, age, gender, and social determinants of health to improve the quality of adults' care transitions.

Parent and clinician perceptions and recommendations on a pediatric cancer pain management app: A qualitative co-design study.

Pain is one of the most prevalent and burdensome pediatric cancer symptoms for young children and their families. A significant proportion of pain episodes are experienced in environments where management options are limited, including at home. Digital innovations such as apps may have positive impacts on pain outcomes for young children in these environments. Our overall aim is to co-design such an app and the objective of this study was to explore the perceptions of children's parents about app utility, needed system features, and challenges. We recruited parents of young children with cancer and multidisciplinary pediatric oncology clinicians from two pediatric cancer care centers to participate in audio-recorded, semi-structured, co-design interviews. We conducted interviews structured around technology acceptance and family caregiving theories until data saturation was reached. Audio-recordings were then transcribed, coded, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Forty-two participants took part in the process. Participants endorsed the concept of an app as a useful, safe, and convenient way to engage caregivers in managing their young child's pain. Overall, the app was valued as a means to provide real-time, multimodal informational and procedural pain support to parents, while also reducing the emotional burden of pain care. Recommendations for intervention design included accessibility-focused features, comprehensive symptom tracking, and embedded scientific- and clinically-sound symptom assessments and management advice. Predicted challenges to app use included the workload burden it may place on parents and clinicians. The insights gathered will inform the design principles of our future childhood cancer pain digital research.

The Experience of Families Accompanying a Senior to the Emergency Department: A Scoping Review.

INTRODUCTION: Seniors are often accompanied by a family member to the emergency department. Families advocate for their needs and contribute to the continuity of care. However, they often feel excluded from care. To improve the quality and safety of care for seniors, it is necessary to consider the experience of families in the emergency department. The aim was to identify and synthesize the available scientific literature dealing with the experience of families accompanying a senior to the emergency department. To identify and synthesize the available scientific literature dealing with the experience of families accompanying a senior to the emergency department. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley framework. Six databases were targeted. A description of the identified scientific literature and an inductive content analysis were performed. RESULTS: Of the 3082 articles retrieved, 19 met the inclusion criteria. Most articles (89%) were published since 2010, were from nursing (63%), and used a qualitative research design (79%). The content analysis identified 4 main categories related to the experience of families accompanying a senior to the emergency department: (1) process leading to the emergency department, families feel uncertainty and ambiguity with the decision to go to the emergency department; (2) staying in the emergency department, families' experiences are influenced by the triage, the ED environment, and the interactions with ED personnel; (3) discharge from the emergency department, families consider that they should be part of the discharge planning; and (4) recommendations and possible solutions, there is a paucity of recommendations specifically focused on families. DISCUSSION: The experience of families of seniors in the emergency department is multifactorial and part of a trajectory of care and health services.

Mutuality in nurse-caregiver relationships in pediatric nursing: A concept analysis.

PROBLEM: Mutuality is often used in literature in the context of family-centered care and therapeutic relationship building. A therapeutic relationship is necessary to deliver family-centered care, strengthen family health and function, increase patient and family satisfaction, reduce anxiety, and empower decision-makers. Despite mutuality being such an important concept, it is not well defined in the literature. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: The Walker and Avant method for concept analysis was used. The databases Medline, PSYCHInfo, CINHAL and Nursing & Allied Health were searched for texts in English from 1997 to 2021 using specific search terms. SAMPLE: Of the 248 results, 191 articles were screened and 48 met inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Mutuality was found to be a process of dynamic reciprocity whereby the partners contribute uniquely to their shared goals, values, or purposes. CONCLUSION: Mutuality is an important aspect of family-centered care and is used throughout nursing and advanced nursing practice. IMPLICATIONS: The concept of mutuality should be incorporated into family-centered care policies, as without it, family-centered care cannot be established. Further research should be done to develop methods or educational techniques to establish and maintain mutuality in advanced nursing practice.

Self-supporting wound care mobile applications for nurses: A scoping review protocol.

AIM: Mobile health (mHealth) is playing an increasingly important role in the computerization of wound care on an international scale with an aim to improve care. The aim of this scoping review protocol is to present a transparent process for how we plan to search and review the existing evidence related to self-supporting mobile wound care applications used by nurses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. An exploratory search was performed using MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, CINAHL (Ebsco), to identify concepts, keywords, MeSH terms, and headings to identify study types looking for mobile applications in wound care. The findings of this search will determine the final search strategy. Data sources will include MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, LiSSa, Cochrane Wounds (Cochrane Library) and Erudit. The titles and abstracts of the identified articles will be screened independently by two authors for relevance. Full texts will also be screened by two independent reviewers and data extraction will be performed in accordance with a pre-designed extraction form. All types of studies and literature linked to self-supporting mobile wound care application used by nurses will be included (quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods and grey literature). CONCLUSION: The results of the scoping review will give an overview of the existing self-supporting mobile applications in wound care used by nurses. These will also help to identify the existing applications, and describe knowledge in nursing about their utilisation, development, and evaluation, as well as synthesize the available literature on their impacts.

Evaluating the French version of an online training course for a pediatric pain assessment scale / Évaluation de la version française d'une formation en ligne sur l'appropriation d'une échelle d'évaluation de la douleur pédiatrique

Context: There is no French-language training to educate nurses on the use of the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) pain scale, whose scores guide the treatment of pediatric pain. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate a French online training program for the FLACC scale offered to Francophone undergraduate nursing students. Methods: Online training was offered to nursing students enrolled in a pediatric nursing course. Participants completed online questionnaires pre- and post-training to assess their perception of their knowledge and confidence, the accuracy of their pain assessment scores, as well as the usefulness and user-friendliness of the training. Results: The FLACC online training improved students' perceived knowledge (p = 0.0004) and confidence (p = 0.0053) in the FLACC pediatric pain scale. Students' accuracy of severe pain assessment scores significantly improved (p = 0.0159) and slightly improved for moderate pain (p = 0.6363). However, accuracy for mild pain assessment was slightly decreased post-training (p = 0.7686). Discussion: An improvement of the quality of videos linked to mild pain, and the quantity of videos for all levels of pain, is required for this study to be replicated among a larger sample. Conclusion: The online training fills the gap in nurses' lack of knowledge about the use of the FLACC pain scale and improves access to quality training in French.

Contexte: Il n'existe aucune formation pour éduquer les infirmières quant à l'utilisation de l'échelle d'évaluation de la douleur pédiatrique Faces-Legs-Activity-Cry-Consolability (FLACC), dont les scores obtenus guident le traitement adéquat de la douleur. Objectif: Cette étude visait à évaluer une formation en ligne portant sur l'échelle FLACC. Méthode: La formation a été offerte aux étudiantes inscrites à un cours de soins infirmiers pédiatriques offert lors de la 3e année du baccalauréat en sciences infirmières. Les participantes ont rempli des questionnaires en ligne avant et après la formation afin d'évaluer leur perception quant à leurs connaissances et leur confiance, l'exactitude de leurs scores d'évaluation de la douleur, ainsi que l'utilité et la fonctionnalité de la formation. Résultats: La formation augmente les connaissances (p = 0,0004) et la confiance (p = 0,0053), selon les participantes. Elle améliore l'exactitude des scores de l'évaluation de la douleur sévère des étudiantes (p = 0,0159) et celle des scores de douleur modérée (p = 0,6363), mais diminue l'exactitude de leurs scores de douleur faible (p = 0,7686). Discussion: La qualité des vidéos reliées à la douleur faible et la quantité des vidéos pour tous les niveaux de douleur devront être améliorées. Conclusion: La formation rehausse l'éducation quant à l'utilisation appropriée de l'échelle FLACC et accroît le nombre de formations de qualité en français.

Exploring Parental Decision Making for a Child With a Life-Limiting Condition: An Interpretive Description Study.

The purpose of this study was to explore parents' and health care professionals' perception of parents' experiences in making decisions between acute and palliative therapies along the trajectory of their child's life-limiting condition. An interpretive description qualitative study was conducted. Semistructured interviews were completed with 6 parents and 6 health care professionals. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to identify, analyze, and report 4 themes: (1) "Going by your heart and gut": the process of making a unique decision; (2) "Not black and white": experiencing decisional conflict when making difficult decisions; (3) "Widening the circle of care": various sources of decision-making support; and (4) "Always a worry": concerns regarding parents' decision quality and outcomes. Parents described experiencing decisional conflict when making health care decisions for their child with a life-limiting condition. Decision support provided by health care professionals in an interprofessional manner was preferred and supplemented by a parent-based support network. Reassurance regarding their good parenting from health care professionals was described as supportive throughout the decision-making experience.

NCLEX-RN© preparation resources available online in French: An integrative review.

AIM: This review describes the availability of online French NCLEX-RN© preparation resources for candidates BACKGROUND: One entry to practice requirement for Canadian nurses is to successfully pass a licensing exam upon graduation from their educational program. In 2015, the American NCLEX-RN© replaced the Canadian entry to practice licensing examination which was offered in Canada's two official languages: English and French. The NCLEX-RN© was developed in English and later translated to French. Since its implementation, Francophone candidates and educators in Canada have reported a lack of preparatory resources available in their language and have had substantial lower NCLEX-RN© pass rates, consistently below 50% METHODS: An integrative review using Whittemore and Knafl's framework was conducted between February and May 2019, and updated in September 2020, through online searches of CINAHL, PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases. Grey literature was included from 2012 onwards. Results are presented narratively. RESULTS: A total of 17 French language preparatory resources were found. These resources were categorised into four main groups: (1) What is the NCLEX-RN© ?; (2) What do I need to do prior to writing the NCLEX-RN© ?; (3) What is assessed through the NCLEX-RN© ? and finally, (4) How can I practice before taking the NCLEX-RN© ? CONCLUSION: Limited French-language NCLEX-RN© preparatory resources exist for Francophone candidates. Furthermore, practice questions in French are few compared to what is available in English IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND NURSING POLICY: Other countries may consider implementing an entry to practice exam such as the NCLEX-RN© because of its availability in both the French and English language, as well as the possibility of translating the exam to other languages, creating a potential market for this test around the globe. The lack of preparatory resources in French is a major concern to Francophone candidates undertaking such a high-stakes examination in their language. Nursing stakeholders and policy leaders should acknowledge that such gaps place Francophone writers in a disadvantaged position in comparison to their Anglophone counterparts.

An exploration of nursing students' and clinical instructors' perceptions of patient and parent involvement in the assessment of nursing students during pediatric clinical placements: A qualitative study.

AIM: Clinical instructors are typically the sole assessors of nursing students completing their pediatric clinical placement in Canadian children's hospitals, as per their educational institution's assessment criteria and learning objectives. The purpose of this study was to explore nursing students' and clinical instructors' perceptions of and experiences with involving pediatric patients and parents in assessing nursing students during their pediatric clinical placement. DESIGN: We conducted a qualitative descriptive study. METHODS: We completed semi-structured interviews with fourth-year nursing students and pediatric clinical instructors from a University located in a city in central-eastern Canada. We used qualitative content analysis to analyze the data. RESULTS: We found that students and instructors perceived patient and parent involvement in the assessment of nursing students' clinical practice as beneficial for patients, parents, students and instructors. Students and instructors believed patients and parents could contribute to assessing students' communication and therapeutic relationship skills. However, we identified potential challenges including patients' and parents' lack of knowledge regarding nursing skills, as well as added stress for students and parents. CONCLUSION: Future studies should focus on ways of overcoming these challenges before implementing this novel assessment process.

Home-Based Pediatric Cancer Care: Perspectives and Improvement Suggestions From Children, Family Caregivers, and Clinicians.

PURPOSE: Although the hospital remains the dominant site for delivering most pediatric cancer care, home-based care is increasingly provided. To effectively deliver comprehensive, relevant, and acceptable care in children's homes, the voices of these key informants must be considered. We examined the views of children with cancer, their family caregivers, and clinicians on home-based cancer care to identify necessary strategies to improve the delivery of care. METHODS: Children with cancer, their family caregivers, and multiprofessional clinicians who provide care at a tertiary pediatric care center or in the community participated in audio-recorded, semistructured interviews in French and English. Interviews were conducted until data saturation in each participant group was achieved. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Thirteen children, 20 family caregivers, and 22 clinicians participated. Home-based care was endorsed as a means to improve child health-, family social- and financial-, and system-level outcomes. The success of a home-based model is built on care that addresses child and family informational, treatment and care, material, and psychosocial needs. Mechanisms to improve care include enhanced homecare agency-hospital-family communication, training for homecare nurses in pediatric cancer care, virtual solutions, and an expanded breadth of services provided in-home. Child-, family-, and system-related factors affect the delivery of optimal home-based care. CONCLUSION: Children, families, and clinicians value a model of pediatric cancer care that incorporates home-based services. The insights of these key informants should be reflected in the principles that become the basis of home-based cancer care best practices.

Effectiveness of person- and family-centred care transition interventions on patient- oriented outcomes: A systematic review.

AIM: The aim was to critically analyse the body of evidence regarding the effectiveness of PFCC transition interventions on the quality of care and the experience of patients. DESIGN: We conducted a systematic review using the Cochrane Handbook's guidelines and adhered to a standardized reporting format: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). METHODS: Four databases and grey literature were searched. Following a two-step screening process, data from the eligible studies were extracted. Risk of bias and quality of the studies were also assessed. Narrative synthesis and vote counting were used for the data analysis. RESULTS: A total of 28 articles met our inclusion criteria. Interventions varied in regards to the extent of the PFCC focus and the comprehensiveness of the transition of care. Educating patients to promote self-management was the most commonly included component and it was described in all 28 interventions.

Patients' and parents' perspectives of and experiences with assessing nursing students' paediatric clinical practice.

PURPOSE: To explore patients' and parents' involvement in the formative assessment of undergraduate nursing students' paediatric clinical practice. METHODS: We conducted semi-structured interviews with paediatric patients between 14 to 18 years old and parents who received care from a nursing student while admitted to a paediatric tertiary care hospital in Canada. We analysed the data using qualitative content analysis as well as Lincoln and Guba's criteria for establishing trustworthiness. The Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies (COREQ) checklist was completed for the quality appraisal of this article. FINDINGS: Three categories emerged from the data: 1) how patients and parents are currently involved in the formative assessment of nursing students' paediatric clinical practice; 2) how patients and parents would prefer to be involved in the formative assessment of nursing students' paediatric clinical practice; and 3) the potential benefits and challenges of involving patients and parents in the formative assessment of nursing students' paediatric clinical practice. CONCLUSION: This study provided an understanding of patients' and parents' past encounters with nursing students and the elements of care that they have assessed as well as those that they would prefer to assess and provide feedback on, while considering the potential benefits and challenges of their involvement. The findings of this study will assist clinical instructors in determining how and when to involve patients and parents in the assessment of nursing students. Academic institutions offering nursing programmes should consider the study findings when improving or changing formative assessment strategies.

Adolescent Patients' Management of Postoperative Pain after Discharge: A Qualitative Study.

BACKGROUND: Adolescents are typically admitted for a short period of time after inpatient surgery, leaving much of their recovery to occur at home. Pain, and thus pain management, is a major component of recovery at home. Research among pediatric outpatient surgical patients has found that pain experienced in the community setting after discharge is often severe and is related to knowledge deficits resulting in inadequate pain management. However, there is little research on community pain management after inpatient surgery. AIM: This study aimed to explore the pain experiences of seven adolescents who underwent inpatient surgery. DESIGN: This study used Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis as a methodology. SETTING: This study took place at a pediatric tertiary care hospital in Canada. PARTICIPANTS: 7 adolescents participated, all of whom underwent inpatient surgery with admission between 2-14 days in length. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted 2 to 6 weeks post-discharge. RESULTS: Three themes were identified that described their experiences, including managing severe pain at home with minimal preparation, changes in the parent-child relationship, and difficulties returning to school and regular activities. CONCLUSIONS: Involving adolescents directly in discharge education, particularly with the use of novel interventions and coaching, may improve outcomes. KEY PRACTICE POINTS: Adolescent patients experience significant pain after discharge from hospital after inpatient surgical procedures. Adolescents are in need of adolescent-specific pain management education to increase skill and knowledge and address pain management-related misconceptions. Greater emphasis on involving adolescents in their own pain care and novel intervention could prove useful in improving outcomes.

The Ottawa model for nursing curriculum renewal: An integrative review.

BACKGROUND: High-quality and relevant nursing education is needed to ensure graduates meet entry to practice competencies. Despite the important role of curricula in the development of nurses and the nursing profession, there does not appear to be a consistent or widely accepted approach to nursing curriculum renewal. OBJECTIVE: To identify and synthesize existing curriculum renewal/redesign practices, create an aggregated logic model depicting an evidence-informed process for nursing curriculum renewal, and stimulate dialogue about how to keep nursing curricula relevant in an ever-changing healthcare context. DESIGN: An integrative review, modeled on the Joanna Briggs Methodology of Systematic Reviews, of the available published articles, including empirical research and discussion articles. DATA SOURCES: We searched for quantitative, qualitative, and non-research literature (English and French) on full nursing programs or curriculum revisions for pre-licensure nursing students enrolled in an undergraduate or associate degree program. Databases included CINAHL, Nursing and Allied Health, and Medline from January 2010 to January 2017. We then did a hand search for articles from January 2017 to April 2019. SYNTHESIS: Extracted data were synthesized into an aggregated logic model based on Yin's method of cross-case analysis. Data included information about the internal context, the external context, drivers, the preparatory phase, the active phase, outcomes, and evaluation methods of the described curriculum renewal process. RESULTS: Twenty articles were included, which were published between 2010 and 2018. The resulting logic model, The Ottawa Model for Nursing Curriculum Renewal, includes information on the context, process and outcomes of the renewal process, and how and when to evaluate curricula. CONCLUSION: This synthesis aids in defining the process of curriculum renewal for undergraduate nursing education. It stimulates systems level thinking and reveals gaps, such as the need for further research into curriculum evaluation. The Ottawa Model for Nursing Curriculum Renewal is a usable template to aid educators undertaking their own process of curriculum renewal.

Parents' management of adolescent patients' postoperative pain after discharge: A qualitative study.

Background: Short hospital admission periods following pediatric inpatient surgery leave parents responsible for managing their child's postoperative pain in the community following discharge. Little is known about the experiences of parents caring for their child's postoperative pain after discharge home following inpatient surgery. Research examining parental postoperative pain management following their child's day surgery has found that parents are challenged in their pain management knowledge and practices. Aims: This interpretative phenomenological analysis study sought to understand parents' experiences caring for their child's postoperative pain at home. Methods: Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with seven parents between 2 weeks and 6 months after their child's discharge from hospital. Results: Identified themes were coming home without support, managing significant pain at home, and changes in the parent-child relationship. Conclusions: Parents could potentially benefit from nurses optimizing educational interventions, from receiving ongoing support of transitional pain teams, and from assistance with return to school planning.

Contexte: Les courtes périodes d'hospitalisation après une chirurgie pédiatrique en milieu hospitalier laissent les parents responsables de la prise en charge de la douleur postopératoire de leur enfant dans la communauté après son congé. On sait peu de choses sur les expériences des parents qui s'occupent de la douleur postopératoire de leur enfant après leur retour à la maison suite à une chirurgie en milieu hospitalier. La recherche portant sur la prise en charge de la douleur postopératoire par les parents suite à la chirurgie d'un jour de leur enfant a révélé que les parents font face à des difficultés en ce qui concerne leurs connaissances et leurs pratiques en matière de prise en charge de la douleur.Objectifs: Cette étude d'analyse phénoménologique interprétative visait à comprendre l'expérience des parents qui s'occupent de la douleur postopératoire de leur enfant à la maison.Méthode: Des entretiens téléphoniques semi-structurés ont été menés avec sept parents entre deux semaines et six mois après la sortie de l'hôpital de leur enfant.Résultats: Les thèmes recensés ont été le retour à la maison sans soutien, la prise en charge d'une douleur importante à la maison et les changements dans la relation parent-enfant.Conclusions: Les parents pourraient potentiellement bénéficier de l'optimisation des interventions éducatives par des infirmières, d'un soutien continu de la part des équipes de la douleur transitoire et d'une aide à la planification du retour à l'école.