Do dietary patterns and morbidities have a relationship with primary infertility among women? A study from NFHS-4 (2015-16), India.

This study assessed the rate of primary infertility and its associated factors among 402,807 currently married women aged 20-49 years in India using National Family Health Survey-4 data collected in 2015-2016. Dietary patterns and selected morbidities were included as independent variables, and socioeconomic variables were considered as covariates. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were done to estimate the prevalence of primary infertility and assess its association with the selected variables, respectively. The rate of primary infertility among currently married women in India in 2015-16 was 1.9% and this was significantly associated with younger age (<35 years), higher age at marriage (≥18 years), urban residence, higher secondary or above education and poverty. The consumption of dairy products (OR = 0.79, CI = 0.73-0.86), dark green leafy vegetables (OR = 0.57, CI = 0.39-0.81) and fruit (OR = 0.88, CI = 0.77-1.01) significantly reduced the odds of primary infertility. Daily consumption of fish and aerated drinks was related to 1.06-1.21 times higher odds of primary infertility. Overweight/obesity, high blood pressure and high blood glucose levels were associated with 1.08-1.21 times elevated odds of primary infertility. Thyroid disorder (OR = 1.38, CI = 1.21-1.60), heart disease (OR = 1.17, CI = 1.16-1.19) and severe anaemia (OR = 1.24, CI = 1.00-1.53) were associated with an increased likelihood of primary infertility among women (OR 1.17-1.39, CI 1.00-1.60). The findings provide compelling evidence that primary infertility among women is related to dietary patterns and morbidities. Interventions and programmes targeting the promotion of healthy diets and lifestyles could be beneficial in addressing the issue of primary infertility among women.

Self-care, Household Cleaning and Disinfection During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study from Metropolitan Cities of India.

Hygiene has been noticed as one of the most effective procedures against COVID-19 cross-transmission, especially hand hygiene and covering the face with the mask. Therefore, this study tried to peek into the people movements and seeks to understand how people are handling their daily use items like fruits and vegetables, how people are managing unavoidable grooming services, how people are disinfecting themselves after coming from outside, and what all hygienic practices they are following during this pandemic. Furthermore, this study attempts to explore ways through which people are disinfecting their houses. At last, the study seeks to explore the knowledge/information people have about Coronavirus. The study collected primary data through a self-administered questionnaire. A quota sampling technique was used to collect the data. Bivariate analysis was carried out to reach the study findings. Based on the findings, it is the need of the hour to disseminate the information on the use of unhealthy disinfectants as they lack the knowledge about the safe use of various types of cleaners and disinfectants. It is also reiterated that there is an urgency to promote further information on risk factors of Coronavirus among people and compulsion to promote healthy hand hygiene and sanitation practices. There is a need to promote information through mass media and other modes of awareness, such as artwork and announcements.

Age, period and birth cohort effects on prevalence of obesity among reproductive-age women in India.

•Cohort effect shows that obesity for recent cohort has narrowed down.•Our study shows as age increases the risk of obesity also increases.•Cohort relative risk is higher among women in rural area than women in urban area.