Concurrent hollow and visceral organs traumatic injury secondary to metal shrapnel penetration in a male with situs inversus totalis: A case report.

Situs inversus totalis (SIT) develops as a result of the embryological developmental anomaly. Managing this condition surgically is challenging as the anatomy will be mirror-imaged. A 42-year-old male had metal shrapnel broken loose from a hammer-head metal piece and pierced into his upper abdomen. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed SIT with evidence of solid foreign body artefacts which were seen piercing through segment VIII of the liver and the anterior gastric wall. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a moderate amount of haemoperitoneum and a single perforation at the upper body of the stomach that was confirmed by on-table-endoscopy. The perforation was repaired with a modified Graham patch and the liver injury had stopped bleeding intraoperatively. The challenges arose during laparotomy assessment and endoscopic assessment due to inversed anatomy.

Colorectal cancer and potential predictors of never screened for faecal occult blood test: a narrative review.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major public health threat. Therefore, CRC screening uptake has been a focus with the established precancerous lesion and the strong association of early detection with staging and survival of the disease. However, CRC screening is relatively low in many countries. This article briefly discussed the current situation of CRC, recommendations, and current uptake of CRC screening in various countries. Besides that, this article also highlights the potential factors that help to predict the CRC screening uptake worldwide. Identification of those factors could guide policymakers to develop an effective strategy to improve the CRC screening uptake and ultimately improve the health outcome of the population.

Supraclinoid direct carotid-cavernous sinus fistula.

Carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) are vascular shunts between the carotid arterial system with direct drainage into the cerebral venous system, mainly to the cavernous sinus. Direct CCF is a well-recognised complication following head trauma. Classically in direct or traumatic CCF, vessel wall tear occurs at the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery, between the fixed and free segment. Tears at the supraclinoid segment are rare. We report a case of an internal carotid artery supraclinoid segment pseudoaneurysm, with a direct communication with the cavernous sinus, draining into the superior ophthalmic vein.