Large-scale networks underlie cognitive insight differs between untreated adolescents ongoing their first schizophrenic episode and their reference non-schizophrenic mates.

Objectives: Cognitive insight (CI), the ability to perceive erroneous beliefs and correcting them based on safe experiences, is a common cognitive manifestation among schizophrenic individuals. Even though the functional morphology of the default mode network (DMN), the central executive network (CEN) and the salience network (SN) differs between non-schizophrenic and schizophrenic individuals, it is unclear whether such differences are already in place by the first schizophrenic episode. Methods: Forty-two adolescents, including twenty-one AOS subjects was recruited, and performed independent component analysis (ICA) on resting-state fMRI data to explore alterations in the three networks in schizophrenia and the association of network changes with Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS) scores. Results: Compared to the non-schizophrenic group, the AOS group showed hyper-connectivity in the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and hypo-connectivity in the right parahippocampal gyrus within the DMN; hypo-connectivity in the dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) and supplementary motor area (SMA) within the SN were also detected in AOS individuals. CI subscores were positively correlated with functional connectivity (FC) in the right parahippocampal gyrus. Conclusions: The correlations reported here suggest that increased DMN connectivity in the right parahippocampal gyrus might be an early neural correlate of reduced cognitive insight in a number, but not all, adolescent untreated individuals ongoing their first schizophrenic episode.

Relationship Between Depression After Hemorrhagic Stroke and Auditory Event-Related Potentials in a Chinese Patient Group.

Purpose: Post-stroke depression (PSD) is the most common psychiatric sequelae of stroke. Numerous studies revealed that event-related potentials (ERP) can reflect depression severity to a certain extent, while there is almost no research on depression after hemorrhagic stroke. Therefore, we employed a prospective cross-sectional study to explore the relationship between ERP and depression after hemorrhagic stroke. Methods: A total of 74 patients with intracranial hemorrhage were included in this study. Neurological deficits were evaluated using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) on admission. Depression severity and cognitive impairment were measured using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) and the Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) after two weeks of treatment. All patients were conducted auditory Oddball paradigm for event-related potential mismatch negativity (MMN) and P300. Results: In total, 36 patients were diagnosed with PSD at the two weeks of treatment, for a percentage of 48.6%. Depression severity of ICH patients correlated positively with both the latency of MMN (r = 0.376, P = 0.001) and P300 (r = 0.325, P = 0.005), and correlated negatively with both the amplitude of MMN (r=-0.385, P = 0.001) and P300 (r=-0.311, P = 0.007). Depression severity was negatively correlated with cognitive function after hemorrhagic stroke (r=-0.347, P = 0.002). Conclusion: The latency and amplitude of MMN and P300 can well reflect the degree of depression after hemorrhagic stroke, which may help in the early diagnosis and effective treatment of PSD.