Nanosensitizer-mediated unique dynamic therapy tactics for effective inhibition of deep tumors.

X-ray and ultrasound waves are widely employed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in clinic. Recently, they have been demonstrated to be ideal excitation sources that activate sensitizers for the dynamic therapy of deep-seated tumors due to their excellent tissue penetration. Here, we focused on the recent progress in five years in the unique dynamic therapy strategies for the effective inhibition of deep tumors that activated by X-ray and ultrasound waves. The concepts, mechanisms, and typical nanosensitizers used as energy transducers are described as well as their applications in oncology. The future developments and potential challenges are also discussed. These unique therapeutic methods are expected to be developed as depth-independent, minimally invasive, and multifunctional strategies for the clinic treatment of various deep malignancies.

Fe-Coordinated Carbon Nanozyme Dots as Peroxidase-Like Nanozymes and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents.

The catalytic activities of currently developed peroxidase-mimic nanozymes are generally limited. Therefore, further efforts are still needed to improve the catalytic performance of peroxidase nanozymes. Herein, we synthesized Fe-coordinated carbon nanozyme dots (Fe-CDs) that can serve as both efficient peroxidase nanozymes and T2-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. The intrinsic peroxidase-like activity of the Fe-CDs was explored by catalytic oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The product showed better performance over natural horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and other mimetic peroxidases. Quantification of glucose and ascorbic acid detection showed that this nanozyme could be used to detect a minimum limit as low as 5 µM glucose. Moreover, the colorimetric detection technique was used to detect serum glucose in mice, and the detection result was comparable with autobiochemistry analyzer results using a glucose assay kit. Furthermore, the Fe-CDs showed good magnetism properties and provided promising MR imaging of tumors with excellent biocompatibility.