The potential therapeutic roles of dental pulp stem cells in spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to serious functional disorders, which have serious impacts on patients and society. The current traditional treatments of SCI are not effective the injured spinal cord is difficult to repair and regenerate. In recent years, stem cell transplantation for the treatment of SCI has been a hot research topic. Dental pulp stem cells have strong abilities of self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation, and have been applied for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. And dental pulp stem cells have certain advantages in neuro-regenetation, bringing new hope to biotherapy for SCI. This article reviews the characteristics of dental pulp stem cells and their research progress in the treatment of SCI.

High-voltage pulsed radiofrequency improves ultrastructure of DRG and enhances spinal microglial autophagy to ameliorate neuropathic pain induced by SNI.

Neuropathic pain (NeP) is intractable for which many therapies are ineffective. High-voltage pulsed radiofrequency (HVPRF) on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is considered an effective treatment for NeP. The aim of this study is to explore the therapeutic voltage for the optimal efficacy of PRF and the underlying mechanisms. The radiofrequency electrode was placed close to the L5 DRG of rats with spared nerve injury (SNI) and emitted current by the corresponding voltage in different groups. Four different voltages (45 V, 65 V, 85 V, and 100 V) of PRF on DRG significantly alleviated the SNI-induced NeP, reduced the levels of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) in DRG, improved the ultrastructure of DRG, and promoted autophagy in spinal microglia to varying degrees and partially reversed the increased expression of TNF-α and the reduced expression of IL-10 in spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH). The beneficial effect of 85V-PRF was superior to those of other three PRF treatments. The underlying mechanisms may be related to repairing the DRG damage and improving the DRG ultrastructure while regulating spinal microglial autophagy and thereby alleviating neuroinflammation.

The controlling nutritional status score and risk factors associated with malnutrition in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Objectives: Malnutrition is an independent risk factor for poor outcomes in patients who suffered an acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score can provide information for nutritional management in AIS patients. However, the risk factors associated with the CONUT score have not been established to date. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the CONUT score of patients with AIS and explore the potential risk factors associated with it. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the data from consecutive AIS patients who were recruited in the CIRCLE study. Within 2 days of admission, we gathered the CONUT score, the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002, the Modified Rankin Scale, the National Institutes of Health Neurological Deficit Score (NIHSS), and demographic data from medical records. We used chi-squared tests to examine admission, and a logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the risk factors associated with CONUT in patients with AIS. Results: A total of 231 patients with AIS participated in the study, with a mean age of 62.32 ± 13.0 years and a mean NIHSS of 6.77 ± 3.8. Of these patients, 41(17.7%) had hyperlipidemia. In terms of nutritional assessment, 137(59.3%) patients with AIS had high CONUT scores, 86(37.2%) patients with AIS had low or high BMI, and 117(50.6%) patients with AIS had NRS-2002 scores below 3. The chi-squared tests showed that age, NIHSS, body mass index (BMI), and hyperlipidemia were associated with the CONUT score (P < 0.05). The logistic regression analysis showed that low NIHSS scores (OR = 0.055 95% CI: 0.003-0.893), younger age (OR = 0.159 95% CI: 0.054-0.469), and hyperlipidemia (OR = 0.303 95% CI: 0.141-0.648) were independently associated with lower CONUT scores (P < 0.05), whereas BMI was not found to be independently associated with the CONUT. Conclusions: More than half of the patients with AIS were at risk of malnutrition, with age and neurological deficits being identified as risk factors for nutritional control. Hyperlipidemia was found to be a protective factor of the CONUT, while NRS-2002 and BMI did not affect the nutritional control in patients with AIS.

Diverse CMT2 neuropathies are linked to aberrant G3BP interactions in stress granules.

Complex diseases often involve the interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 neuropathies (CMT2) are a group of genetically heterogeneous disorders, in which similar peripheral neuropathology is inexplicably caused by various mutated genes. Their possible molecular links remain elusive. Here, we found that upon environmental stress, many CMT2-causing mutant proteins adopt similar properties by entering stress granules (SGs), where they aberrantly interact with G3BP and integrate into SG pathways. For example, glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GlyRS) is translocated from the cytoplasm into SGs upon stress, where the mutant GlyRS perturbs the G3BP-centric SG network by aberrantly binding to G3BP. This disrupts SG-mediated stress responses, leading to increased stress vulnerability in motoneurons. Disrupting this aberrant interaction rescues SG abnormalities and alleviates motor deficits in CMT2D mice. These findings reveal a stress-dependent molecular link across diverse CMT2 mutants and provide a conceptual framework for understanding genetic heterogeneity in light of environmental stress.

Limb heaviness as a sensorimotor disorder alters rehabilitation adherence after a stroke.

Introduction: To the best of our knowledge, it is still unknown how perceived limb heaviness affects rehabilitation adherence. As rehabilitation adherence is very important for the functional recovery of patients with stroke, it is important to explore the relationship between perceived limb heaviness and rehabilitation adherence. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients with consecutive stroke recruited in the CIRCLE study. The influence of age, gender, time from onset to enrollment, educational background, hypertension, diabetes, Modified Rankin Scale (MRS), and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) on rehabilitation adherence was analyzed. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between perceived limb heaviness and rehabilitation adherence changes. Results: A total of 108 participants completed the study. About 40 (37.0%) participants felt limb heaviness. The mean scores on the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale for the upper affected limb strength were 3.05 ± 1.7, and the mean score on the exercise adherence questionnaire (EAQ) was 34.27 ± 8.9. Univariate analysis showed that rehabilitation adherence levels differed in upper limb muscle strength and whether they perceived limb heaviness. After adjustment for independent predictors, we found that perceived limb heaviness was associated with rehabilitation adherence (B = -9.681 ± 1.494, p < 0.05) and R 2 was 0.332 and 0.074 if the muscle strength of the upper limb and perceived limb heaviness were included in the model and the model was without perceived limb heaviness, respectively. Conclusion: By identifying patients with stroke with limb heaviness, it led to lower levels of motor functional rehabilitation adherence. We must pay more attention to limb heaviness and provide effective interventions to improve rehabilitation adherence and promote patient recovery.

Effect of Clamping Compression on the Mechanical Performance of a Carbon Paper Gas Diffusion Layer in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells.

During all the assembly stages of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack, gas diffusion layers (GDLs) endure clamping loads in the through-plane direction several times. Under such complicated assembly conditions, GDLs have to deform with the changes in structure, surface roughness, pore size, etc. A comprehensive understanding of the compressive performance of GDLs at different clamping phases is crucial to the assembly process improvement of PEMFCs. Two typical clamping compression was designed and performed to get close to the actual assembly conditions of PEMFCs. The results indicate that the initial clamping compression and the magnitude of the maximum clamping load have great impacts on the segmented compressive properties of GDLs. The nonlinear compressive performance of the GDL is mainly attributed to the unique microstructural information. The rough surface morphology contributes to the initial compressive characteristics where the big strain along with the small stress occurs, and the irreversible failures such as carbon fiber breakages and adhesive failures between fibers and binders account for the hysteresis between different compression stages. Importantly, it is found that the clamping compression hardly influences the small pore distribution below 175 µm but affects the large pore distribution over 200 µm.

Solution-Processed CsPbBr3 Quantum Dots/Organic Semiconductor Planar Heterojunctions for High-Performance Photodetectors.

Planar heterojunctions (PHJs) are fundamental building blocks for construction of semiconductor devices. However, fabricating PHJs with solution-processable semiconductors such as organic semiconductors (OSCs) is a challenge. Herein, utilizing the orthogonal solubility and good wettability between CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) and OSCs, fabrication of solution-processed PQD/OSC PHJs are reported. The phototransistors based on bilayer PQD/PDVT-10 PHJs show responsivity up to 1.64 × 104 A W-1 , specific detectivity of 3.17 × 1012 Jones, and photosensitivity of 5.33 × 106 when illuminated by 450 nm light. Such high photodetection performance is attributed to efficient charge dissociation and transport, as well as the photogating effect in the PHJs. Furthermore, the tri-layer PDVT-10/PQD/Y6 PHJs are used to construct photodiodes working in self-powered mode, which exhibit broad range photoresponse from ultraviolet to near-infrared, with responsivity approaching 10-1 A W-1 and detectivity over 106 Jones. These results present a convenient and scalable production processes for solution-processed PHJs and show their great potential for optoelectronic applications.

The Effect of Preoperative Rehabilitation Training on the Early Recovery of Joint Function after Artificial Total Knee Arthroplasty and Its Effect Evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of preoperative rehabilitation training on the rehabilitation of patients after total knee arthroplasty. METHODS: A total of 120 patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis and undergoing total knee arthroplasty were selected and divided into experimental group and control group according to a random number table, with 60 cases in each group. The control group only carried out routine clinical nursing before the operation, and the experimental group used the formulated preoperative rehabilitation training method based on the control group for training. By comparing the visual analogue score (VAS), keen society score (KSS), postoperative time to get out of bed for the first time, patient satisfaction, and other related indicators between the two groups of patients, the recovery of keen joint function of patients after surgery was evaluated. RESULTS: The visual analogue scale (VAS) of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the experimental group at three days after operation. The keen society score (KSS) of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group at three days after surgery and one month after surgery. The time to get out of bed for the first time after operation in the experimental group (44.93 ± 13.63) was significantly less than that in the control group (78.33 ± 13.52). The patient satisfaction of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (88.30 ± 3.61). The above statistical results were all p < 0.05 of the two groups, and the differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Preoperative rehabilitation training can significantly reduce the pain of patients after knee replacement, improve the functional state of knee joints, shorten the time to get out of bed for the first time after surgery, and win the best recovery opportunity, which can better improve patient satisfaction in hospitalization and improve medical care services level.

Effects of High-Voltage Pulsed Radiofrequency on the Ultrastructure and Nav1.7 Level of the Dorsal Root Ganglion in Rats With Spared Nerve Injury.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the analgesic effect of high-voltage pulsed radiofrequency (HV-PRF) on the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) for neuropathic pain induced by spared nerve injury (SNI) in rats, especially the influence of this treatment on the DRG ultrastructure and voltage-gated sodium channel 1.7 (Nav1.7) level in the DRG. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred fifty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: Sham, SNI, Free-PRF, standard-voltage PRF (SV-PRF), and HV-PRF. The 45V-PRF and 85V-PRF procedures applied to the left L5 DRG were performed in SV-PRF group and the HV-PRF group, respectively, on day 7 after SNI, whereas no PRF was concurrently delivered in Free-PRF group. The paw mechanical withdrawal threshold (PMWT) was detected before SNI (baseline) and on days 1, 3, 7, 8, 10, 14, and 21. The changes of left L5 DRG ultrastructure were analyzed with transmission electron microscopy on days 14 and 21. The expression levels of Nav1.7 in left L5 DRG were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the Free-PRF group, PMWT in the SV-PRF group and HV-PRF group were both significantly increased after PRF (all p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the PMWT was significantly higher in the HV-PRF group than that in the SV-PRF group on days 14 and 21 (all p < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences between the SV-PRF and Free-PRF groups (p < 0.05). Similarly, statistically significant difference was found between the HV-PRF and Free-PRF groups (p < 0.05). Especially, comparison of the SV-PRF group and the HV-PRF group revealed statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). The Nav1.7 levels were significantly downregulated in the SV-PRF group and HV-PRF groups compared to that in the Free-PRF group (all p < 0.01). A significantly lower Nav1.7 level was also found in the HV-PRF group compared to that in the SV-PRF group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The HV-PRF produces a better analgesic effect than SV-PRF applied to the DRG in SNI rats. The underlying mechanisms may be associated with improving the histopathological prognosis and the downregulation of Nav1.7 levels in the DRG.

Stroke-associated pneumonia: A bibliometric analysis of worldwide trends from 2003 to 2020.

ABSTRACT: Stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) is a spectrum of pulmonary infections in patients within 7 days of stroke. Which is one of the most common complications after stroke and is significantly associated with a poor prognosis of stroke. To the best of our knowledge, a bibliometric method was not previously used to analyze the topic of SAP; we aim to describe the situation and evolution of SAP from 2003 to 2020, and to discuss the research hotspots and frontiers.A total of 151 articles were retrieved from the Scopus database. Bibliometric analysis was used to explore the dynamic trends of articles and the top subject areas, journals, institutes, citations, and co-keywords. VOS viewer software (version 1.6.15) was used to graphically map the hot topics of SAP based on the co-keywords.A total of 151 articles were identified. Articles have increased over the recent years and faster in the last 2 years (55 articles, 36.4%), the majority of subject areas are medicine (124 articles, 82.1%) and neuroscience (38 articles, 25.2%). The "Journal Of Stroke And Cerebrovascular Diseases" with 15 articles has been scored as the first rank followed by "Plos One." Regarding the geographical distribution of articles, China is the most productive country with 50 articles (33.1%), others are more prominent in Europe, and most institutes are universities. Citations have increased over time, the main country of the top five highly cited published articles are Germany and before 2008. The co-keywords are mainly divided into four aspects: risk factors, predictive scores, preventions, and outcomes.This study could provide practical sources for researchers to find the top subject areas, journals, institutes, citations, and co-keywords. Moreover, the study could pave the way for researchers to be engaged in studies potentially lead to more articles in this field.

Hesperetin attenuates silica-induced lung injury by reducing oxidative damage and inflammatory response.

Oxidative stress and the inflammatory response are two important mechanisms of silica-induced lung injury. Hesperetin (HSP) is a natural flavonoid compound that is found in citrus fruits and has been indicated to exhibit strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The current study evaluated the protective effect of HSP on lung injury in rats exposed to silica. The results indicated that the degree of alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis in the HSP-treated group was significantly decreased compared with the silica model group. The content of hydroxyproline (HYP) was also revealed to decrease overall in the HSP treated group compared with the silica model group, indicating that the degree of pulmonary fibrosis was decreased compared with the silica model group. The present study also demonstrated that HSP reduced oxidation levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX). Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was also increased following HSP treatment, indicating that HSP can alleviate oxidative stress in the lung tissue of silica-exposed rats. In addition, HSP was revealed to inhibit the synthesis and secretion of fibrogenic factor TGF-ß1, reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß, IL-4, TNF-α and increase the levels of anti-inflammatory factors IFN-γ and IL-10. The current study demonstrated that HSP can effectively attenuate silica-induced lung injury by reducing oxidative damage and the inflammatory response.

Activities of daily living measurement after ischemic stroke: Rasch analysis of the modified Barthel Index.

ABSTRACT: In patients with ischemic stroke, activities of daily living were used as an outcome indicator, and correct assessment is very important. We sought to examine the reliability and validity of the modified Barthel Index as an evaluation tool of activities of daily living in ischemic stroke patients by applying the Rasch analysis.We used a prospectively collected cohort of ischemic stroke patients in the department of neurology. Rasch analysis was used for evaluating the reliability and validity of the modified Barthel Index.A total of 231 patients were included in the analysis. The average of modified Barthel Index was 36.2 ±â€Š17.8. The modified Barthel Index had high reliability of 0.88. There were no extremely mismatched items, and considered unidimensional, but the Point-Measure of bowels and bladder were 0.27, extremely lower than other items. The scale was stable in different sex and age, but had notable differential item functioning in muscle strength of the limbs. Rating categories were not functioning adequately in items. The item difficulty and patient ability were not matched, with a difference of 1.17 logics. 29.4% patients, no easy items could match their ability.The modified Barthel Index had high reliability but a relatively bad matching degree between item difficulty and patient ability. It still needs further improvement to reflect the activities of daily living in ischemic stroke patients.

A Series of Novel HDAC Inhibitors with Anthraquinone as a Cap Group.

Although anthraquinone derivatives possess significant antitumor activity, most of them also displayed those side effects like cardiotoxicity, mainly owing to their inhibition of topoisomerase II of DNA repair mechanisms. Our raised design strategy by switching therapeutic target from topoisomerase II to histone deacetylase (HDAC) has been applied to the design of anthraquinone derivatives in current study. Consequently, a series of novel HDAC inhibitors with a tricylic diketone of anthraquinone as a cap group have been synthesized. After screening and evaluation, compounds 4b, 4d, 7b and 7d have displayed the comparable inhibition in enzymatic activity and cell proliferation than that of Vorinostat (SAHA). Notably, compound 4b showed certain selectivity of antiproliferative effects on cancer cell lines over non-cancer cell lines.

Design of a high-resolution light field miniscope for volumetric imaging in scattering tissue.

Integrating light field microscopy techniques with existing miniscope architectures has allowed for volumetric imaging of targeted brain regions in freely moving animals. However, the current design of light field miniscopes is limited by non-uniform resolution and long imaging path length. In an effort to overcome these limitations, this paper proposes an optimized Galilean-mode light field miniscope (Gali-MiniLFM), which achieves a more consistent resolution and a significantly shorter imaging path than its conventional counterparts. In addition, this paper provides a novel framework that incorporates the anticipated aberrations of the proposed Gali-MiniLFM into the point spread function (PSF) modeling. This more accurate PSF model can then be used in 3D reconstruction algorithms to further improve the resolution of the platform. Volumetric imaging in the brain necessitates the consideration of the effects of scattering. We conduct Monte Carlo simulations to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed Gali-MiniLFM for volumetric imaging in scattering tissue.

Optical-aberrations-corrected light field re-projection for high-quality plenoptic imaging.

The singlet plenoptic camera, which consists of a single lens, microlens array (MLA) and image sensor, possesses the superiority that the imaging system is compact and lightweight, which is beneficial to miniaturization. However, such plenoptic cameras suffer from severe optical aberrations and their imaging quality is inferior for post-capture processing. Therefore, this paper proposes an optical-aberrations-corrected light field re-projection method to obtain high-quality singlet plenoptic imaging. First, optical aberrations are modeled by Seidel polynomials and included into point spread function (PSF) modeling. The modeled PSF is subsequently used to reconstruct imaging object information. Finally, the reconstructed imaging object information is re-projected back to the plenoptic imaging plane to obtain high-quality plenoptic images without optical aberrations. PSF modeling is validated by a self-built singlet plenoptic camera and the utility of the proposed optical-aberrations-corrected light field re-projection method is verified by numerical simulations and real imaging experiments.

A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis Model for SH-SAW Torque Sensors.

In this paper, a three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D-FEA) model for shear horizontal surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW) torque sensors is presented. Torque sensors play a significant role in various fields to ensure a reliable torque transmission in drivelines. Featured with the advantages of high propagation velocity, large Q-value, and good power capacity, SH-SAW based torque sensors are promising but very few studies have been carried out. In order to develop a successful sensor, understanding the characteristics of SH-SAWs produced on piezoelectric substrates and torque sensing modes is indispensable. Therefore, in this study, we first investigated the effect on the generation of waves when different Y-cut quartz substrates are engaged. Thereafter, analyses and comparisons, regarding the effect on the polarized displacement, wave guidance, and wave mode, were conducted for different configurations of wave-guide layer thickness to wavelength ratios (hlayer/λ) and materials. Results show that Y-cut quartz at an angle close to 36° with a gold (Au) layer varying from hAu/λ = 0.02 to 0.03 thickness could be the most effective configuration for the excitation of SH-SAWs, compared to other combinations using platinum (Pt), titanium (Ti) and silicon dioxide (SiO2). Finally, based on the FEA SH-SAW torque sensor model configuring with a Y + 36° quartz substrate and 0.025 λ-thick gold layer, the relationship between the applied torque and sensed voltage was examined, which shows a perfect linearity demonstrating the performance of the sensors.

Effects of Freeze⁻Thaw Thermal Cycles on the Mechanical Degradation of the Gas Diffusion Layer in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells.

In this paper, the mechanical degradation of a commercial gas diffusion layer subjected to repeated freeze⁻thaw thermal cycles is studied. In a fuel cell, the mechanical assembly state directly affects the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Particularly, the gas diffusion layer repeatedly withstands the complex heat and humidity environmental conditions in which the temperature and humidity are always greatly changed. Studying the three-dimensional mechanical degradation of gas diffusion layers due to orthotropic properties is very useful in extending the lifetime and durability of fuel cells. To investigate this, we first established the standard freeze⁻thaw thermal cycle and studied the gas diffusion layer's mechanical degradation performance with up to 400 repeated freeze⁻thaw thermal cycles. Furthermore, different types of failure in the gas diffusion layer caused by the repeated thermal aging treatment were observed using a scanning electron microscope, to explain the change in the mechanical deterioration. As a result, the different thermal failure plays different roles in the explanation of the gas diffusion layer's mechanical degradation under different thermal cycles. In particular, the thermal failure that resulted from the first 100 thermal cycles has the greatest effect on the compressive and tensile performance, compared to the shear behavior.

An Investigation of the Compressive Behavior of Polymer Electrode Membrane Fuel Cell's Gas Diffusion Layers under Different Temperatures.

In this paper, a commercial gas diffusion layer is used, to quantitatively study the correlation between its compressive characteristics and its operating temperature. In polymer electrode membrane fuel cells, the gas diffusion layer plays a vital role in the membrane electrode assembly, over a wide range of operating temperatures. Therefore, understanding the thermo-mechanical performance of gas diffusion layers is crucial to design fuel cells. In this research, a series of compressive tests were conducted on a commercial gas diffusion layer, at three different temperatures. Additionally, a microscopical investigation was carried out with the help of a scanning electron microscope, to study the evolution and development of the microstructural damages in the gas diffusion layers which is caused by the thermo-mechanical load. From the obtained results, it could be concluded that the compressive stiffness of the commercial gas diffusion layer depends, to a great extent, on its operational temperature.

Point spread function and depth-invariant focal sweep point spread function for plenoptic camera 2.0.

This paper derives a mathematical point spread function (PSF) and a depth-invariant focal sweep point spread function (FSPSF) for plenoptic camera 2.0. Derivation of PSF is based on the Fresnel diffraction equation and image formation analysis of a self-built imaging system which is divided into two sub-systems to reflect the relay imaging properties of plenoptic camera 2.0. The variations in PSF, which are caused by changes of object's depth and sensor position variation, are analyzed. A mathematical model of FSPSF is further derived, which is verified to be depth-invariant. Experiments on the real imaging systems demonstrate the consistency between the proposed PSF and the actual imaging results.

Distance measurement based on light field geometry and ray tracing.

In this paper, we propose a geometric optical model to measure the distances of object planes in a light field image. The proposed geometric optical model is composed of two sub-models based on ray tracing: object space model and image space model. The two theoretic sub-models are derived on account of on-axis point light sources. In object space model, light rays propagate into the main lens and refract inside it following the refraction theorem. In image space model, light rays exit from emission positions on the main lens and subsequently impinge on the image sensor with different imaging diameters. The relationships between imaging diameters of objects and their corresponding emission positions on the main lens are investigated through utilizing refocusing and similar triangle principle. By combining the two sub-models together and tracing light rays back to the object space, the relationships between objects' imaging diameters and corresponding distances of object planes are figured out. The performance of the proposed geometric optical model is compared with existing approaches using different configurations of hand-held plenoptic 1.0 cameras and real experiments are conducted using a preliminary imaging system. Results demonstrate that the proposed model can outperform existing approaches in terms of accuracy and exhibits good performance at general imaging range.