Past, present, and future of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation: A review in psychiatric and neurological disorders.

Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (DTMS) is a new non-invasive neuromodulation technique based on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation tech-nology. The new H-coil has significant advantages in the treatment and mechanism research of psychiatric and neurological disorders. This is due to its deep stimulation site and wide range of action. This paper reviews the clinical progress of DTMS in psychiatric and neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, post-stroke motor dysfunction, aphasia, and other neurological disorders, as well as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia.

Altered anxiety and social behaviors in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a common mental retardation syndrome. Anxiety and abnormal social behaviors are prominent features of FXS in humans. To better understand the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on these behaviors, we analyzed anxiety-related and social behaviors in Fmr1 knockout mice treated by HBOT. In the open field test, HBOT group mice preferred the periphery to central areas and tended to run or walk along the wall. The results suggested that thigmotaxis was significantly increased in the HBOT group compared with the control group. In the elevated plus maze test, the percentage of distance traveled was significantly increased in the open arm and significantly decreased in the closed arm for HBOT group mice compared with control group mice. These results suggested that HBOT group mice displayed enhanced motor activity in the open arm and exhibited fewer anxiety-related behaviors. In the three-chambered social approach test, the HBOT group mice made more approaches to the wire cup containing an acquaintance mouse than control group mice in the sociability test and made more approaches to the wire cup containing a stranger mouse than control group mice in the social novelty preference test. The results suggested that HBOT group mice showed increased levels of social interaction and decreased "social anxiety" than the control group to partner mice in this test. Our findings indicated that HBOT resulted in altered anxiety and social behavior in Fmr1 knockout mice and could possibly be used as a treatment for FXS.

MiR-29c reduces the cisplatin resistance of non-small cell lung cancer cells by negatively regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway.

In previous studies, miR-29s showed tumor suppressor properties against lung cancer, which improved the survival of patients upon the administration of chemotherapy via an unknown mechanism. Here, we investigated the regulatory effects of miR-29s on the cisplatin resistance of NSCLC cells. The expression of miR-29s was assessed in 130 clinical patients and in cisplatin-treated NSCLS cell lines. MiR-29c expression was decreased in 77% of NSCLC patients. Cisplatin treatment increased the expression of miR-29c and decreased the expression of its oncogenic target AKT2 in NSCLC cell lines. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that higher miR-29c levels led to a longer disease-free survival. In particular, patients who experienced cancer recurrences after cisplatin chemotherapy exhibited a lower level of miR-29c expression, suggesting that miR-29c activation may contribute to the chemotherapeutic efficiency of cisplatin. The enforced expression of miR-29c enhanced the cisplatin sensitivity of NSCLC cells, while the knocking down of miR-29c led to cisplatin resistance. MiR-29c amplified the therapeutic effects of cisplatin in vivo. Rescue experiments suggested that miR-29c regulates the cisplatin resistance of NSCLS cells by negatively regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Overall, our results demonstrated that miR-29c enhances the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to cisplatin by targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Selective Radiotherapy after Distant Metastasis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treated with Dose-Dense Cisplatin plus Fluorouracil.

PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of selective radiotherapy after distant metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with dose-dense cisplatin plus fluorouracil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eligible patients were randomly assigned to a study group treated with dose-dense cisplatin plus fluorouracil following selective radiotherapy and a control group receiving traditional cisplatin plus fluorouracil following selective radiotherapy according to a 1:1 distribution using a digital random table method. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate, relapse or progression rate in the radiation field and treatment toxicity. RESULTS: Of 52 patients in the study group, 20 cases underwent radiotherapy., while in the control group of 51 patients, 16 underwent radiotherapy. The median PFS, median OS, survival rates in 1, 2 and 3 years in study and control group were 20.9 vs 12.7months, 28.3 vs 18.8months, 85.2%vs 65.9%, 62.2% vs 18.3%, and 36.6%vs 5.2% (p values of 0.00, 0.00, 0.04, 0.00 and 0.00, respectively). Subgroup analysis showed that the median OS and survival rates of 1, 2, 3 years for patients undergoing radiotherapy in the study group better than that in control group( 43.2vs24.1 months, 94.1% vs 86.7%, 82.4% vs 43.3%, 64.7% vs 17.3%, (p=0.00, 0.57, 0.04 and 0.01, respectively). The complete response rate, objective response rate after chemotherapy and three months after radiotherapy, relapse or progression rate in radiation field in study group and in control group were 19.2% vs 3.9%, 86.5% vs 56.9%, 85% vs 50%, 95% vs 81.3% and 41.3% vs 66.7% (p =0.03, 0.00, 0.03,0.30, 0.01 respectively). The grade 3-4 acute adverse reactions in the study group were significantly higher than in the control group (53.8% vs 9.8%, p=0.00). CONCLUSIONS: The survival of patients benefits from selective radiotherapy after distant metastasis of NPC treated with dose-dense cisplatin plus fluorouracil.