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1.
Curr Biol ; 33(14): 2878-2887.e4, 2023 07 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37369208

RESUMO

Bacteria, ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi, and land plants have been coevolving for nearly 200 million years, and their interactions presumably contribute to the function of terrestrial ecosystems. The direction, stability, and strength of bacteria-EcM fungi interactions across landscapes and across a single plant host, however, remains unclear. Moreover, the genetic mechanisms that govern them have not been addressed. To these ends, we collected soil samples from Bishop pine forests across a climate-latitude gradient spanning coastal California, fractionated the soil samples based on their proximity to EcM-colonized roots, characterized the microbial communities using amplicon sequencing, and generated linear regression models showing the impact that select bacterial taxa have on EcM fungal abundance. In addition, we paired greenhouse experiments with transcriptomic analyses to determine the directionality of these relationships and identify which genes EcM-synergist bacteria express during tripartite symbioses. Our data reveal that ectomycorrhizas (i.e., EcM-colonized roots) enrich conserved bacterial taxa across climatically heterogeneous regions. We also show that phylogenetically diverse EcM synergists are positively associated with plant and fungal growth and have unique gene expression profiles compared with EcM-antagonist bacteria. In sum, we identify common mechanisms that facilitate widespread and diverse multipartite symbioses, which inform our understanding of how plants develop in complex environments.


Assuntos
Micorrizas , Micorrizas/genética , Micorrizas/metabolismo , Ecossistema , Florestas , Plantas/microbiologia , Raízes de Plantas , Bactérias/genética , Solo , Microbiologia do Solo , Fungos/genética , Árvores/microbiologia
2.
Mycologia ; 113(1): 168-190, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33175671

RESUMO

Four epitypes and three new species of Amanita (Amanitaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) are described from Guineo-Congolian rainforests of Cameroon. Amanita echinulata, A. fulvopulverulenta, A. robusta, and A. bingensis are epitypified based on collections that are the first since the species were described nearly a century ago. Morphological features of the epitypes are described and enumerated. Amanita minima, Amanita luteolamellata, and A. goossensfontanae are described as new and added to the known macromycota of tropical Africa. Habit, habitat, and known distribution are provided for each species. Sequence data for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) locus are provided for types and other collections of all taxa, and a molecular phylogenetic analysis across the genus Amanita corroborates morphology-based infrageneric placement for each.


Assuntos
Amanita , Classificação , Agaricales/classificação , Agaricales/genética , Agaricales/isolamento & purificação , Amanita/classificação , Amanita/genética , Amanita/isolamento & purificação , Camarões , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Ecossistema , Genes Fúngicos , Filogenia , Floresta Úmida
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