A functionalized cell membrane biomimetic nanoformulation based on layered double hydroxide for combined tumor chemotherapy and sonodynamic therapy.

The development of nanoformulations with simple compositions that can exert targeted combination therapy still remains a great challenge in the area of precision cancer nanomedicine. Herein, we report the design of a multifunctional nanoplatform based on methotrexate (MTX)-loaded layered double hydroxide (LDH) coated with chlorin e6 (Ce6)-modified MCF-7 cell membranes (CMM) for combined chemo/sonodynamic therapy of breast cancer. LDH nanoparticles were in situ loaded with MTX via coprecipitation, and coated with CMM that were finally functionalized with phospholipid-modified Ce6. The created nanoformulation of LDH-MTX@CMM-Ce6 displays good colloidal stability under physiological conditions and can release MTX in a pH-dependent manner. We show that the formulation can homologously target breast cancer cells, and induce their significant apoptosis through arresting the cell cycle via cooperative MTX-based chemotherapy and ultrasound (US)-activated sonodynamic therapy. The assistance of US can not only trigger sonosensitizer Ce6 to produce reactive oxygen species, but also enhance the cellular uptake of LDH-MTX@CMM-Ce6 via an acoustic cavitation effect. Upon intravenous injection and US irradiation, LDH-MTX@CMM-Ce6 displays an admirable antitumor performance towards a xenografted breast tumor mouse model. Furthermore, the modification of Ce6 on the CMM endows the LDH-based nanoplatform with fluorescence imaging capability. The developed LDH-based nanoformulation here provides a general intelligent cancer nanomedicine platform with simple composition and homologous targeting specificity for combined chemo/sonodynamic therapy and fluorescence imaging of tumors.

Exploring microRNA patterns as biomarkers of FOLFOX chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in patients with colorectal cancer.

FOLFOX is a combination of chemotherapeutic agents (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin) and is used to treat advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) but induces various side effects. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is one of the most critical side effects that compromise the quality of life of patients with CRC undergoing FOLFOX chemotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate circulating miRNA, cortisol and catecholamine as potential biomarkers that can predict FOLFOX-CIPN symptoms. High-throughput microRNA (miRNA) sequencing was performed on the RNA circulating in the plasma of eight patients with CRC who underwent FOLFOX chemotherapy. miRNA expression profiles were evaluated according to two groups: those who underwent ≤3 cycles and those who underwent ≥6 cycles of FOLFOX chemotherapy. The identified miRNAs were validated in 27 patients with CRC who underwent FOLFOX chemotherapy using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Target genes were predicted using bioinformatics and functional analyses. Cortisol and catecholamine concentrations in peripheral plasma were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. miR-3184-5p was differentially expressed when miRNA expression was compared between the groups that underwent ≤3 and ≥6 cycles of FOLFOX chemotherapy. Cortisol levels were significantly higher in the group that underwent ≥6 cycles of FOLFOX chemotherapy than in the group that underwent ≤3 cycles. This study suggests that miR-3184-5p may be a potential marker for predicting CIPN.

Erigeron annuus Extract Improves DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in a Mouse Model via the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a persistent inflammatory skin condition resulting from an intricate interplay among genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. Erigeron annuus (EA), an annual winter plant belonging to the family Asteraceae, possesses anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and antioxidant activities. In this study, we hypothesized that Erigeron annuus extract (EAE) could be an effective agent for ameliorating AD-like symptoms. To confirm this hypothesis in vitro, we used H2O2-stimulated human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) to demonstrate that pre-treatment with EAE protected against oxidative stress. HaCaT cells pretreated with EAE and stimulated with H2O2 showed decreased intracellular malondialdehyde content, increased superoxide dismutase activity, and reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation. To verify the in vivo hypothesis based on the intracellular results, an AD disease mouse model was induced with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB), and EAE was orally administered at a non-toxic concentration according to the toxicity evaluation results. The results showed that AD disease models in BALB/c mice exhibited reduced ear epidermal thickness, scratching behavior, and mast cell infiltration. In conclusion, our results indicate that EAE has the potential to improve AD by upregulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway.

The Next Generation COVID-19 Antiviral; Niclosamide-Based Inorganic Nanohybrid System Kills SARS-CoV-2.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a serious global threat with surging new variants of concern. Although global vaccinations have slowed the pandemic, their longevity is still unknown. Therefore, new orally administrable antiviral agents are highly demanded. Among various repurposed drugs, niclosamide (NIC) is the most potential one for various viral diseases such as COVID-19, SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), MERS (middle east respiratory syndrome), influenza, RSV (respiratory syncytial virus), etc. Since NIC cannot be effectively absorbed, a required plasma concentration for antiviral potency is hard to maintain, thereby restricting its entry into the infected cells. Such a 60-year-old bioavailability challenging issue has been overcome by engineering with MgO and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), forming hydrophilic NIC-MgO-HPMC, with improved intestinal permeability without altering NIC metabolism as confirmed by parallel artificial membrane permeability assay. The inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV-2  replication is confirmed in the Syrian hamster model to reduce lung injury. Clinical studies reveal that the bioavailability of NIC hybrid drug can go 4 times higher than the intact NIC. The phase II clinical trial shows a dose-dependent bioavailability of NIC from hybrid drug  suggesting its potential applicability as a game changer in achieving the much-anticipated endemic phase.

Metastatic intestinal adenocarcinoma with osseous metaplasia in two Domestic Korean Shorthair cats.

Two Domestic Korean Shorthair cats presented with dyschezia and vomiting. Computed tomography revealed a colonic mass with calcification and lymph node metastasis in case 1, and a small intestinal mass with disseminated mesenteric metastasis and calcification in case 2. Histopathology revealed intestinal adenocarcinoma with osseous metaplasia. Case 1 died two months after surgery from distant metastasis; and case 2 showed no metastasis for five months but presented with anorexia, euthanized seven months after diagnosis. Metastatic intestinal adenocarcinoma with bone formation should be considered as differential diagnosis for calcification on imaging, and lymph node metastasis at diagnosis may indicate poor prognosis.

Protocatechuic Acid and Syringin from Saussurea neoserrata Nakai Attenuate Prostaglandin Production in Human Keratinocytes Exposed to Airborne Particulate Matter.

Saussurea neoserrata Nakai offers a reliable and efficient source of antioxidants that can help alleviate adverse skin reactions triggered by air pollutants. Air pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM), have the ability to infiltrate the skin and contribute to the higher occurrence of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory ailments. Individuals with compromised skin barriers are particularly susceptible to the impact of PM since it can be absorbed more readily through the skin. This study investigated the impact of protocatechuic acid and syringin, obtained from the n-BuOH extract of S. neoserrata Nakai, on the release of PGE2 and PGD2 induced by PM10. Additionally, it examined the gene expression of the synthesis of PGE2 and PGD2 in human keratinocytes. The findings of this research highlight the potential of utilizing safe and efficient plant-derived antioxidants in dermatological and cosmetic applications to mitigate the negative skin reactions caused by exposure to air pollution.

Identification of miR-143-3p as a diagnostic biomarker in gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) is among the most common types of gastrointestinal cancers and has a high incidence and mortality around the world. To suppress the progression of GC, it is essential to develop diagnostic markers. MicroRNAs regulate GC development, but a clearer insight into their role is needed before they can be applied as a molecular markers and targets. METHODS: In this study, we assessed the diagnostic value of differentially expressed microRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers for GC using data for 389 tissue samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and 21 plasma samples from GC patients. RESULTS: The expression of hsa-miR-143-3p (also known as hsa-miR-143) was significantly downregulated in GC according to the TCGA data and plasma samples. The 228 potential target genes of hsa-miR-143-3p were analyzed using a bioinformatics tool for miRNA target prediction. The target genes correlated with extracellular matrix organization, the cytoplasm, and identical protein binding. Furthermore, the pathway enrichment analysis of target genes showed that they were involved in pathways in cancer, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway, and proteoglycans in cancer. The hub genes in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, were matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2), CD44 molecule (CD44), and SMAD family member 3 (SMAD3). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that hsa-miR-143-3p may be used as a diagnostic marker for GC, contributing via the pathways involved in the development of GC.

Curcumin in exfoliated layered double hydroxide nanoparticles: Pre-clinical evaluation as lung cancer nanomedicine.

Rationally designed ∼ 100 nm sized curcumin (CRC) loaded exfoliated layered double hydroxide nanoparticles (X-LDH/CRC-NPs) have been tested for its suitability as nanomedicine in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines (A549 and NCI-H460) resulting enhanced apoptosis. Preclinical evaluation on A549 tumor bearing nude mouse model confirmed that such a well-designed X-LDH/CRC NPs would be highly advantageous for treating lung cancers.

Multifunctional Layered Double Hydroxides for Drug Delivery and Imaging.

Two-dimensional nanomaterials, particularly layered double hydroxides (LDHs), have been widely applied in the biomedical field owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, controllable drug release/loading ability, and enhanced cellular permeability. Since the first study analyzing intercalative LDHs in 1999, numerous studies have investigated their biomedical applications, including drug delivery and imaging; recent research has focused on the design and development of multifunctional LDHs. This review summarizes the synthetic strategies and in-vivo and in-vitro therapeutic actions and targeting properties of single-function LDH-based nanohybrids and recently reported (from 2019 to 2023) multifunctional systems developed for drug delivery and/or bio-imaging.

Operation of national coordinating service for interhospital transfer from emergency departments: experience and implications from Korea.

BACKGROUND: Since 2014, Korea has been operating the National Emergency Medical Situation Room (NEMSR) to provide regional emergency departments (EDs) with coordination services for the interhospital transfer of critically ill patients. The present study aimed to describe the NEMSR's experience and interhospital transfer pattern from EDs nationwide, and investigate the factors related to delayed transfers or transfers that could not be arranged by the NEMSR. METHODS: This study was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of the NEMSR's coordination registry from 2017 to 2019. The demographic and hospital characteristics related to emergency transfers were analyzed with hierarchical logistic models. RESULTS: The NEMSR received a total of 14,003 requests for the arrangement of the interhospital transfers of critically ill patients from 2017 to 2019. Of 10,222 requests included in the analysis, 8297 (81.17%) successful transfers were coordinated by the NEMSR. Transfers were requested mainly due to a shortage of medical staff (59.79%) and ICU beds (30.80%). Delayed transfers were significantly associated with insufficient hospital resources. The larger the bed capacity of the sending hospital, the more difficult it was to coordinate the transfer (odds ratio [OR] for transfer not arranged = 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.48-2.82, ≥ 1000 beds vs. < 300 beds) and the longer the transfer was delayed (OR for delays of more than 44 minutes = 2.08; 95% CI: 1.57-2.76, ≥ 1000 beds vs. < 300 beds). CONCLUSIONS: The operation of the NEMSR has clinical importance in that it could efficiently coordinate interhospital transfers through a protocolized process and resource information system. The coordination role is significant as information technology in emergency care develops while regional gaps in the distribution of medical resources widen.

Clinical utility of immature reticulocyte fraction for identifying early red blood cell regeneration in anemic dogs.

BACKGROUND: Evaluating regeneration is essential for the classification and differential diagnosis of anemia in dogs. Early detection of regeneration is challenging in anemic dogs. OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the value of immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) in differentiating preregenerative anemia (PRA) from nonregenerative anemia (NRA) in dogs. ANIMALS: Ninety-four dogs: 49 controls and 45 with anemia. METHODS: Case-control study. Fractions of low-, medium- (MFR), and high-fluorescence reticulocytes (HFR), were measured using the ADVIA 2120i hematology analyzer. The IRF was calculated as the sum of percentages of MFR and HFR. Data from dogs with regenerative anemia (RA, n = 19), PRA (n = 11), and NRA (n = 15) were retrospectively analyzed. The value of IRF was compared with reticulocyte production index (RPI) using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: The median of IRF was significantly higher in dogs with RA (46.5%; range, 40.9-53.6%; P < .001) and PRA (40.6%; range, 27.7-47.1%; P = .01) than in controls (22.1%; range, 16.9-29.3%). The IRF in dogs with PRA showed no difference compared to dogs with RA (P > .99) but was higher than dogs with NRA (18.7%; range, 8.8-24%; P = .00). The area under the ROC curve of IRF was superior to that of RPI (0.897 vs 0.818, P = .00) in differentiating dogs with PRA from NRA. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The IRF is a reliable variable for detecting early regeneration in anemic dogs without reticulocytosis. The study suggests that the measurement of IRF could be useful in classifying anemic dogs.

NOAEL cancer therapy: a tumor targetable docetaxel-inorganic polymer nanohybrid prevents drug-induced neutropenia.

To date, cancer therapies largely consist of five pillars: surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Still, researchers are trying to innovate the current cancer therapies to pursue an ideal one without side effects. For developing such a therapy, we designed a chemically well-defined route to a PEG- and docetaxel (DTX)-conjugated inorganic polymer, polyphosphazene, named "polytaxel (PTX)" with a prolonged blood circulation time and tumor localization. Here, we conducted the proof-of-concept study of the ideal therapy in orthotopic and xenograft pancreatic cancer models. We found that the average tumor inhibition rates of PTX were similar to those of DTX without any DTX toxicity-related side effects, such as neutropenia and weight loss. In conclusion, PTX met the requirements of an ideal anticancer drug with high anticancer efficacy and 100% survival rate. PTX is expected to replace any existing anticancer therapies in clinical practice.

Serum uromodulin in dogs with chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND: Serum uromodulin concentration has been described as a novel biomarker of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in humans but not dogs. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the serum uromodulin concentration in dogs with CKD and assess its diagnostic performance in distinguishing dogs with CKD from healthy dogs. ANIMALS: Forty-nine dogs with CKD (International Renal Interest Society [IRIS] Stage 1, n = 23; Stage 2, n = 20; Stage 3-4, n = 6) and 25 healthy controls. METHODS: Prospective, observational study. Serum uromodulin concentration was measured using a canine-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and its correlation with conventional renal markers was analyzed. RESULTS: Serum uromodulin concentrations were significantly lower in the CKD group than in the control group (P < .001), but no significant difference was observed among stages of CKD. A negative correlation was observed between serum uromodulin concentration and conventional renal markers (blood urea nitrogen concentration, r = -.60, P < .0001; serum creatinine concentration, r = -.46, P < .0001; serum symmetric dimethylarginine concentration [SDMA], r = -.65, P < .0001). In receiver operating characteristic analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) of uromodulin (AUC, 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94-1.00) was higher than that of SDMA (AUC, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.79-0.95) for CKD diagnosis (P = .01). The AUC of uromodulin (AUC, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.89-1.00) also was higher than that of SDMA (AUC, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.58-0.87) in distinguishing dogs with Stage 1 CKD from controls (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Serum uromodulin concentration is decreased in dogs with CKD. Thus, serum uromodulin may be a valuable diagnostic marker for CKD in dogs, particularly in identifying early-stage CKD.

Effects of Nanofillers Based on Cetyltrimethylammonium-Modified Clays in a Polypropylene Nanocomposite.

Nanocomposites of hydrophobic organo-clay/polypropylene (organo-clay/PP) were efficiently developed through a solution-blending technique. For this, we utilized various smectite clays as host agents; namely, Na-montmorillonite (Mt, ~1000 nm), Na-fluorine mica (Mica, ~1500 nm), and Na-hectorite (Ht, ~60 nm) with varied sizes, layer charges, and aspect ratios. Such clays were functionalized with cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA) bromide via an intercalation technique to obtain hydrophobic organic clays. The as-made clay particles were further mixed with a PP/xylene solution; the latter was removed to obtain the final product of the CTA-clay/PP nanocomposite. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that there were no characteristic (001) diffraction peaks for CTA-Mica in the PP nanocomposites containing CTA-Mica, assuring the fact that the Mica layers could be completely exfoliated and thereby homogenously composited within the PP. On the other hand, the CTA-Mt and CTA-Ht incorporated composites had broader (001) peaks, which might have been due to the partial exfoliation of CTA-Mt and CTA-Ht in the composites. Among the three CTA-clay/PP nanocomposites, the CTA-Mica nanohybrid showed an enhanced thermal stability by ~42 °C compared to the intact host polymer matrix. We also noted that when the CTA-Mica content was ~9 mass % in the nanocomposites, the Young's modulus was drastically maximized to 69%. Our preliminary results therefore validated that out of the three tested clay-PP nanocomposites, the CTA-Mica nanofiller served as the best one to improve both the thermal and mechanical properties of the PP nanocomposites.

Bio-Inorganic Layered Double Hydroxide Nanohybrids in Photochemotherapy: A Mini Review.

Clay-based bio-inorganic nanohybrids, such as layered double hydroxides (LDH), have been extensively researched in the various fields of biomedicine, particularly for drug delivery and bio-imaging applications. Recent trends indicate that such two-dimensional LDH can be hybridized with a variety of photo-active biomolecules to selectively achieve anti-cancer benefits through numerous photo/chemotherapies (PCT), including photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and magnetic hyperthermia, a combination of therapies to achieve the best treatment regimen for patients that cannot be treated either by surgery or radiation alone. Among the novel two-dimensional clay-based bio-inorganic nanohybrids, LDH could enhance the photo-stability and drug release controllability of the PCT agents, which would, in turn, improve the overall phototherapeutic performance. This review article highlights the most recent advances in LDH-based two-dimensional clay-bio-inorganic nanohybrids for the aforementioned applications.

pH-Responsive Inorganic/Organic Nanohybrids System for Controlled Nicotinic Acid Drug Release.

Although nicotinic acid (NA) has several clinical benefits, its potency cannot be fully utilized due to several undesirable side effects, including cutaneous flushing, GIT-associated symptoms, etc. To overcome such issues and improve the NA efficacy, a new inorganic-organic nanohybrids system was rationally designed. For making such a hybrid system, NA was intercalated into LDH through a coprecipitation technique and then coated with Eudragit® S100 to make the final drug delivery system called Eudragit® S100-coated NA-LDH. The as-made drug delivery system not only improved the NA release profile but also exhibited good bio-compatibility as tested on L929 cells. Such an inorganic-organic nanohybrid drug delivery agent is expected to reduce the undesirable side effects associated with NA and hopefully improve the pharmacological effects without inducing any undesirable toxicity.

Artesunate drug-loaded 2D nano-shuttle landing on RBCs infected with malaria parasites.

Artesunic acid (AS0), a derivative of artemisinin, is recommended for the treatment of severe and complicated malaria, but its use is limited because of limitations such as a short half-life, non-specific targeting capability, low bioavailability, etc. To overcome these issues, a novel 2D inorganic delivery shuttle system for an AS0 drug to target the malarial host, red blood cells (RBCs), is explored by immobilizing AS0 into 2D metal hydroxides to form AS- (artesunate, the deprotonated form of artesunic acid) nanohybrid drugs. Haemolysis assay showed that the AS- nanohybrids not only are haemo-compatible but also target RBCs due to the electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding between RBCs and AS- nanohybrids. As clearly demonstrated by the subsequent parasite lactate dehydrogenase assay, the antimalarial effect of the AS- nanohybrids is determined to be 6 times more effective than that of intact AS0 against malaria. Therefore, the AS- nanohybrids with haemo-compatible 2D inorganic carriers could be the promising drug delivery systems for targeting the malarial host, RBCs.

Dilute lattice doping of 64Cu into 2D-nanoplates: its impact on radio-labeling efficiency and stability for target selective PET imaging.

A quintinite nanoplate (64Cu-QT-NP) isomorphically substituted with 64Cu, as the positron emission tomography (PET) imaging material, was prepared via two-step processes. A 64Cu labeling efficiency of 99% was realized, for the first time, by immobilizing the 64Cu radioisotope directly in the octahedral site of the 2-dimensional (2D) quintinite lattice. Furthermore, the 64Cu labeling stability of 64Cu-QT-NPs was also achieved to be more than ∼99% in various solutions such as saline, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and other biological media (mouse and human serums). In an in vivo xenograft mouse model, the passive targeting behavior of 64Cu-QT-NPs into tumor tissue based on the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect was also demonstrated by parenteral administration, and successfully visualized using a PET scanner. For enhancing the tumor tissue selectivity, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was coated on 64Cu-QT-NPs to form 64Cu-QT-NPs/BSA, resulting in better colloidal stability and longer blood circulation time, which was eventually evidenced by the 2-fold higher tumor uptake rate when intravenousely injected in an animal model. It is, therefore, concluded that the present 64Cu-QT-NPs/BSA with tumor tissue selectivity could be an advanced nano-device for radio-imaging and diagnosis as well.

The emergence of nanoporous materials in lung cancer therapy.

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers, affecting more than 2.1 million people across the globe every year. A very high occurrence and mortality rate of lung cancer have prompted active research in this area with both conventional and novel forms of therapies including the use of nanomaterials based drug delivery agents. Specifically, the unique physico-chemical and biological properties of porous nanomaterials have gained significant momentum as drug delivery agents for delivering a combination of drugs or merging diagnosis with targeted therapy for cancer treatment. This review focuses on the emergence of nano-porous materials for drug delivery in lung cancer. The review analyses the currently used nanoporous materials, including inorganic, organic and hybrid porous materials for delivering drugs for various types of therapies, including chemo, radio and phototherapy. It also analyses the selected research on stimuli-responsive nanoporous materials for drug delivery in lung cancer before summarizing the various findings and projecting the future of emerging trends. This review provides a strong foundation for the current status of the research on nanoporous materials, their limitations and the potential for improving their design to overcome the unique challenges of delivering drugs for the treatment of lung cancer.

Expression Profiles of Circulating MicroRNAs in XELOX-Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of cancer deaths around the world. Chemotherapy is one of the most effective treatments for cancer patients, and has remarkably enhanced survival rates. However, it has many side effects. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been intensively studied as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. However, definitive biomarkers in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) are still lacking. The aim of this study was to identify the factors significant for neurological adverse events in GC patients receiving XELOX (oxaliplatin and capecitabine) chemotherapy. The results show that XELOX chemotherapy induces changes in the expression of hsa-miR-200c-3p, hsa-miR-885-5p, and hsa-miR-378f. Validation by qRT-PCR demonstrated that hsa-miR-378f was significantly downregulated in CIPN. Hsa-miR-378f was identified as showing a statistically significant correlation in GC patients receiving XELOX chemotherapy according to the analysis of differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs. Furthermore, 34 potential target genes were predicted using a web-based database for miRNA target prognostication and functional annotations. The identified genes are related to the peptidyl-serine phosphorylation and regulation of alternative mRNA splicing with enrichment in the gastric cancer, neurotrophin, MAPK, and AMPK signaling pathways. Collectively, these results provide information useful for developing promising strategies for the treatment of XELOX-chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.