Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Caesalpinia sappan Linn. Extract for Promoting Flock Health and Performance in Late-Phase Laying Hens.

The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of Caesalpinia sappan Linn Extract (CSE) on the health and productive performance of late-phase laying hens on farms. Proximate composition and antioxidant markers of CSE powder revealed favorable characteristics with high total dry matter; phenolic content, and antioxidant potency. Three hundred and sixty (64-week-old) Hy-line Brown hens were divided into five groups with 0 (control diet), 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg CSE, respectively. The laying performance and egg quality of the CSE supplementation groups demonstrated significant improvements in egg weight and albumin weight (p < 0.05), and a tendency for enhanced egg mass and feed conversion ratio. Additionally, the intestinal morphostructural indices in the 2000 mg CSE/kg diet group showed the greatest statistical significance (p < 0.05), with a detectable trend suggesting an increase in the villus height to crypt depth ratio. In addition, significant downregulation of proinflammatory genes occurred in their liver tissues, coupled with a greater expression of genes linked to antioxidants and anti-inflammatory processes. Furthermore, the blood biochemical parameters and the organ weights may suggest a favorable safety profile of CSE supplementation. These findings highlight the potential of CSE as a dietary supplement to enhance the productive performance and flock health of late-phase laying hens. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term effects and optimal dosage of CSE supplementation for laying hens in farming practices.

Utilizing liposomal encapsulation approach to address nephrotoxic challenges of colistimethate sodium through a preclinical study.

The use of Colistin, a last-resort antimicrobial drug, carries the risk of acute kidney injury. The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of colistin-encapsulated liposomes (CL) in reducing nephrotoxicity. Additionally, a liposomal preparation of colistimethate sodium was formulated using the reverse phase evaporation method with a 3:1 ratio of phospholipids to cholesterol. The liposomal properties were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, photon correlation spectroscopy, and release kinetic assay. The killing kinetics of the formulations on embryonic kidney cells were assessed using in vitro MTT reduction assay. The nephrotoxicity of CL and colistimethate sodium solution (CS) was evaluated in vivo by administering a dose of 20 mg/kg to rats every 12 h for 3 days, with a negative control group receiving a 0.9% saline solution (NSS). The study results revealed that monodisperses of CL showed a smooth surface and distinct boundaries, with an average size of 151.50 ± 0.46 nm and a narrow size distribution of 0.25 ± 0.01. The liposomal particles showed high entrapment efficiency of 96.45% ± 0.41%, with a ζ-potential of -60.80 ± 1.01 mV and a release rate of 50% of colistimethate sodium within the first 480 min. The CL induced nephrocytotoxicity in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. However, CS had notably lower IC50 values compared to its liposome preparations at 48 and 72 h (p < 0.05). In vivo study results show that serum levels of symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and total white blood cell count (WBC) were significantly lower in the CL group (SDMA = 8.33 ± 1.70 µg/dL; WBC = 7.29 ± 0.99 log10 cells/mL) compared to the CS group (SDMA = 15.00 ± 1.63 µg/dL; WBC = 9.73 ± 0.51 log10 cells/mL). Our study findings enhance the understanding of the safety profile of CL and its potential to improve patient outcomes through the use of liposomal colistin medication. Additional clinical studies are necessary to establish the optimal safety regiment in humans.

Preliminary Study on Treatment Outcomes and Prednisolone Tapering after Marine Lipid Extract EAB-277 Supplementation in Dogs with Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia.

Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is a common autoimmune disorder in dogs with a high fatality rate and it remains a therapeutic challenge. The marine lipid extract, EAB-277, is a natural anti-inflammatory nutraceutical product. However, the effects of EAB-277 in IMHA dogs has rarely been investigated. The objective of this study is to assess the clinical effects of EAB-277 and prednisolone dose-tapering for supplemental therapy in IMHA dogs. Prednisolone was given to 18 anemic IMHA dogs according to a standard regimen. Six dogs were supplementally treated with EAB-277 for 28 days and the remaining twelve dogs were a control group of untreated supplementations. The results demonstrate that the supplement group showed slightly better survival rates (66.7 ± 19.2%) than the control group (16.7 ± 0.7%), but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.408). When compared to pre-therapy, the supplement group's blood profiles improved (p < 0.05). The EAB-277 treated group showed a moderate decrease in the incidence rate (4.20 times) of prednisolone tapering compared to the control group. The dosage reduction of prednisolone in supplement group was more than that in the control group (p < 0.0001). Our results suggest that EAB-277 supplementation may enhance clinical outcomes and lessen prednisolone dose-tapering in canine IMHA therapy.

Comparative Susceptibility of Pathogenic Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus pseudintermedius to Empirical Cotrimazole for Canine Pyoderma.

The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) that causes pyoderma has been gradually shifting, according to many surveillance studies, with annual changes. The empirical cotrimazole regimen remains interesting, but research on cotrimazole susceptibility to MRSP is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of cotrimazole to canine pyoderma MRSP isolates. Sixty isolates of S. pseudintermedius were identified as 16 MRSP and 44 methicillin-susceptible S. pseudintermedius (MSSP) using an oxacillin disk diffusion test and VITEK 2 system with VITEK GP card. Using the VITEK 2 system with a VITEK AST-GP81 card, the susceptibility rates of MRSP (15.00%) and MSSP (35.00%) to cotrimazole was observed. The median MIC of cotrimazole on MSSP (median, ≤10; IQR, 10-320) was lower than that of MRSP (median, ≥320; IQR, 10-320) (p = 0.5889, Mann-Whitney test). Percent attainment of PK/PD targets in MRSP (q 12 h, 43.75; q 8 h, 43.75) were lower than that of MSSP (q 12 h, 52.27; q 8 h, 52.27) (p = 0.7710). These findings show the moderately phenotypic cotrimazole susceptibilities of both MRSP and MSSP. Further study is required to develop clinical trials examining the use of cotrimazole in dogs with pyoderma.