Carotid artery corrected flow time and respiratory variation of blood flow peak velocity for prediction of hypotension after induction of general anesthesia in adult patients undergoing emergency laparotomy for peritonitis: A prospective, observational study.

Background and Aims: Doppler waveform analysis of carotid artery has been found to predict fluid responsiveness in patients undergoing elective surgeries. We evaluated the role of carotid artery corrected flow time (FTc) and respiratory variation of blood flow peak velocity (ðVpeak) in predicting post induction hypotension in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy for peritonitis. Material and Methods: Adult patients (n = 60) with perforation peritonitis undergoing emergency laparotomy under general anesthesia (GA) were recruited in this prospective, observational study. Carotid ultrasonography was performed pre-induction, to determine FTc and ðVpeak. Post-induction hemodynamic parameters were recorded for 5 minutes. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between hypotension and carotid artery measurements. Results: Post-induction hypotension occurred in 48.3% of patients. The carotid artery FTc was significantly lower (P = 0.008) in patients who developed post-induction hypotension, but ðVpeak was statistically similar (P = 0.62) in both groups. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient revealed a statistically significant correlation between FTc and systolic blood pressure (SBP) change at one-minute post induction (r2 = -0.29, P = 0.03); however statistical significance were not achieved at 2 minutes and 3 minutes (P = 0.05 at both time points). Carotid artery FTc had an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve (95% CI) of 0.70 (0.57-0.84) to predict post-induction hypotension and best cutoff value of 344.8 ms with a sensitivity and specificity of 61% and 79%, respectively. Carotid artery ðVpeak had an AUROC curve (95% CI) of 0.54 (0.39-0.69) to predict post-induction hypotension and best cutoff value of 7.9% with a sensitivity and specificity of 62% and 55%, respectively. Conclusion: Carotid artery FTc and ðVpeak are not reasonable predictors of hypotension in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy for perforation peritonitis.

Anesthetic Management of a Parturient With Double-Outlet Right Ventricle Obstruction and Pulmonary Stenosis Scheduled for Cesarean Delivery: Case Report and Review of Literature.

Double-outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a rare cardiac condition in which both the aorta and pulmonary artery arise from the right ventricle, resulting in parallel systemic and pulmonary circulations. Usually, DORV is present with ventricular septal defect; however, the location of the ventricular septal defect and presence of pulmonary stenosis (PS) result in various physiological features and subtypes of DORV. Because DORV without PS causes congestive cardiac failure and DORV with PS results in cyanotic heart disease, anesthesia management varies widely according to the resultant physiological characteristics. Reports of anesthesia management in a parturient with DORV undergoing cesarean delivery is scarce because of the low incidence of DORV and the discouragement of these patients to conceive. Only 8 known previous such cases are reported, and almost all these patients were administered regional anesthesia. Here we describe a parturient with DORV, to whom general anesthesia was administered because of incidental antiphospholipid syndrome with low platelets. To the best of our knowledge, this scenario has not been described previously.

AMBU® LMA® in Children With Cleft Palate for Ophthalmic Surgery: A Case Report.

Airway management remains a challenge in children, and the presence of a cleft palate further complicates the scenario. Endotracheal intubation, although definitive and most preferred, may be avoided for certain short-duration procedures wherein the use of laryngeal mask airway can allow quicker emergence. We present the successful airway management of 2 pediatric patients with cleft palate undergoing ophthalmological surgery, using AMBU® LMA® as the airway device of choice, which was further used as a rescue airway device in an emergent situation of "difficult to ventilate."