Frequently used extraoral maxillofacial prosthetic materials and their longevity - A comprehensive review.

The longevity of an extraoral prosthesis depends on its physical and mechanical properties and user maintenance. Faced with multiple outcome measures, researchers find it difficult to determine the most appropriate extraoral prosthetic material. This comprehensive review evaluates the most used extraoral prosthesis materials and qualitatively assesses their longevity and function. The study aims to identify and interpret the results of current updates on the factors that affect longevity and functionality. This comprehensive review summarizes and evaluates differences in the properties of commonly used extraoral maxillofacial prosthetic materials. The review was planned to focus on all factors related to the longevity and function of the extraoral maxillofacial prosthetics. An electronic search covered English articles in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and grey literature. Manual searching was also performed. Six authors participated in the screening. Search engines extracted 1107 records, and 88 studies were included for qualitative and bias assessments. Silicones are the most frequently used extraoral maxillofacial prosthetic materials. Heat-cured silicones are more color-stable than those cured at room temperature. Additional ingredients and processing techniques affect prosthesis longevity.

Assessment of the color stability of two silicone elastomers for maxillofacial prostheses upon exposure to cold beverages.

PURPOSE: This study investigated the color stability of different commercially available silicone materials for facial prostheses upon exposure to everyday beverages. It was hypothesized that the beverages would not alter the color of the silicone under conditions simulating daily exposure. METHODS: Sixty specimens were fabricated using two materials - VST-50 and Silfy - and exposed to commercially available cold mineral water, tea, or coffee. Specimen color was evaluated on days 1 and 15. The color was measured with a spectrophotometer based on CIELab system and color differences were calculated as ΔE. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: The mean ΔE values after 15 days of exposure to mineral water, cold green tea, and coffee were 1.016, 3.480, and 3.636 for VST-50 and 0.440, 0.798, and 1.425 for Silfy, respectively. Both materials showed significant differences in color, and VST-50 showed a greater color change than Silfy, especially for coffee. CONCLUSION: Pigmented silicone elastomers have low color stability, leading to an overall color change in silicone prostheses when exposed to pigmented beverages. Color changes in such prostheses can be mitigated by selecting materials with better color stability to extend their longevity.

Evaluation of the color stability of three maxillofacial silicone materials after exposure to beverages: An in vitro study.

Purpose: Oral cancer often requires treatments like surgical intervention, involving surgical resection of lips and other facial parts. For those patients, prosthetic rehabilitation following surgery promotes social reintegration. This study explores the color stability of various commercially available silicone materials for facial prostheses when exposed to everyday beverages like coffee and tea. The hypothesis is that these beverages can induce color changes in silicones, simulating conditions of daily use. Material and methods: A total of 90 specimens were fabricated. There were 30 specimens deefor each of 3 nonpigmented silicone elastomers: Silfy, A-2186-F and VST-50 and were immersed in tea or coffee at drinking temperature and evaluated for color changes at time points of 0 h, 1 h, and 6 h. The color was measured with a colorimeter that used the CIE L*a*b* system and the color change ΔΕ was calculated to quantify the color change. Statistical analysis was performed by using the Kruskal-Wallis test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank Test. The threshold for statistical significance was P < .05. Results: Color change was observed for each of the silicones exposed to the beverages (P < .05). The value of ΔE was significantly higher for A-2186-F compared with VST-50 and Silfy (P < .05 in all beverages at 6 h). The color of the elastomers progressively changed while immersed in the beverages over 6 h. The change in color was significantly greater for coffee compared with tea (P < .05). Conclusions: The color stability of nonpigmented silicone elastomers is inherently low, which contributes to the overall color change of silicone prostheses when they are exposed to beverages that contain pigments. The elastomer A-2186-F had greatest values of ΔE among the materials tested. Color changes of silicone prostheses can be lessened by selecting materials with consideration of color stability to improve their longevity and extend their period of use.

Comparative evaluation of fracture resistance of anterior provisional restorations fabricated using conventional and digital techniques - An in vitro study.

Aim: Comparative evaluation of the fracture resistance of anterior provisional crowns fabricated by conventional and digital techniques. Settings and Design: Department of Prosthodontic, PGIDS, Rohtak, An in-vitro - Comparative study. Materials and Methods: Thirty recently extracted maxillary central incisors were handpicked. Tooth preparation was done according to the principles of tooth preparation. A single-step impression technique was used for impression making of the prepared tooth and stone models were poured. Extracted teeth were divided into 3 groups (n = 10 each) based on provisional crown fabrication technique. A bis-acryl-based (Protemp 4 3M ESPE) resin was used to fabricate the provisional crowns by the conventional indirect technique. The rest of the stone models (20) were scanned using lab scanner (Dentsply Sirona InLab EOS X5). CAD/CAM provisional material (Dentsply Sirona multilayer PolyMethyl Methacrylate) PMMA disc was used for fabrication of provisional restoration through milling technique. 3D printed temporary provisional material (NextDent C&B resin) was utilized for 3D printed provisional crowns. Cementation of provisional crowns was done using eugenol free temporary luting cement (Templute, Prime dental). All cemented provisional crowns were subjected to load under Universal Testing Machine. The maximum load to produce fracture for each specimen was recorded in Newton (N). Statistical Analysis Used: Shapiro-Wilk test was employed to test the normality of data. Kruskal- Wallis Test was used to compare the mean fracture resistance between all the groups. For intergroup comparison Mann-Whitney U Test was used. Results: The mean fracture resistance of group I (Conventional technique) was found to be 558.8459700 ± 22.33 N; for group II (CAD/CAM technique) 960.8427200 ± 37.49 N and for group III (3D Printed technique) 1243.1774000 ± 68.18 N. Group I had the least fracture resistance value while group III showed maximum value. Conclusion: Provisional crowns fabricated using 3-D printing technique showed higher fracture resistance followed by CAD/CAM technique and conventional technique. Additive manufacturing of provisional crowns using 3-D printing technique could be considered a reliable and conservative method for the fabrication of stronger provisional restorations.

The rising challenge of mucormycosis for maxillofacial prosthodontists in the Covid-19 pandemic: A literature review.

PURPOSE: This review examines the importance of prosthetic rehabilitation after surgical treatment of mucormycosis in the context of expected increases in cases during the current COVID-19 pandemic. STUDY SELECTION: Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases were searched for relevant articles published between 2010 and 2021. Articles that provided a full description of prosthetic treatment after surgical treatment of mucormycosis were included in the review. RESULTS: Out of 30 articles describing orofacial prosthetic rehabilitation after surgical treatment of mucormycosis published during the 12-year target period, 19 reported patients with diabetes, two described mucormycosis as a post-COVID-19 complication, and 25 were reports from India. Most of the prosthetic treatments used a definitive obturator (63.3%) either alone or in combination with other forms of prosthetic rehabilitation. Other prosthetic strategies included an orbital prosthesis (26.6%), a facial prosthesis with or without a nasal replacement (16.6%), a surgical or interim obturator, a conventional complete denture, and a cast partial denture. Six articles (20%) mentioned the use of combined prosthetic rehabilitation involving multiple regions of the face and oral cavity. CONCLUSION: Prosthetic rehabilitation after surgical treatment of mucormycosis is essential for the early restoration of oral function and facial esthetics. Given the aggressive nature of mucormycosis and the increasing number of cases reported during the COVID-19 pandemic, prosthodontists need to share their experiences with prosthetic rehabilitation of the defects that result from this disease to improve patients' quality of life.

A custom-made brachytherapy applicator for recurrent endometrial and vaginal cancer: A dental technique for prosthesis fabrication.

The role of the prosthodontist in radiation therapy includes fabrication of radiation therapy prosthetic applicators. Brachytherapy is a form of cancer treatment that involves direct insertion of radioactive implants into the tissue. In the case of vaginal cancer, brachytherapy requires the radiation oncologist to use a device called an applicator. Conventional applicators have limitations in terms of the number of radiation tubes that can be inserted, positioning of the tubes, applicator misfit, and pain when inserted. A well-fitted applicator is needed to improve the orientation of the radiation source toward the target area and to reduce the amount of scatter radiation and tissue irritation. Using an appropriate dental material to make an impression can serve to achieve these aims. This article describes a technique for fabricating an acrylic resin custom-made applicator by using techniques used in dentistry.

Oral mark in the application of an individual identification: From ashes to truth.

Forensic odontology is the branch of dentistry which deals with the proper handling, examination, evaluation and presentation of dental findings in the interest of justice. After major disasters and perimortem assaults such as earthquakes, fires, severe head and neck trauma or gross decomposition, accurate and early identification of dead and injured becomes important. In the absence of other records in such cases, identification is based on restorations, missing teeth and prosthetic devices such as partial and complete removable/fixed prosthesis or implant retained devices. This brings out the major role of prosthodontics to investigate the identity of suspects in the criminal cases as well as the deceased human beings in traumatic injuries or in disasters. Denture identification systems are being used as means of postmortem identification of edentulous persons which has evolved from the inclusion of some form of printed label in a denture to more high-tech methods. The provision of implant retained complete lower denture, antemortem, and postmortem radiographs of edentulous persons and correlation of bite marks using special impression techniques provide another potential source of evidence for human identification. Hence, this literature review throws some light on the role played by prosthodontist in forensic odontology.

Accuracy of different putty-wash impression techniques with various spacer thickness.

One of the most important steps is accurate impression making for fabrication of fixed partial denture. The two different putty-wash techniques that are commonly used are: (1) Putty-wash one-step technique, (2) putty-wash two-step technique. A uniform wash space is needed for an accurate impression. Nissan et al recommended the use of two-step technique for accurate impression making as there is uniform wash space for the light body material to polymerize. The aim of the present study was to compare the accuracy of stone casts obtained from different putty-wash impression techniques using various spacer thickness. The critical factor that influences the accuracy of putty-wash impression techniques is the controlled wash bulk which is absent in one-step putty-wash impression technique and with polyethylene spacer was used. How to cite this article: Chugh A, Arora A, Singh VP. Accuracy of Different Putty-Wash Impression Techniques with Various Spacer Thickness. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2012;5(1):33-38.

Prosthetic rehabilitation of a child suffering from hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with complete anodontia.

A 7-year-old male, described in the case report, exhibited many of the manifestations of ectodermal dysplasia as well as behavioral problems. The treatment to improve his appearance and oral function included a removable prosthesis. The results were significant improvements in speech, masticatory function, and facial esthetics, contributing to the development of normal dietary habits, and the improved and more rapid social integration of the child. How to cite this article: Bala S, Nikhil M, Chugh A, Narwal A. Prosthetic Rehabilitation of a Child Suffering from Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia with Complete Anodontia. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2012;5(2):148-150.