RESUMO
The essential oil, various extracts at different polarity, fractions, and pure compounds obtained from Nigella damascena plants and seeds were screened for biological activity. Antimicrobial tests showed the essential oil to be active only against Gram positive bacteria; among the extracts, the BuOH was active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Molluscicidal activity was absent.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Moluscocidas/farmacologia , Nigella damascena , Fitoterapia , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Animais , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Moluscocidas/administração & dosagem , Moluscocidas/uso terapêutico , Óleos de Plantas/administração & dosagem , Óleos de Plantas/uso terapêutico , Caramujos/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Arcaricidal properties of decoctions, infusions and macerates of dried flower heads of camomile, Matricaria chamomilla L. (Asterales: Asteraceae) were tested in vitro against the mite Psoroptes cuniculi Delafond (Parasitiformes: Psoroptidae). This mite species is responsible for otoacariasis in domestic animals. Mites were exposed to the extracts for 24, 48 or 72 h. All the extracts tested showed highly significant acaricidal activity when compared with controls. Among them, a decoction of 10% was the only formulation which gave 100% activity at all the three observations times.
Assuntos
Inseticidas , Matricaria/química , Psoroptidae , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Extratos VegetaisRESUMO
AIMS: This study was focused on the preserving properties of Calamintha officinalis essential oil, a plant known for its diaphoretic, expectorant and aromatic properties. METHODS AND RESULTS: The commercial aerial parts of C. officinalis Moench were hydrodistilled and the essential oil analysed by Gas chromatography/Electron impact mass spectrometry (GC/EIMS). The inhibition efficacy of this essence, alone (0.5 and 1.0% v/v) and in combination with 2.0 mM EDTA, was assayed, in culture medium and in cetomacrogol cream, using preservative efficacy testing against standard microrganisms (E. coli ATCC 25922, Ps. aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Staph. aureus ATCC 6538P, C. albicans ATCC 10231 and A. niger ATCC 16404). C. officinalis essential oil in cetomacrogol cream with EDTA showed long-lasting antimicrobial activity, satisfying the European Pharmacopoeia Commission (E. P.) criteria. CONCLUSION: C. officinalis essential oil could have a potential for a future use as a cosmetic preservative. IMPACT OF THE STUDY: To find natural compounds with antimicrobial activity which could be alternatives to the synthetic chemical preservatives.
Assuntos
Ácido Edético/farmacologia , Microbiologia Industrial , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/metabolismo , Conservantes Farmacêuticos/farmacologia , Aspergillus niger/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Cetomacrogol/metabolismo , Meios de Cultura , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Some essential oils obtained from the branches of four Pinus species (P. pinea L., P. halepensis Mill., P. pinaster Soil in Ait., and P. nigra Arnold) have been evaluated for their acaricidal activity by aerial diffusion against the stored food mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae (L.). All the essential oils showed a good efficacy, but P. pinea oil and its two constituents 1,8-cineole and limonene were the most effective compounds, showing 100% acaricidal activity at 8 microL; 1,8-cineole showed the same activity at 6 microL.
Assuntos
Contaminação de Alimentos , Inseticidas , Ácaros , Monoterpenos , Óleos Voláteis/química , Pinus/química , Óleos de Plantas/química , Monoterpenos Acíclicos , Animais , Monoterpenos Bicíclicos , Cicloexanóis/análise , Cicloexenos , Eucaliptol , Limoneno , Estruturas Vegetais/química , Sesquiterpenos Policíclicos , Sesquiterpenos/análise , Terpenos/análiseRESUMO
The antimicrobial activity on bacteria and fungi of increasing polarity extracts of Rubus ulmifolius and that of some isolated constituents, quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide; kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide, gallic acid, ferulic acid and tiliroside was evaluated. The phenolic and tannins fractions showed an high antimicrobial activity.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Rosaceae/química , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Fitoterapia/métodos , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Folhas de PlantaAssuntos
Artemisia , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Infestações por Ácaros/veterinária , Ácaros/efeitos dos fármacos , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Administração Cutânea , Animais , Inseticidas/administração & dosagem , Inseticidas/uso terapêutico , Infestações por Ácaros/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Óleos de Plantas/administração & dosagem , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/uso terapêutico , Coelhos/parasitologiaRESUMO
The antimicrobial activity of extracts of Geum rivale (Rosaceae) and that of some isolated constituents, on bacteria and fungi, was evaluated. The activity was concentrated in the triterpenes fraction and, for gram+ and gram- bacteria, also in the flavonoids fraction.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos , Rosácea , Antibacterianos , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
The chemical composition of the essential oil of Calamintha nepeta and its antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella veneziana, S. paratyphi B. S. typhimurium, Fusarium moniliforme, Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus niger and Pyricularia oryzae have been studied. Moreover the main constituents of the oil (limonene, menthone, pulegone, menthol) have been tested against the same microorganisms. Only pulegone showed antimicrobial activity, particularly against all the Salmonella species.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Mentol/análogos & derivados , Monoterpenos , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Antibacterianos , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatografia Gasosa , Monoterpenos Cicloexânicos , Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos , Mentol/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
Methanol and aqueous extracts of Artemisia verlotorum and Santolina etrusca were screened in vitro against Saprolegnia ferax and for all extracts the MIC were determined. Screening was performed also on two fractions of the aqueous extracts.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Artemisia/química , Oomicetos/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
The biological activity of methanol and water extracts of Mutisia acuminata Ruiz et Pavon var. acuminata (Asteraceae) against bacteria and fungi (spores and mycelia) was evaluated. The role of pH of the medium in antimicrobial activity was investigated.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Antibacterianos , Bacillus subtilis/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos , Listeria monocytogenes/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacosAssuntos
Doenças das Cabras , Inseticidas/uso terapêutico , Infestações por Ácaros/veterinária , Monoterpenos , Otite/veterinária , Plantas , Terpenos/uso terapêutico , Monoterpenos Acíclicos , Administração Tópica , Animais , Cabras , Inseticidas/administração & dosagem , Ivermectina/uso terapêutico , Infestações por Ácaros/tratamento farmacológico , Ácaros , Otite/tratamento farmacológico , Otite/parasitologia , Coelhos , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos , Terpenos/administração & dosagem , Triclorfon/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The pharmacological activity of many essential oils on a large number of human and animal pathogens, as used in folk medicine, has been confirmed world-wide by several laboratory investigations. Unfortunately, the biological properties of essential oils can be extremely inconsistent because of the variability of their chemical composition. The acaricidal activities of some natural terpenoids, which are the main constitutents of several essential oils, were evaluated in vitro against the mange mite (Psoroptes cuniculi) of the rabbit, by direct contact and by inhalation. Because the test components represent different chemical classes (hydrocarbons, alcohols, and phenols, with free and esterified or etherified functional groups), it was also possible to discern in a preliminary fashion a correlation between chemical structure and acaricidal activity. The results obtained suggest that molecules possessing free alcoholic or phenolic groups showed the most potent acaricidal activity.
Assuntos
Inseticidas/toxicidade , Ácaros , Plantas , Terpenos/toxicidade , Animais , Feminino , Inseticidas/química , Masculino , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos Voláteis/toxicidade , Coelhos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Terpenos/químicaRESUMO
Lavandula angustifolia Miller essential oil and some of its main constituents, i.e. linalool, linalyl acetate, and camphor were tested in vitro for their bioactivities against Psoroptes cuniculi (Delafond, 1859), mite of the rabbit. The essential oil and linalool were found to have very powerful miticidal activities.
Assuntos
Cânfora , Inseticidas , Ácaros , Monoterpenos , Terpenos , Monoterpenos Acíclicos , Animais , Óleos de Plantas/química , Coelhos/parasitologiaRESUMO
Essential oils from Satureja montana L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Thymus vulgaris L., and Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi, were chemically analysed and their antimicrobial and fungicide activities evaluated on the basis of their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). All four oils have a biotoxic effect, the most active being those from Calamintha and Thymus.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Antibacterianos , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatografia Gasosa , Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos , Mar Mediterrâneo , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
Four samples of lavandino essential oil were investigated for their antimycobacterial activity, and were found to be very effective against some strains of non-tubercolar Mycobacteria (NTM). The mechanism of this effect is discussed.