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1.
J Med Virol ; 96(3): e29511, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38469884

RESUMO

To date, former research about the impact of HIV infection on mpox poor outcomes is still limited and controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of HIV on the clinical course of mpox, in a large population of patients from Spain. Nationwide case-series study. Patients from 18 Spanish hospitals, with PCR-confirmed mpox from April 27, 2022 to June 30, 2023 were included in this study. The main outcome was the development of long or complicated (LC) mpox, defined as: (i) duration of the clinical course ≥ 28 days, or; (ii) disseminated disease, or: (iii) emergence of severe complications. One thousand eight hundred twenty-three individuals were included. Seven hundred eighty-six (43%) were people living with HIV (PLWH), of whom 11 (1%) had a CD4 cell count < 200 cells/mm3 and 33 (3%) <350 cells/mm3 . HIV viral load ≥ 1000 cp/mL was found in 27 (3%) PLWH, none of them were on effective ART. Fifteen (60%) PLWH with HIV-RNA ≥ 1000 cp/mL showed LC versus 182 (29%) PLWH with plasma HIV-RNA load < 1000 copies/mL and 192 (24%) individuals without HIV infection (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, adjusted by age, sex, CD4 cell counts and HIV viral load at the time of mpox, only plasma HIV-RNA ≥ 1000 cp/mL was associated with a greater risk of developing LC mpox [adjusted OR = 4.06 (95% confidence interval 1.57-10.51), p = 0.004]. PLWH with uncontrolled HIV infection, due to lack of ART, are at a greater risk of developing LC mpox. Efforts should be made to ensure HIV testing is carried out in patients with mpox and to start ART without delay in those tested positive.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Mpox , Humanos , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Progressão da Doença , RNA
2.
Antiviral Res ; 222: 105795, 2024 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38181855

RESUMO

BACKGROUND & AIMS: It has been reported that specific killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and HLA genotype combinations, such as KIR2DS4/HLA-C1 with presence of KIRDL2 or KIRDL3, homozygous KIRDL3/HLA-C1 and KIR3DL1/≥2HLA-Bw4, are strongly associated with the lack of active infection and seroconversion after exposition to hepatitis C virus (HCV). OBJECTIVE: To determine whether these KIR-HLA combinations are relevant factors involved in that phenotype. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this retrospective case-control study, genotype data from a genome-wide association study previously performed on low susceptibility to HCV-infection carried out on 27 high-risk HCV-seronegative (HRSN) individuals and 743 chronically infected (CI) subjects were used. HLA alleles were imputed using R package HIBAG v1.2223 and KIR genotypes were imputed using the online resource KIR*IMP v1.2.0. RESULTS: It was possible to successfully impute at least one KIR-HLA genotype combination previously associated with the lack of infection and seroconversion after exposition to HCV in a total of 23 (85.2%) HRSN individuals and in 650 (87.5%) CI subjects. No KIR-HLA genotype combination analyzed was related to the HRSN condition. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that those KIR-HLA genotype combinations are not relevant factors involved in the lack of infection and seroconversion after exposition to HCV. More studies will be needed to completely understand this phenotype.


Assuntos
Hepacivirus , Hepatite C , Humanos , Hepacivirus/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Soroconversão , Genótipo , Receptores KIR/genética
3.
Open Forum Infect Dis ; 10(11): ofad532, 2023 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37965642

RESUMO

Background: Lockdown due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to increases in weight in part of the population. Weight gain leads to hepatic steatosis (HS). Antiretroviral treatment could also influence HS in people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH). The impact of lockdown on HS in PWH is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in HS, as measured by the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), during the COVID-19 pandemic in PWH. Methods: This was a cohort study that included PWH who attended a tertiary care center in southern Spain from January 2018 to December 2021. The CAP was evaluated by transient elastography. Only those who had a valid CAP before and after March 2020 were included. HS was defined as CAP ≥248 dB/m. Results: Six hundred eighty PWH were attended and 488 (71.8%) were included. Two hundred and fourteen (43.9%) had HS at baseline and 239 (49%) at the end of the follow-up (P = .036). The median change in CAP among PWH taking tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) was 8.5 (interquartile range [IQR], -24 to 46.3) dB/m versus -4 (IQR, -35 to 27) dB/m among PWH receiving TAF-free regimens (P = .003). After multivariate analysis, adjusted by sex and age, weight gain (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.09 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.05-1.14]; P < .001), TAF therapy (AOR, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.07-2.35]; P = .021), plasma triglycerides (AOR, 1.01 [95% CI, 1-1.01]; P < .001), and fasting blood glucose (AOR, 1.01 [95% CI, 1-1.02]; P = .027) were associated with HS at the end of follow-up. Conclusions: The frequency of HS increased during the COVID-19 pandemic among PWH. TAF is associated with HS development, regardless of metabolic factors.

4.
AIDS ; 37(14): 2259-2262, 2023 11 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37877283

RESUMO

We studied hepatic steatosis in people with HIV (PWH) who switched to an integrase inhibitor (INSTI)-based regimen. One hundred and fifty-four PWH were included. After 48 weeks, median (Q1-Q3) weight gain was 1.2 (-0.6 to 3.8) kg and median (Q1-Q3) controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) change was -4 (-33 to 27) dB/m. Weight gain was weakly correlated with CAP change [R2 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.144 (-0.014 to 0.296); P = 0.074)]. Changes in hepatic steatosis after switching to INSTI-based regimens do not seem to parallel weight gain after 1 year.


Assuntos
Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade , Fígado Gorduroso , Infecções por HIV , Inibidores de Integrase de HIV , Humanos , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Integrase de HIV/efeitos adversos , Aumento de Peso
5.
J Antimicrob Chemother ; 78(10): 2591-2596, 2023 10 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37671831

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: HIV infection has been associated with lower rates of sustained viral response (SVR) with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). There are few data on glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (G/P) in HIV/HCV coinfection outside clinical trials. METHODS: The HEPAVIR-DAA cohort, which recruits HIV/HCV-coinfected patients (NCT02057003) and the GEHEP-MONO cohort (NCT02333292), including HCV-monoinfected individuals, are two concurrent ongoing multicentre cohorts of patients receiving anti-HCV treatment. Patients starting G/P included in those cohorts were analysed. Overall SVR (ITT), discontinuations due to adverse effects, and dropouts were evaluated and compared between both cohorts. RESULTS: Of the 644 patients who started G/P with evaluable SVR, 132 were HIV/HCV coinfected. Overall SVR rates were 487/512 (95.1%) in HCV-monoinfected patients versus 126/132 (95.5%) in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients (P = 1.000). One patient (0.8%) relapsed, and another (0.8%) discontinued treatment due to side effects. SVR to 8 or 12 weeks of treatment with G/P was similar in HIV/HCV-coinfected versus HCV-monoinfected patients. The main reason for not reaching SVR among HIV/HCV-coinfected patients was premature dropout linked to active drug use. CONCLUSIONS: G/P in HIV/HCV coinfection was highly effective and tolerable in clinical practice. SVR to 8 or 12 weeks of treatment with G/P was similar in HIV/HCV-coinfected compared with HCV-monoinfected patients but active drug use is still a barrier to reach HCV microelimination.


Assuntos
Coinfecção , Infecções por HIV , Hepatite C Crônica , Humanos , Antivirais/farmacologia , Coinfecção/tratamento farmacológico , Coinfecção/complicações , Hepatite C Crônica/complicações , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto
6.
iScience ; 26(7): 107214, 2023 Jul 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37456859

RESUMO

Some HIV controllers experience immunologic progression with CD4+ T cell decline. We aimed to identify genetic factors associated with CD4+ T cell lost in HIV controllers. A total of 561 HIV controllers were included, 442 and 119 from the International HIV controllers Study Cohort and the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, respectively. No SNP or gene was associated with the long-term non-progressor HIV spontaneous control phenotype in the individual GWAS or in the meta-analysis. However, SNPs previously associated with natural HIV control linked to HLA-B (rs2395029 [p = 0.005; OR = 1.70], rs59440261 [p = 0.003; OR = 1.78]), MICA (rs112243036 [p = 0.011; OR = 1.45]), and PSORS1C1 loci (rs3815087 [p = 0.017; OR = 1.39]) showed nominal association with this phenotype. Genetic factors associated with the long-term HIV controllers without risk of immunologic progression are those previously related to the overall HIV controller phenotype.

7.
Liver Int ; 43(7): 1427-1439, 2023 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37183550

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: People living with HIV (PLWH) are at high risk for advanced chronic liver disease and related adverse outcomes. We aimed to validate the prognostic value of non-invasive scores based on liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and on markers of portal hypertension (PH), namely platelets and spleen diameter, in PLWH. METHODS: We combined data from eight international cohorts of PLWH with available non-invasive scores, including LSM and the composite biomarkers liver stiffness-spleen size-to-platelet ratio score (LSPS), LSM-to-Platelet ratio (LPR) and PH risk score. Incidence and predictors of all-cause mortality, any liver-related event and classical hepatic decompensation were determined by survival analysis, controlling for competing risks for the latter two. Non-invasive scores were assessed and compared using area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC). RESULTS: We included 1695 PLWH (66.8% coinfected with hepatitis C virus). During a median follow-up of 4.7 (interquartile range 2.8-7.7) years, the incidence rates of any liver-related event, all-cause mortality and hepatic decompensation were 13.7 per 1000 persons-year (PY) (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.4-16.3), 13.8 per 1000 PY (95% CI, 11.6-16.4) and 9.9 per 1000 PY (95% CI, 8.1-12.2), respectively. The AUROC of LSM was similar to that of the composite biomarkers, ranging between 0.83 and 0.86 for any liver-related event, 0.79-0.85 for all-cause mortality and 0.87-0.88 for classical hepatic decompensation. All individual non-invasive scores remained independent predictors of clinical outcomes in multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Non-invasive scores based on LSM, spleen diameter and platelets predict clinical outcomes in PLWH. Composite biomarkers do not achieve higher prognostic performance compared to LSM alone.


Assuntos
Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade , Infecções por HIV , Hipertensão Portal , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática , Prognóstico , Baço/diagnóstico por imagem , Plaquetas , Fígado/diagnóstico por imagem , Fígado/patologia , Hipertensão Portal/complicações , Infecções por HIV/complicações
8.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37230839

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Periodic outbreaks of hepatitis A (HAV) infection in men who have sex with men (MSM) have been reported. Low vaccination uptake in HIV-infected individuals could drive new outbreaks. We aimed at evaluating the incidence of and risk factors for HAV infection in people living with HIV (PLWH) in our area. We also assessed the rates of HAV vaccination. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study. 915 patients were included, 272 (30%) of them were anti-HAV seronegative at baseline. RESULTS: Twenty-six (9.6%) susceptible individuals became infected. Incident cases peaked in 2009-2010 and 2017-2018. Incident HAV infection was independently associated with MSM [adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence ratio): 4.39 (1.35-14.27), p=0.014]. One hundred and five (38.6%) HAV seronegative patients were vaccinated, 21 (20%) of them did not respond, and one (1%) patient lost immunity against HAV. Four (29%) non-responders to vaccination showed incident HAV 5-9 years afterwards. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of HAV infection in a cohort of well-controlled PLWH remains low and stable, with intermittent outbreaks involving mainly non-immunized MSM. A significant proportion of PLWH remain susceptible to HAV infection due to insufficient vaccine uptake and limited response to vaccination. Importantly, patients not responding to HAV vaccination continue at risk of infection.

9.
J Med Virol ; 95(3): e28602, 2023 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36880164

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to assess the immunogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines among people living with HIV (PLWH) with severe immunosuppression, after a booster dose. The design was a case-control study nested in a prospective cohort of PLWH. All patients with CD4 cell count <200 cells/mm3 who had received additional dose of messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccine, after a standard immunization scheme were included. Control group: patients age- and sex-matched, with CD4 ≥ 200 cells/mm3 , in the ratio of 2:1. Antibody response to a booster dose (anti-S levels 33.8 ≥ BAU/mL) and neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 B.1, B.1.617.2, and Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5 strains were assessed after the booster shot. Fifty-four PLWH were included, 18 with CD4 counts < 200 cells/mm3 . Fifty-one (94%) showed response to a booster dose. Response was less frequent in PLWH with CD4 < 200 cells/mm3 than in those with CD4 counts ≥ 200 cells/mm3 (15 [83%] vs. 36 [100%], p = 0.033). In the multivariate analysis, CD4 counts ≥ 200 cells/mm3 [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 18.1 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16.8-19.5), p < 0.001] was associated with a higher probability of showing antibody response. Neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 B.1, B.1.617, BA.1, and BA.2 strains was significantly inferior among individuals with CD4 counts < 200 cells/mm3 . In conclusion, among PLWH with CD4 counts < 200 cells/mm3 , the immune response elicited by mRNA additional vaccine dose is reduced.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Infecções por HIV , Humanos , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Formação de Anticorpos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Prospectivos , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , SARS-CoV-2 , Terapia de Imunossupressão , RNA Mensageiro , Anticorpos Antivirais
10.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) ; 41(3): 144-148, 2023 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36870731

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To assess HAV serologic and vaccination status among people who live with HIV (PLWH), and to evaluate the impact of a vaccination-based strategy on HAV-negative patients in Seville, Spain. METHODS: Study with two time-overlapping phases: (i) cross-sectional study of HAV immunity prevalence among PLWH followed at a Spanish hospital between August 2019 and March 2020. (ii) Patients seronegative for HAV, reliably unvaccinated were included in a before-and-after quasi-experimental study, with an intervention focused on HAV vaccination according to national recommendations in force. RESULTS: Six hundred and fifty-six patients were included, of which 111 [17%, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 14-20%] were seronegative for HAV. Of these, 48 [43% (95% CI, 34-53%)] individuals were MSM. The absence of HAV immunity was attributed in 69 [62% (95% CI, 52-71%)] patients to non-referral to vaccination, followed by lack of achievement of a correct vaccination scheme [n=26; 23% (95% CI, 16-32%)]. After the program implementation, 96 [15% (95% CI, 12-18%)] individuals were seronegative (17% vs. 15%, p=0.256), of whom 42 [41% (95% CI, 32-51%)] were MSM. The absence of immunity after the intervention was mainly attributed to: adherence failure in 23 [24.0% (95% CI, 15.8-33.7%)] patients, on-course immunization scheme in 34 [33% (95% CI, 24-43%)] individuals and pending appointment at the vaccine delivery unit in 20 [20.8% (95% CI, 13.2-30.3%)] patients. CONCLUSIONS: A sizeable proportion of PLWH remains susceptible for HAV infection in future outbreaks. A program based on referral to the vaccine delivery unit yields poor results, largely due to program adherence failures. New strategies are needed to increase HAV vaccination coverage.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , HIV , Humanos , Cobertura Vacinal , Estudos Transversais , Imunização
13.
Sci Rep ; 12(1): 21897, 2022 12 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36536019

RESUMO

The diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) requires liver biopsy. Patients with NASH are at risk of progression to advanced fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. A reliable non-invasive tool for the detection of NASH is needed. We aimed at developing a tool to diagnose NASH based on a predictive model including routine clinical and transient hepatic elastography (TE) data. All subjects undergoing elective cholecystectomy in our center were invited to participate, if alcohol intake was < 30 g/d for men and < 15 g/d for women. TE with controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) was obtained before surgery. A liver biopsy was taken during surgery. Multivariate logistic regression models to predict NASH were constructed with the first 100 patients, the elaboration group, and the results were validated in the next pre-planned 50 patients. Overall, 155 patients underwent liver biopsy. In the elaboration group, independent predictors of NASH were CAP value [adjusted OR (AOR) 1.024, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.002-1.046, p = 0.030] and HOMA value (AOR 1.847, 95% CI 1.203-2.835, p < 0.001). An index derived from the logistic regression equation to identify NASH was designated as the CAP-insulin resistance (CIR) score. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (95%CI) of the CIR score was 0.93 (0.87-0.99). Positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) of the CIR score were 82% and 91%, respectively. In the validation set, PPV was 83% and NPV was 88%. In conclusion, the CIR score, a simple index based on CAP and HOMA, can reliably identify patients with and without NASH.


Assuntos
Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade , Resistência à Insulina , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/patologia , Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade/métodos , Fígado/patologia , Curva ROC , Biópsia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Cirrose Hepática/patologia
14.
J Infect ; 85(3): 322-326, 2022 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35700867

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Real world data on glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (G/P) among active drug users are scarce. We evaluated the sustained virological response (SVR) rates of G/P among individuals with and without active drug use in routine clinical practice. METHODS: Two ongoing prospective multicenter cohorts of individuals starting G/P were analyzed. Overall SVR intention-to-treat (ITT), discontinuations due to adverse effects and dropouts were evaluated. Results in patients with active, past and without active drug use were compared. RESULTS: Overall, 644 individuals started G/P and have reached the date of SVR evaluation. Of them, 613 (95.2%) individuals achieved SVR. There were two (0.3%) relapses, one (0.2%) discontinuation due to side effects and 35 (5.4%) dropouts. SVR rates for patients with active drug use, past drug use and those who never used drugs were 85.4%(n/N = 70/82), 96.1%(n/N = 320/333) and 97.4%(n/N = 223/229) respectively (p < 0.001). After adjustment by sex, age, HCV genotype and opioid agonist therapy, active drug use was the only factor independently associated with SVR (ITT) [adjusted OR (95%confidence interval): 0.29(0.09-0.99),p = 0.048]. CONCLUSIONS: Active drug use was independently associated with lower SVR rates to G/P, mainly due to voluntary dropout. G/P could be particularly beneficial in this scenario but specific strategies designed to increase the retention in care are needed.


Assuntos
Hepacivirus , Hepatite C , Ácidos Aminoisobutíricos , Antivirais/farmacologia , Benzimidazóis , Ciclopropanos , Combinação de Medicamentos , Genótipo , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepatite C/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Lactamas Macrocíclicas , Leucina/análogos & derivados , Prolina/análogos & derivados , Estudos Prospectivos , Pirrolidinas , Quinoxalinas , Sulfonamidas , Resultado do Tratamento
15.
Clin Microbiol Infect ; 28(11): 1492-1498, 2022 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35640840

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 available vaccines among people living with HIV (PLWH) after a complete vaccination scheme, and determine predictors of seroconversion. METHODS: This multicentre prospective cohort study included 420 PLWH who had received a standard immunization, either with mRNA or adenoviral-vectored COVID-19 vaccines. Antibody response was evaluated within 1 to 2 months after the last dose of the vaccine with a quantitative determination of antitrimeric spike protein-specific IgG antibodies and IgG neutralizing antibodies. RESULTS: Overall, 384 of 420 PLWH (91%) showed antibody response to vaccination. Seroconversion was observed in 308 of 326 individuals with cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) counts ≥350 cells/mm3 (95%), 55 of 61 PLWH with 200 to 349 cells/mm3 (90%), and 21 of 33 PLWH with CD4 counts <200 cells/mm3 (64%; p < 0.001). The median log10 IgG neutralization levels were 2.4 IU/mL (Q1-Q3, 1.0-3.1) among PLWH with CD4 counts <200 cells/mm3, 3.1 IU/mL (Q1-Q3, 2.8-3.4) for the 200 to 349 cells/mm3 group, and 3.1 IU/mL (Q1-Q3, 2.7-3.4) for PLWH with CD4 counts ≥350 cells/mm3 (p = 0.016). In the multivariate analysis, CD4 counts ≥350 cells/mm3 (OR: 7.10; 95% CI, 1.91-26.46; p = 0.004) and receiving mRNA-vectored COVID-19 vaccines (OR: 8.19; 95% CI, 3.24-20.70; p ≤ 0.001) were independently associated with a higher probability of response to vaccination. DISCUSSION: HIV-related immunosuppression impairs the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Specific vaccination schemes should be urgently tailored in this setting, particularly in patients with CD4 cell counts <200 cells/µL. Adenoviral-vectored vaccines should be avoided in PLWH whenever possible.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Infecções por HIV , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência , Humanos , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus , SARS-CoV-2 , Estudos Prospectivos , Anticorpos Antivirais , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Imunoglobulina G , Terapia de Imunossupressão , Vacinação , RNA Mensageiro
17.
Transbound Emerg Dis ; 69(4): e267-e275, 2022 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34405560

RESUMO

Whether people living with HIV (PLWH) are at greater risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection is currently unknown. Prospective serologic studies may allow seroincidence analyses, where all infections are accurately identified. Because of this, we evaluated the incidence of associated factors with and the clinical outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in PLWH in Southern Spain. This prospective cohort study included PLWH from a Tertiary University Hospital in Southern Spain. Patients were enrolled in the study if (1) they had attended as outpatients our Unit from 1 August 2019 to 8 February 2020 and (2) had two subsequent evaluations from 9 February 2020 to 4 March 2021. SARS-CoV-2 infections were diagnosed by PCR, antigen detection or serology. Seven hundred and nine PLWH were included in the study. Of them, 55 [7.8%, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 5.9%-9.9%] patients developed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Between 18 May and 29 November 2020, the rate of seroconversion was 5.3% (95% CI: 3.1%-9.0%) for the general population in the area of Seville and 2.3% (95% CI: 1.3%-2.6%) for PLWH in this study (p = .001). After multivariable analysis, adjusted by age, sex, and risk factors for HIV infection, active tobacco use and CDC stage, active tobacco smoking was the only factor independently associated with lower risk of SARS-Cov-2 infection [Incidence rate ratio: 0.29 (95% CI 0.16-0.55) p < .001]. In conclusion, the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among PLWH in Southern Spain during the ongoing pandemic was lower than that reported for the general population in the same area.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Infecções por HIV , Animais , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/veterinária , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/veterinária , Humanos , Incidência , Pandemias , Estudos Prospectivos , SARS-CoV-2 , Espanha/epidemiologia
18.
J Pers Med ; 11(12)2021 Dec 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34945790

RESUMO

Emerging studies have suggested several chromosomal regions as potential host genetic factors involved in the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease outcome. We nested a COVID-19 genome-wide association study using the GR@ACE/DEGESCO study, searching for susceptibility factors associated with COVID-19 disease. To this end, we compared 221 COVID-19 confirmed cases with 17,035 individuals in whom the COVID-19 disease status was unknown. Then, we performed a meta-analysis with the publicly available data from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative. Because the APOE locus has been suggested as a potential modifier of COVID-19 disease, we added sensitivity analyses stratifying by dementia status or by disease severity. We confirmed the existence of the 3p21.31 region (LZTFL1, SLC6A20) implicated in the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and TYK2 gene might be involved in COVID-19 severity. Nevertheless, no statistically significant association was observed in the COVID-19 fatal outcome or in the stratified analyses (dementia-only and non-dementia strata) for the APOE locus not supporting its involvement in SARS-CoV-2 pathobiology or COVID-19 prognosis.

19.
Diagnostics (Basel) ; 11(8)2021 Aug 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34441435

RESUMO

Liver stiffness (LS) at sustained virological response (SVR) after direct-acting antivirals (DAA)-based therapy is a predictor of liver events in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients. The study aim was to identify genetic factors associated with LS changes from the moment of starting anti-HCV therapy to SVR. This prospective study included HCV-infected patients from the GEHEP-011 cohort who achieved SVR with DAA-based therapy, with LS pre-treatment ≥ 9.5 kPa and LS measurement available at SVR. Plink and Magma software were used to carry out genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based and gene-based association analyses, respectively. The ShinyGO application was used for exploring enrichment in Gene Ontology (GO) categories for biological processes. Overall, 242 patients were included. Median (quartile 1, quartile 3) LS values at pre-treatment and at SVR were 16.8 (12, 28) kPa and 12.0 (8.5, 19.3) kPa, respectively. Thirty-five SNPs and three genes reached suggestive association with LS changes from the moment of starting anti-HCV therapy to SVR. GO categories related to DNA packaging complex, DNA conformation change, chromosome organization and chromatin organization were significantly enriched. Our study reports possible genetic factors associated with LS changes during HCV-infection cure. In addition, our results suggest that processes related to DNA conformation are also involved in these changes.

20.
AIDS ; 35(13): 2119-2127, 2021 11 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34049354

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: There is scarce available evidence on the distribution over time of liver complications emergence in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients who achieve sustained virological response (SVR) with direct-acting antiviral (DAA)-based therapy. Therefore, we aimed at describing the kinetics of liver-related events appearance in this setting. DESIGN: A multicentric prospective cohort study. METHODS: HCV-monoinfected and HIV/HCV-coinfected patients from GEHEP-011 cohort, whose inclusion criteria were had achieved SVR with DAA-based therapy; liver stiffness prior to starting treatment at least 9.5 kPa; and available liver stiffness measurement at SVR. SVR was considered as the baseline time-point. RESULTS: One thousand and thirty-five patients were included, 664 (64%) coinfected with HIV. Before DAA-based therapy, 63 (6.1%) individuals showed decompensated cirrhosis. After SVR, 51 (4.9%) patients developed liver complications. Median (Q1-Q3) time to the emergence of hepatic events was hepatic encephalopathy 11 (7-24) months, ascites 14 (6-29) months, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 17 (11-42) months and portal hypertension gastrointestinal bleeding (PHGB) 28 (22-38) months (P = 0.152). We define two profiles of liver complications: those emerging earlier (encephalopathy and ascites) and, those occurring continuously during the follow-up (HCC, PHGB) [median (Q1-Q3) time to emergence 12.7 (6.6-28.2) months vs. 25.4 (12.5-41.53) months, respectively (P = 0.026)]. CONCLUSION: The vast majority of HCV-infected patients who develop liver complications after reaching SVR with DAA do it within 3 years after SVR time-point. Specifically, hepatic encephalopathy and ascites do not usually emerge after this period. Conversely, HCC and PHGB may occur in longer term. It is critical to identify patients at risk of developing hepatic events to continue performing surveillance for them.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Coinfecção , Infecções por HIV , Hepatite C Crônica , Hepatite C , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Coinfecção/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Hepacivirus , Hepatite C/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatite C Crônica/complicações , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Cinética , Cirrose Hepática , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Prospectivos
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