Age estimation by pulp canal/root ratio in Yorkshire terrier dogs.

Background: The study of the morphological parameters of teeth on dental radiographic images, especially evaluation of the pulp canal/root ratio (PCRR), has been presented as a reliable method to estimate age both in humans and animals. Evaluating PCRR involves a simple, nondestructive procedure that can be used both in living individuals and in cadavers. There is a scarcity of studies assessing the relationship between PCRR and age in dogs (Canis lupus familiaris). Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between PCRR and age in Yorkshire terrier dogs. Animals and procedures: Dental radiographs of 53 Yorkshire terrier dogs from the database of the Odontovet Veterinary Dentistry Center (Brazil) were analyzed. Using ImageJ software, 3 consecutive measurements of the widths of 2 roots (mesial and distal) and their respective pulp canals were taken at both mandibular molar teeth (left, 309 and right, 409). The PCRR was then calculated using width means. Results: The PCRR decreased with increasing age in both mesial (0.21 ± 0.09 in animals aged < 24 mo, 0.12 ± 0.04 in animals aged between 25 and 96 mo, and 0.09 ± 0.03 in dogs aged > 96 mo) and distal (0.24 ± 0.11, 1.01 ± 0.03, and 0.09 ± 0.03, by the same order) roots. A statistically significant, moderate negative correlation was demonstrated between age and PCRR of the mesial [rs (97) = -0.545; P < 0.001] and distal [rs (98) = -0.578; P < 0.001] roots. Conclusion and clinical relevance: This work contributes to the knowledge of PCRR in dogs and its relationship with age, paving the way for further studies using larger samples in different canine breeds.

Estimation de l'âge par le rapport canal pulpaire/racine chez des chiens de race Yorkshire. Contexte: L'examen des paramètres morphologiques des dents sur des radiographies dentaires, particulièrement l'évaluation du rapport canal pulpaire/racine (PCRR), a été présenté comme une méthode fiable d'estimer l'âge chez les humains et les animaux. L'évaluation du PCRR est faite au moyen d'une procédure simple et non-destructive qui peut être utilisée autant chez les individus vivants que sur des cadavres. Il y a peu d'études évaluant la relation entre le PCRR et l'âge chez les chiens (Canis lupus familiaris). Objectif: L'objectif de la présente étude était d'évaluer la relation entre le PCRR et l'âge chez des chiens de race Yorkshire. Animaux et procédures: Les radiographies dentaires de 53 chiens de race Yorkshire provenant de la base de données du Centre de dentisterie vétérinaire Odontovet (Brésil) ont été analysées. À l'aide du logiciel ImageJ, 3 mesures consécutives de la largeur de 2 racines (mésiale et distale) et de leur canal pulpaire respectif ont été prises au niveau des dents molaires mandibulaires (gauche, 309 et droite, 409). Le PCRR a par la suite été calculé utilisant les moyennes des largeurs. Résultats: Le PCRR diminuait avec une augmentation de l'âge autant pour la racine mésiale (0,21 ± 0,09 chez les animaux âgés de < 24 mo, 0,12 ± 0,04 chez les animaux âgés entre 25 et 96 mo, et 0,09 ± 0,03 chez les chiens de > 96 mo) que pour la racine distale (0,24 ± 0,11, 1,01 ± 0,03, 0,09 ± 0,03, dans le même ordre d'âge). Une différence statistiquement significative, corrélation modérément négative a été mise en évidence entre l'âge et le PCRR pour la racine mésiale [rs (97) = −0,545; P < 0,001] et la racine distale [rs (98) = −0,578; P < 0,001]. Conclusion et pertinence clinique: Cette étude contribue à la connaissance du PCRR chez les chiens et sa relation avec l'âge, ouvrant la voie à des études ultérieures avec un échantillonnage plus grand et différentes races de chien.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

Prognostic Value of Intratumoral Collagen Quantification in Canine Oral Melanomas.

The majority of the melanocytic neoplasms are considered malignant and highly metastatic. However, a subset of the melanocytic tumors has a more favorable prognosis and the identification of precise prognostic markers for this neoplasm may be useful to guide treatment. The collagen architecture and density have been shown to correlate with tumor progression in human breast cancer and canine mast cell tumors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prognostic value of the intratumoral collagen index (ICI) as an indicator of postsurgical survival and its relation with other prognostic markers for canine oral melanomas (OMs). Twenty-two cases were tested for intratumoral collagen density using Masson's trichrome stain and morphometry. No differences were found between dogs regarding survival. The ICI was not correlated with proliferative activity or nuclear atypia. The results presented herein indicate that the quantity of intratumoral collagen in canine OMs is not an efficient indicator of postsurgical survival. Complementary studies about the expression and activity of enzymes that are capable of degrading extracellular matrix (ECM) components are necessary.

Reattachment of tooth fragment: an in vitro study.

Canine tooth fracture is common in dogs. Application of an esthetic and durable restoration may be challenging in veterinary dental practice. This study used traditional human dental laboratory methods to evaluate fracture strength of intact dog canine teeth and fractured teeth that had been restored by reattachment of the tooth fragment. The results showed that the teeth restored by reattachment of the tooth fragment supported a test load equal to 45.4 % of the load necessary to fracture intact canine teeth.

Facial trauma in a dog: advantages of the use of computed tomography on diagnostic of caudal fractures of mandible / Trauma facial em um cão: vantagens do uso da tomografia computadorizada no diagnóstico de fraturas caudais da mandíbula

A multiple mandible fracture was diagnosed in a mixed breed dog. After clinical examination, extra-oral radiographs were used to evaluate the trauma but, a complete visualization of the fractures extension was difficult due to the great of structures of cranium. Then, the computed tomography was accomplished to help and to find all osseous tissues fractured, their exact location, existent fragments and their positions; being superior to the radiograph exam in the accurate diagnosis realized.

Um caso de fratura múltipla de mandíbula foi diagnosticado em um cão sem raça definida. Após exame clínico, radiografias extra-orais foram utilizadas para se avaliar a extensão do traumatismo, mas uma completa visualização da extensão das fraturas estava dificultada pela grande sobreposição de estruturas do crânio. A tomografia computadorizada foi então realizada para colaborar na identificação de todos os focos de fratura, de suas exatas localizações, da presença de fragmentos e de suas posições, mostrando-se superior ao exame radiográfico na realização de um diagnóstico preciso.

Oral fractures in dogs of Brazil--a retrospective study.

A retrospective study was performed in 100 dogs with 121 mandibular and 21 maxillary fractures. Dog fight (43.0%) and automobile (12.0%) trauma were the most common etiologies for fracture. The cause of fracture was unknown in 23.0% of the cases, while pathologic fractures occurred in 13.0% of cases. Young dogs (< 1-year-old) and dogs > 8-years of age were most affected. Mandibular fractures occurred in 90 dogs (90.0%), with two dogs (2.2%) having concurrent maxillary fractures. Maxillary fractures only were diagnosed in 10 dogs (10.0%). The molar region (47.1%) was the most commonly affected location for mandibular fracture, followed by fractures of the symphysis and parasymphysis (30.6%), premolar region (17.4%), angular process (4.1%) and vertical ramus (0.8%). In fractures of the mandibular region, the mandibular first molar tooth was often (85.9%) involved while the canine teeth were involved in 67.5% of symphyseal and parasymphyseal fractures. The most common fracture of the maxilla was the maxillary bone (52.4%), followed by the incisive (33.3%), palatine (9.5%), and nasal (4.8%) bones.

Análise clínica e histológica da utilizaçäo da resina acrílica autopolimerizável nas fraturas de mandíbula e maxila e separaçäo da sínfise mentoniana em cäes e gatos / Clinical and histological evaluation of acrylic resin in the fracture of the mandible and maxilla and separation of mandibular symphisis in dogs and cats

O trabalho foi desenvolvido em duas fases. A primeira constou de aplicaçäo de resina acrílica autopolimerizável sobre dentes de cäes experimentais, sem condicionamento ácido do esmalte dental; a gengiva foi analisada histologicamente nos períodos de um, três, sete, 14, 21 e 30 dias. A segunda fase foi conduzida em 20 cäes e 10 gatos com fraturas do sistema estomatognático, atendidos no Ambulatório Central da FMVZ/USP. Nessa segunda fase, clínica, foi aplicado condicionamento ácido do esmalte. A resina era usada nas fraturas rostrais às raízes distais do primeiro molar inferior e do quarto pré-molar superior, bem como na separaçäo da sínfise mentoniana. Os resultados da primeira fase mostraram que mesmo sem o condicionamento ácido houve aderência da resina acrílica sobre os dentes, embora houvesse necessidade de maior volume do material, o que provocou ulceraçöes dos tecidos moles da boca. Essa fase também evidenciou, à sondagem, que o epitélio de aderência sulcular permaneceu aderido, além de gengivite, ulceraçäo da gengiva, língua e mucosa alveolar. A análise histológica revelou predominantemente ulceraçäo dos tecidos em contato com a resina. Na segunda fase, todos os animais evidenciaram consolidaçäo óssea das fraturas, além de gengivite e ulceraçäo. Lesöes periodontais foram encontradas em dois animais dos quais a resina foi removida tardiamente, com quatro e 12 meses após a aplicaçäo, respectivamente. Em ambas as fases, os animais adaptaram-se bem à resina sobre os dentes.

Ocorrência de desvio radicular em dentes de cão / Occurrence of root deviation in teeth of dogs

O presente trabalho analisa a ocorrência de desvio radicular em 115 incisivos centrais e intermédios, 34 caninos e 19 quarto pré-molares superiores, totalizando 168 dentes. O desvio foi avaliado por imagens de vídeo VHS sobrepostas a um quadriculado. Os resultados mostram que 77,4 por cento dos incisivos apresentam desvios, sendo 61,0 por cento moderados, 28,5 por cento pequenos e 10,5 por cento severos (estes, apenas nas extremidades do terço apical), de acordo com adaptação da técnica proposta por SCHNEIDER6 para determinação e classificação do grau de curvatura dos canais. Para os caninos anotam-se 47,1 por cento dos dentes com desvio, sendo 75,0 por cento moderados e 25,0 por cento pequenos. E para os quarto pré-molares superiores observam-se 89,4 por cento dos dentes com desvio, sendo 75,0 por cento moderados, 16,7 por cento pequenos e 8,3 por cento severos. Comparados aos desvios radiculares observados na Odontologia Humana, concluímos que a ocorrência dos mesmos é baixa para a espécie canina facilitando a instrumentação do canal radicular.

A revolução dos bichos / Animal's revolution

A medicina veterinária descobre a odontologia. A prática demonstra que apenas um diploma não basta para o exercício desta polêmica especialidade. Falta de cursos e de mão-de-obra especializada obriga médicos veterinários a trabalharem em conjunto com CDs e vice-versa