What is Known About Dietary Interventions and Body Weight Management After Kidney Transplantation? A Scoping Review.

OBJECTIVE: Several studies report weight gain after kidney transplantation, which is commonly related to poor outcomes. However, recommendations for dietary interventions aiming to manage these patients' weight are still scarce in the literature. Thus, this review seeks to describe the state of literature on the effect of dietary interventions on weight after kidney transplantation. DESIGN: Scoping review. METHODS: This review was designed according to the recommendations for scoping reviews elaborated by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Studies assessing the effect of dietary interventions on body weight after kidney transplantations were searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Clinicaltrials.gov databases up to June 28, 2021. Two independent reviewers summarized the data collected. RESULTS: Thirteen (503 patients) of the 4.983 articles identified in the searched databases were included in our study. Most studies were published before 2010 and presented incomplete methodology descriptions. Nutritional counseling and dietary prescriptions according to the Step 1 diet of the American Heart Association (AHA) were the most common interventions. Only 2 studies evaluated changes in body weight as primary outcome. Three studies were randomized clinical trials (RCT), and none of these found the adopted interventions to demonstrate benefits. CONCLUSION: Our scoping review evinced a scarcity of data available in the literature addressing this topic. Most studies were not controlled and presented poor methodological quality. Moreover, these studies included small sample sizes, so that the assessment of dietary interventions in these patients still lacks power for definitive conclusions. Prospective RCT should be conducted to define effective in preventing weight gain or weight loss after kidney transplant.

Dietary patterns of patients with chronic coronary heart disease: a cross-sectional study / Modelos dietéticos de pacientes con enfermedad crónica de las arterias coronarias: un estudio transversal

The objective of this study was to identify dietary patterns in an outpatient cohort of coronary heart disease (CHD) patients, to compare these patterns with dietary recommendations of the international cardiology guidelines, and verify associations with cardiovascular risk factors. Dietary intake was assessed through a food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were identified by cluster analysis. The total energy intake, fiber, cholesterol, macro and micronutrients were calculated. Two dietary patterns were identified in 123 patients. Pattern I was characterized by a greater consumption of whole carbohydrates, beans, meats, vegetables, and fruits. Pattern II was rich in refined carbohydrates, fried foods, and sweets. Participants in pattern I had lower values of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) with 77.1 ± 9.9 mmHg (p= 0.002) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of 7.83 ± 1.76 % (p= 0.029) compared to pattern II with 84.1 ± 14.3 mmHg and 9.02 ± 2.29 %, respectively. Therefore, pattern I had a healthier nutritional composition, however, nutritional adequacy was still lacking. Despite this, participants in pattern I had significantly lower values of DBP and HbA1c, in addition to being associated with a better control of DBP.

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los modelos dietéticos de una cohorte de pacientes ambulatorios con enfermedad de las arterias coronarias (EAC) y compararlos con las recomendaciones dietéticas de las directrices internacionales de cardiología y verificar su asociación con el control de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular. La ingesta dietética se evaluó mediante un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo. El modelo dietético fue identificado por análisis de conglomerados. Se calculó la ingesta energética total, fibras, colesterol, macro y micronutrientes. Se identificaron dos modelos dietéticos en 123 pacientes. El modelo I se caracterizó por un mayor consumo de carbohidratos enteros, frijoles, carnes, verduras y frutas. El modelo II era rico en carbohidratos refinados, alimentos fritos y dulces. Los participantes en el modelo I tuvieron valores más bajos de presión arterial diastólica (PAD) con 77.1 ± 9.9 mmHg (p= 0.002) y hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c) de 7.83 ± 1.76 % (p= 0.029) en comparación con el modelo II con 84.1 ± 14.3 mmHg y 9.02 ± 2.29%, respectivamente. Por lo tanto, el modelo I tenía una composición nutricional más saludable, sin embargo, todavía carece de adecuación nutricional. A pesar de esto, los participantes del modelo I tuvieron valores más bajos de PAD y HbA1c.

Development ofafoodfrequency questionnaire to determine vitamin k intake in anticoagulated patients: a pilot study

ABSTRACT Our aim was to develop a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to estimate vitamin K intake in patients receiving warfarin. We conducted a cross-sectional study. The FFQ was designed based on a literature review, and included foods containing ≥ 5 µg/100 g consumed by the study group. The correlation between the intake of vitamin K estimated by the questionnaire and habitual intake measured by two 24-hour dietary recalls was assessed, as well as correlations between FFQ, International Normalized Ratio (INR) and serum vitamin K levels. The mean intake of vitamin K, estimated by the FFQ, was 112.6± 82.7 µg/day, and the habitual dietary intake estimated by 24-hour dietary recalls was 85.1±75.5 µg/ day, with a significant correlation between both methods (r= 0.756; p< 0.001). There was no correlation between FFQ and INR (r= 0.054; p= 0.716), or between FFQ and serum vitamin K (r= -0.005; p= 0.982). The strong correlation between vitamin K intake measured by FFQ and habitual dietary intake measured by 24-hour dietary recalls suggests that the FFQ can be used to estimate vitamin K intake.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo (CFC) para estimar la ingesta de vitamina K en pacientes que reciben warfarina. La investigación correspondió a un estudio transversal. El CFC se basó en una revisión de la literatura e incluyó alimentos que contenían ≥ de 5 µg/100 g. Se evaluó la correlación entre la ingesta de vitamina K estimada por el CFC y la ingesta habitual medida por dos recordatorios del consumo de las últimas 24 horas (R24). También se evaluó las correlaciones entre CFC, relación normalizada internacional (RNI) y los niveles séricos de vitamina K. La ingesta media de vitamina K, estimada por el CFC, fue de 112.6±82.7 µg/día, y la ingesta dietética habitual estimada por los R24 fue de 85.1±75.5 µg/día, con una correlación significativa entre ambos métodos (r= 0.756; p< 0.001). No hubo correlación entre CFC e RNI (r= 0.054; p= 0.716), o entre CFC y vitamina K sérica (r=-0.005; p= 0.982). La fuerte correlación entre la ingesta de vitamina K medida por CFC y los dos R24 sugiere que el CFC puede usarse para estimar el consumo de vitamina K.

Dietary Patterns in Secondary Prevention of Heart Failure: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Diet is an important factor in secondary prevention of heart failure (HF) but there is still no consensus as to which dietary model should be adopted by this population. This systematic review aims to clarify the relationship between dietary patterns and secondary prevention in HF. METHODS: We searched the Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases for studies with different dietary patterns and outcomes of secondary prevention in HF. No limitation was used in the search. RESULTS: 1119 articles were identified, 12 met the inclusion criteria. Studies with Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean, Hyperproteic and Low-carb diets were found. The DASH pattern showed improvement in cardiac function, functional capacity, blood pressure, oxidative stress and mortality. The Mediterranean diet had a correlation with inflammation, quality of life and cardiac function but just on cross-sectional studies. Regarding the Hyperproteic and Low-carb diets only one study was found with each pattern and both were able to improve functional capacity in patients with HF. CONCLUSIONS: DASH pattern may have benefits in the secondary prevention of HF. The Mediterranean diet demonstrated positive correlation with factors of secondary prevention of HF but need more RCTs and cohort studies to confirm these effects. In addition, the Hyperproteic and Low-carb diets, despite the lack of studies, also demonstrated positive effects on the functional capacity in patients with HF.

Mediterranean Diet and Other Dietary Patterns in Primary Prevention of Heart Failure and Changes in Cardiac Function Markers: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome and is recognized as the ultimate pathway of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies using nutritional strategies based on dietary patterns have proved to be effective for the prevention and treatment of CVD. Although there are studies that support the protective effect of these diets, their effects on the prevention of HF are not clear yet. METHODS: We searched the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases for studies that examined dietary patterns, such as dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH diet), paleolithic, vegetarian, low-carb and low-fat diets and prevention of HF. No limitations were used during the search in the databases. RESULTS: A total of 1119 studies were identified, 14 met the inclusion criteria. Studies regarding the Mediterranean, DASH, vegetarian, and Paleolithic diets were found. The Mediterranean and DASH diets showed a protective effect on the incidence of HF and/or worsening of cardiac function parameters, with a significant difference in relation to patients who did not adhere to these dietary patterns. CONCLUSIONS: It is observed that the adoption of Mediterranean or DASH-type dietary patterns may contribute to the prevention of HF, but these results need to be analyzed with caution due to the low quality of evidence.

Phase angle as a prognostic marker in patients with critical illness.

BACKGROUND: Phase angle (PA) is interpreted as an indicator of cell membrane integrity and a prognostic indicator in some clinical situations. This study aims to evaluate PA as a prognostic marker in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and associate this marker with length of hospital stay, mortality, and clinical scores. METHODS: A cohort study was conducted with 95 patients aged ≥18 years admitted to the ICU, who were assessed in terms of prognostic indexes (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II [APACHE II] and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment [SOFA]), clinical evolution (ICU discharge, death, and length of ICU stay), and PA. RESULTS: Patients were predominantly male (63.1%) and had a mean age of 63.7 ± 14.6 years; length of stay of 4 days (range, 3-9 days); mortality of 15.8%; mean APACHE II and SOFA scores of 17.3 ± 8.2 and 6.1 ± 3.1 points, respectively; and mean PA of 4.91 ± 1.36°. An association was observed between females and PA <5.1° (P = .035), which was the cutoff point determined from the receiver operating characteristic curve. PA was correlated with APACHE II score (r = -0.241; P = .02). This correlation became moderate only when patients without sepsis were considered (r = -0.506; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: PA seems to be a good prognostic marker for patients without sepsis. The weak correlation between PA and APACHE II score and the lack of association with other clinical outcomes are limitations for interpreting the prognostic value of PA in the entire study sample.

Adequacy of energy and nutrient intake in patients with heart failure.

BACKGROUND: Nutritional factors have a significant influence on the prognosis of patients with heart failure (HF). OBJECTIVE: The goal of the present study was to assess the food intake of stable patients with HF. METHODS: Patients of both genders aged over 18 years with a confirmed diagnosis of HF were recruited and matched with healthy individuals for age, sex and BMI. Food records and weighing were used to assess participant nutritional intake. DRIs and NCEP-ATP III recommendations were used to evaluate the adequacy of nutritional intake. RESULTS: Sixty-five percent of the 40 patients in the sample and 48% of the 25 control subjects were men. The mean age in both groups was 54±8 years and mean BMI was categorized as overweight. Carbohydrate, trans fatty acid and sodium intake were higher in the HF group as compared to control subjects (p=0.006, p.

Introducción: Factores nutricionales tienen una influencia significativa en el pronóstico de pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca (IC). Objetivos: Evaluar la ingesta de alimentos de pacientes con IC estable. Métodos: Pacientes de ambos sexos, mayores de 18 años, con diagnóstico confirmado de IC fueron reclutados y emparejados por edad, sexo y IMC con individuos sanos. La ingesta nutricional fue evaluada mediante el registro alimentario y pesaje de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de las DRIs y NCEP-ATP III para la evaluación de la adecuación de la ingesta nutricional. Resultados: El 65% de los 40 pacientes con IC y el 48% de los 25 individuos control eran hombres. La edad media en los grupos fue de 54±8 años y los valores del IMC fueron indicativos de sobrepeso. La ingesta de carbohidratos, ácidos grasos trans y sodio fue mayor en el grupo IC que en el grupo control (p=0,006, p.