RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and safety of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) compared to conventional ventilation (CV) for the treatment of respiratory failure in term and near-term infants in Colombia. STUDY DESIGN: Eligible infants with moderate to severe respiratory failure were randomized to early treatment with CV or HFOV. Ventilator management and general patient care were standardized. The main outcome was neonatal death or pulmonary air leak. RESULTS: A total of 119 infants were enrolled (55 in the HFOV group; 64 in the CV group) during the study period. Six infants in the HFOV group (11%) and two infants in the CV group (3%) developed the primary outcome (RR: 3.6, 95% CI: 0.8-16.9). Five infants in the HFOV group (9%) and one infant in the CV (2%) died before 28 days of life (RR: 5.9 CI: 0.7-48.2). Secondary outcomes were similar between groups. CONCLUSION: HFOV may not be superior to CV as an early treatment for respiratory failure in this age group. Standardization of ventilator management and general patient care may have a greater impact on the outcome in Colombia than mode of ventilation.