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ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Syagrus coronata, a palm tree found in northeastern Brazil, popularly known as licuri, has socioeconomic importance for the production of vegetable oil rich in fatty acids with nutritional and pharmacological effects. Licuri oil is used in traditional medicine to treat inflammation, wound healing, mycosis, back discomfort, eye irritation, and other conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY: The study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects of treatment with Syagrus coronata fixed oil (ScFO), as well as to determine the safety of use in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Initially, the chemical characterization was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Acute single-dose oral toxicity was evaluated in mice at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. Antinociceptive activity was evaluated through abdominal writhing, formalin, and tail dipping tests, and the anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated through the model of acute inflammation of ear edema, peritonitis, and fever at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg from ScFO. RESULTS: In the chemical analysis of ScFO, lauric (43.64%), caprylic (11.7%), and capric (7.2%) acids were detected as major. No mortality or behavioral abnormalities in the mice were evidenced over the 14 days of observation in the acute toxicity test. ScFO treatment decreased abdominal writhing by 27.07, 28.23, and 51.78% at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg. ScFO demonstrated central and peripheral action in the formalin test, possibly via opioidergic and muscarinic systems. In the tail dipping test, ScFO showed action from the first hour after treatment at all concentrations. ScFO (100 mg/kg) reduced ear edema by 63.76% and leukocyte and neutrophil migration and IL-1ß and TNF-α production in the peritonitis test. CONCLUSION: Mice treated with ScFO had a reduction in fever after 60 min at all concentrations regardless of dose. Therefore, the fixed oil of S. coronata has the potential for the development of new pharmaceutical formulations for the treatment of pain, inflammation, and fever.
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Analgésicos , Anti-Inflamatórios , Edema , Óleos de Plantas , Animais , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Analgésicos/isolamento & purificação , Analgésicos/toxicidade , Camundongos , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Masculino , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Peritonite/tratamento farmacológico , Antipiréticos/farmacologia , Arecaceae/química , Feminino , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Febre/tratamento farmacológico , Febre/induzido quimicamente , Administração Oral , Modelos Animais de DoençasRESUMO
This work aimed to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, antibacterial activity, and intestinal and gastric protective effects, in addition to the acute toxicity of the essential oil of E. stictopetala (EOEs). (E)-caryophyllene (18.01%), ß-pinene (8.84%), and (E)-nerolidol (8.24%), were the components found in higher content in the essential oil. The EOEs showed antioxidant capacity with IC50 values ranging from 220.28 to 283.67 µg/mL, in addition to presenting antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella enterica, and Listeria monocytogenes. The essential oil showed a gastroprotective effect, with a reduction in the levels of TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6, having multiple pharmacological mechanisms of action. An antidiarrheal effect of EOEs was observed in the castor oil-induced diarrheal model, with reduced intestinal motility. Our findings demonstrate that essential oil can be beneficial in pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications for treating gastrointestinal diseases.
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Probiotic-containing foods are among the most appreciated functional foods; however, probiotic-based dairy products cannot be consumed by people who are lactose intolerant, allergic to milk, or vegetarian or vegan individuals. Thus, new non-dairy matrices have been tested for probiotics delivery. This study evaluated the growth and viability of Limosilactobacillus fermentum ATCC 23271 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 9595 in Pitanga juice (Eugenia uniflora L.). The effects of the fermentation on the antioxidant and anti-infective properties of the juice were also analyzed. The E. uniflora juice allowed lactobacilli growth without supplementation, reaching rates around 8.4 Log CFU/mL and producing organic acids (pH values < 4) after 72 h of fermentation. The strain remained viable after 35 days of refrigerated storage. Fermentation by these bacteria increases the antioxidant capacity of the juice. The central composite rotational design was employed to evaluate the effects of bacterial inoculum and pulp concentration on growth and organic acids production by L. fermentum ATCC 23271. The strain was viable and produced organic acids in all tested combinations. L. fermentum-fermented juice and its cell-free supernatant significantly increased the survival of Tenebrio molitor larvae infected by enteroaggregative Escherichia coli 042. The results obtained in this study provide more insights into the potential of Pitanga juice to develop a functional non-dairy probiotic beverage with antioxidant and anti-infective properties.
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Antioxidantes , Eugenia , Fermentação , Limosilactobacillus fermentum , Probióticos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Limosilactobacillus fermentum/metabolismo , Limosilactobacillus fermentum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Limosilactobacillus fermentum/fisiologia , Limosilactobacillus fermentum/efeitos dos fármacos , Probióticos/farmacologia , Eugenia/química , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais/microbiologia , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais/análise , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/metabolismo , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/efeitos dos fármacos , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Melanoma is difficult to treat with chemotherapy, prompting the need for new treatments. Protease inhibitors have emerged as promising candidates as tumor cell proteases promote metastasis. Researchers have developed a chimeric form of the Bauhinia bauhinioides kallikrein inhibitor, rBbKIm, which has shown negative effects on prostate tumor cell lines DU145 and PC3. Crataeva tapia bark lectin, CrataBL, targets sulfated oligosaccharides in glycosylated proteins and has also demonstrated deleterious effects on prostate and glioblastoma tumor cells. However, neither rBbKIm nor its derived peptides affected the viability of SK-MEL-28, a melanoma cell line, while CrataBL decreased viability by over 60%. Two peptides, Pep. 26 (Ac-Q-N-S-S-L-K-V-V-P-L-NH2) and Pep. 27 (Ac-L-P-V-V-K-L-S-S-N-Q-NH2), were also tested. Pep. 27 suppressed cell migration and induced apoptosis when combined with vemurafenib, while Pep. 26 inhibited cell migration and reduced nitric oxide and the number of viable cells. Vemurafenib, a chemotherapy drug used to treat melanoma, was found to decrease the release of interleukin 8 and PDGF-AB/BB cytokines and potentiated the effects of proteins and peptides in reducing these cytokines. These findings suggest that protease inhibitors may be effective in blocking melanoma cells and highlight the potential of CrataBL and its derived peptides.
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Melanoma , Masculino , Humanos , Vemurafenib/farmacologia , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Apoptose , Citocinas/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteases/farmacologiaRESUMO
The association of quantum dots (QDs) to carbohydrate-binding proteins - lectins - has revealed novel biotechnological strategies for glycobiology studies. Herein, carboxyl-coated QDs were conjugated by adsorption to Cramoll, a glucose/mannose lectin obtained from Cratylia mollis seeds. Then, the conjugates were optically characterized and used to evaluate the surface carbohydrate profiles of four Aeromonas species isolated from the tambaqui fish (Colossoma macropomum). All the Aeromonas cells were labeled by the conjugate. Inhibition assays with methyl-α-D-mannopyranoside and mannan were performed to confirm the labeling specificity. Cramoll-QDs conjugates presented high brightness and showed similar absorption and emission profiles compared to bare QDs. According to the labeling pattern of Aeromonas spp. by the conjugate, results suggested that A. jandaei and A. dhakensis strains may harbor a higher content of more complex glucose/mannose surface glycans, with more available sites for Cramoll-QDs interaction, than A. hydrophila and A. caviae. Noteworthy, the Cramoll-QDs conjugates demonstrated to be potential tools for bacterial characterization based on superficial carbohydrate detection.
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Aeromonas , Pontos Quânticos , Animais , Pontos Quânticos/química , Manose , Lectinas/química , Carboidratos , GlucoseRESUMO
Despite the fact that skin has a stronger potential to regenerate than other tissues, wounds have become a serious healthcare issue. Much effort has been focused on developing efficient therapeutical approaches, especially biological ones. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the wound healing process, the classification of wounds, and the particular characteristics of each phase of the repair process. We also highlight characteristics of the normal process and those involved in impaired wound healing, specifically in the case of infected wounds. The treatments discussed here include proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Proteins are important actors mediating interactions between cells and between them and the extracellular matrix, which are essential interactions for the healing process. Different strategies involving biopolymers, blends, nanotools, and immobilizing systems have been studied against infected wounds. Lipids of animal, mineral, and mainly vegetable origin have been used in the development of topical biocompatible formulations, since their healing, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties are interesting for wound healing. Vegetable oils, polymeric films, lipid nanoparticles, and lipid-based drug delivery systems have been reported as promising approaches in managing skin wounds. Carbohydrate-based formulations as blends, hydrogels, and nanocomposites, have also been reported as promising healing, antimicrobial, and modulatory agents for wound management.
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Anti-Infecciosos , Cicatrização , Animais , Pele , Lipídeos , CarboidratosRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Eugenia gracillima is widely used by the population in the manufacture of pulps and jellies, with popular reports of its use in the treatment of infections in the urinary system, respiratory and dermatological problems. A previous study reports that EO from E. gracillima leaves proved to be a promising antioxidant agent in combating the promastigote forms of protozoa. Despite this, this species has been little studied due to its pharmacological properties. STUDY OBJECTIVE: In this study, an essential oil extracted (EO) from Eugenia gracillima leaves was evaluated for its acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and behavioral effects in mice. METHODS: The EO was obtained by hydrodistillation, and the composition analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Acute toxicity assessment was performed with observation of hematological parameters and histopathological evaluation, as well as tests to investigate antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory activities and behavioral effects. RESULTS: Chromatographic analysis showed D-germacrene (16.10%), γ-muurolene-g (15.60%) and bicyclogermacrene (8.53%) as the majority of compounds. In the toxicity evaluation, no death or physiological changes were observed in mice treated with a single oral dose of up to 5000 mg/kg, and it did not lyse erythrocytes in vitro. The hematological parameters evaluated were not changed after treatment; however, 5,000 mg/kg promoted an increase in transaminase levels. In the histopathological evaluation, only the animals that received the dose of 5000 mg/kg showed discrete leukocyte infiltration around the centrilobular vein in the liver. Antinociceptive activity was detected through tests of acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin, and tail flick, promoted in part by the opioid receptor pathway. In the evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity, a reduction in inflammation was observed in the paw edema test and a decrease in the migration of leukocytes and neutrophils in the peritonitis test. The open field and elevated plus maze tests showed that EO did not affect the animals' motor functions or exploratory activity. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the essential oil of E. gracillima has potential for the development of pharmaceutical formulations with analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions in non-toxic concentrations.
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Eugenia , Óleos Voláteis , Camundongos , Animais , Óleos Voláteis/uso terapêutico , Óleos Voláteis/toxicidade , Eugenia/química , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Dor/induzido quimicamente , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Analgésicos/toxicidade , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/toxicidade , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Preparations from the bark and leaves of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi are commonly used to treat toothaches and sore throats. The use of medications based on leaves of this plant has also been reported for pain of arthritis, toothache, and sore throat. Some evidence indicated that the lectin SteLL is an antinociceptive agent from leaves. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study evaluated the antinociceptive activity of S. terebinthifolia leaf lectin (SteLL) using mouse models of peripheral and central nociception. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Animals were treated intraperitoneally with SteLL at 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg. An acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing test was performed to screen for the antinociceptive effect of the lectin. Next, the formalin test was used to assess the effects of SteLL on neurogenic (first phase) and inflammatory (second phase) pain, as well as to investigate the involvement of the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of SteLL and opioid receptors in the antinociceptive effect. The tail immersion test was performed to assess the central antinociception. Additionally, a rotarod test was performed to evaluate the effects of lectin on motor coordination in mice. RESULTS: SteLL reduced the number of acetic acid-induced writhes by 83.5-100.0%. In the first phase of the formalin test, SteLL reduced paw licking time by 49.4-50.5%, while in the second phase, SteLL reduced paw licking time by 80.5-82.6%. This antinociceptive effect was reversed by the previous incubation of the lectin with ovalbumin (indicating the possible involvement of the CRD) and by the administration of naloxone, a nonselective opioid receptor antagonist. When testing selective antagonists of opioid receptors (µ, δ, and κ), only naltrindole, a selective δ receptor antagonist, blocked the antinociceptive action of SteLL during the second phase of the formalin test. In the tail immersion test, SteLL (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg) administration reduced sensitivity to thermal stimulus, which was observed even after 2 h. SteLL (10 mg/kg) did not affect animal motor coordination in rotarod test when compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: SteLL has peripheral and central analgesic action involving opioid receptor modulation without affecting the motor coordination of animals. These results provide new perspectives for developing analgesic agents using lectins.
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Anacardiaceae , Lectinas , Animais , Camundongos , Analgésicos , Carboidratos , Dor/induzido quimicamente , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Folhas de Planta , Receptores OpioidesRESUMO
Eugenia brejoensis Mazine (Myrtaceae) is source of an essential oil (EbEO) with anti-infective activities against Staphylococcus aureus. This study evaluated the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potentials of EbEO in S. aureus-infected skin wounds. The excisional lesions (64 mm2) were induced on Swiss mice back (6 to 8-week-old) that were allocated into 3 groups (n = 12): 1) non-infected wounds (CON); 2) wounds infected with S. aureus ATCC 6538 (Sa); 3) S. aureus-infected wounds and treated with EbEO (Sa + EbEO). The infected groups received approximately 104 CFU/wound. The animals were treated with EbEO (10 µg/wound/day) or vehicle from the 1-day post-infection (dpi) until the 10th dpi. The clinical parameters (wound area, presence of exudate, edema intensity, etc.) were daily analyzed. The levels of inflammatory mediators (cytokines, nitric oxide, VEGF) and bacterial load were measured at the cutaneous tissue at 4th dpi and 10th dpi. Topical application of EbEO accelerated wound contraction with an average contraction of 83.48 ± 11.27 % of the lesion area until 6th dpi. In this period, the rates of lesion contraction were 54.28 ± 5.57% and 34.5 ± 2.67% for CON and Sa groups, respectively. The positive effects of EbEO on wound contraction were associated with significantly (p < 0.05) reduction on bacterial load and the release of inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-17A, TNF-α, NO and VEGF). Taken together, these data confirm the antimicrobial potential of EbEO and provide insights into its anti-inflammatory effects, making this essential oil an interesting candidate for the development of new therapeutic alternatives for infected cutaneous wounds.
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Dental caries is a multifactorial, biofilm-dependent infectious disease that develops when detrimental changes occur in the oral cavity microenvironment. The antimicrobial and antivirulence properties of the essential oil obtained from the leaves of Eugenia brejoensis Mazine (EBEO) have been reported against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Herein, the antimicrobial action of EBEO towards Streptococcus mutans is reported, along with the development and characterization of dental adhesives doped with. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of EBEO were determined against S. mutans, while its toxicity was analyze using Tenebrio molitor larvae. EBEO (MIC and 10×MIC) was incorporated into the Ambar Advanced Polymerization System® (Ambar APS), a two-step total-etch adhesive system (FGM Dental Group), and the antibiofilm action was evaluated. The reflective strength, modulus of elasticity, degree of conversion, and maximum rate of polymerization of each adhesive were also determined. The MIC and MBC values of EBEO against S. mutans were 62.5 µg/mL. The tested concentrations of EBEO were non-toxic to T. molitor larvae. The formation of S. mutans biofilms was significantly inhibited by EBEO and EBEO-coated resin discs (p < 0.05). Importantly, EBEO incorporation did not affect the mechanical and physicochemical properties in relation to oil-free adhesive version. EBEO showed strong antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against S. mutans, no toxicity effect against T. molitor larvae, and did not jeopardize the physical-chemical properties tested.
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Eugenia pohliana DC.(Myrtaceae) is used in folk medicine by communities in Brazil. However, there are no reports on its biological activity. This is the first study to identify the components of E. pohliana essential oil (EpEO) and evaluate their antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in an in vivo model at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg. The essential oil (EO) was obtained by hydrodistillation, and the analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Antinociceptive activity was evaluated by writhing tests, tail movement, and formalin (neurogenic and inflammatory pain); naloxone was used to determine the nociception mechanism. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by oedema and peritonitis tests. We found that (E)-ß-caryophyllene (BCP) (15.56%), δ-cadinene (11.24%) and α-cadinol (10.89%) were the major components. In the writhing test, there was a decrease in writing by 42.95-70.70%, in the tail movement, an increase in latency time by 69.12-86.63%, and in the formalin test, there was a reduction in pain neurogenic by 29.54-61.74%, and inflammatory pain by 37.42-64.87%. The antinociceptive effect of EpEO occurs through the activation of opioid receptors. In addition, a reduction in inflammation by 74.93â81.41% was observed in the paw edema test and inhibition of the influx of leukocytes by 51.86â70.38% and neutrophils by 37.74â54.72% in the peritonitis test. It was concluded that EpEO has antinociceptive effect by the opioid pathway, as shown by the inhibitory effect of naloxone, and anti-inflammatory actions, and that its use does not cause hemolytic damage or behavioral change.
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Eugenia , Myrtaceae , Óleos Voláteis , Peritonite , Camundongos , Animais , Eugenia/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/uso terapêutico , Nociceptividade , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Peritonite/tratamento farmacológico , Naloxona/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The ability to reversibly bind carbohydrates is an incredible property from lectins. Such characteristic has led these molecules to be employed in several applications involving medical research and biotechnology. Generally, these proteins follow several steps towards purification. Here, the synthesis, physical characterization, and use of levan-coated magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs-levan) for lectin isolation is described. Canavalia ensiformis and Cratylia mollis were used as sources of Concanavalin A and Cramoll, respectively, that were purified by using MNPs-levan. Mass spectrometry, SDS-PAGE, and hemagglutinating activity were employed to assess the efficiency of the process. Moreover, by using mass spectrometry approaches, a novel lectin, similar to Canavalin, was also identified for C. mollis, corroborating the advantages of using nanoparticles over microparticles. MNPs-levan could also be recycled, making this a low-cost, scalable process that can be efficiently employed over crude samples.
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Fabaceae , Nanopartículas de Magnetita , Fabaceae/química , Óxido Ferroso-Férrico , Frutanos , Lectinas/análise , Lectinas/química , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Lectinas de Plantas/química , Plantas/metabolismo , Sementes/químicaRESUMO
The genus Aeromonas comprises more than 30 Gram-negative bacterial species and naturally inhabitants from aquatic environments. These microorganisms, commonly regarded as pathogens of fish and several other animals, have been gaining prominence on medical trial due to its ability to colonize and infect human beings. Besides water, Aeromonas are widely spreaded on most varied sources like soil, vegetables, and food; Although its opportunistic nature, they are able to cause infections on immunocompromised or immunocompetent patients. Aeromonas species regarded as potential human pathogens are usually A. hydrophila, A. caviae, and A. veronii biovar sobria. The main clinical manifestations are gastrointestinal tract disorders, wound, and soft tissue infections, as well as septicemia. Regarding to antibiotic responses, the bacteria present a diversified susceptibility profile and show inherence resistance to ampicillin. Aeromonas, as an ascending genus in microbiology, has been carefully studied aiming comprehension and development of methods for detection and medical intervention of infectious processes, not fully elucidated in medicine. This review focuses on current clinical knowledge related to human health disorders caused by Aeromonas to contribute on development of efficient approaches able to recognize and impair the pathological processes.
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Myrciaria pilosa is a tree species of the Brazilian Caatinga biome. This paper is the first report on the chemical composition and the antimicrobial and antivirulence activities of essential oil extracted from its leaves. The oil was extracted by hydrodistillation. Chemical composition determined by GC-MS and CG-FID revealed 63 compounds; the sesquiterpenes guaiol (13.17%) and (E)-ß-caryophyllene (11.26%) dominated. Antimicrobial activity against strains of Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated by the broth microdilution method. It showed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 5 µg/mL against evaluated strains and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) ranging from 10 to 20 µg/mL. Evaluation of antivirulence activity showed reductions of 92.0% and 47.2%, respectively, in haemolytic action and production of staphyloxanthin. These findings show that the essential oil of M. pilosa has potential as an antimicrobial drug to control infection by multi-resistant strains of S. aureus.
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Anti-Infecciosos , Myrtaceae , Óleos Voláteis , Infecções Estafilocócicas , Antibacterianos/química , Anti-Infecciosos/análise , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Myrtaceae/química , Óleos Voláteis/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Staphylococcus aureusRESUMO
This work evaluated the immunomodulatory and anti-infective effects of Cratylia mollis lectin (Cramoll) in a model of wound infection induced by S. aureus. Swiss mice were divided into 3 groups (n = 12/group): non-inoculated (Control group); inoculated with S. aureus (Sa group); inoculated with S. aureus and treated with Cramoll (Sa + Cramoll group). In each animal, one lesion (64 mm2) was induced on the back and contaminated with S. aureus (~4.0 × 106 CFU/wound). The treatment with Cramoll (5 µg/animal/day) started 1-day post-infection (dpi) and extended for 10 days. Clinical parameters (wound size, inflammatory aspects, etc.) were daily recorded; while cytokines levels, bacterial load and histological aspects were determined in the cutaneous tissue at 4th dpi or 11th dpi. The mice infected with S. aureus exhibited a delay in wound contraction and the highest inflammatory scores. These effects were impaired by the treatment with Cramoll which reduced the release of key inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, NO, VEGF) and the bacterial load at wound tissue. Histological evaluations showed a restauration of skin structures in the animals treated with Cramoll. Taken together, these results provide more insights about the healing and immunomodulatory properties of Cramoll and suggest this lectin as a lead compound for treatment of wound infection.
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Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Fabaceae , Agentes de Imunomodulação/farmacologia , Lectinas de Plantas/farmacologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/prevenção & controle , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecção dos Ferimentos/prevenção & controle , Animais , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Carga Bacteriana , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Fabaceae/química , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Agentes de Imunomodulação/isolamento & purificação , Camundongos , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Lectinas de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Estafilocócicas/imunologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/metabolismo , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecção dos Ferimentos/imunologia , Infecção dos Ferimentos/metabolismo , Infecção dos Ferimentos/microbiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND This study aimed to produce carotenoids of two bacterial strains obtained and isolated from Caatinga soil in Northeastern Brazil and to evaluate their antioxidant and photoprotective activities. The morphological identification of bacteria was performed by Gram staining and molecularly confirmed through the 16S rRNA gene. The production of carotenoids was performed on two 23 factorial designs to analyze the influence of independent variables (temperature range, luminosity, agitation, spiral presence, and bacterial isolate type) for maximum carotenoid yield. The selected condition has been transferred to a bioreactor (10L). The identification of carotenoids was performed by liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Antioxidant activity was determined by inhibiting the bcarotene/linoleic acid system and the effectiveness as sunscreen was measured through its sun protection factor (SPF). RESULTS The results revealed that the isolates FT-7.22 and FT-5.12 were identified as Kocuria palustris; producers of a rare C50 carotenoid sarcinaxanthin. This is the first report on the production of carotenoids by this species from the Caatinga Domain. The pigment that was obtained from the Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) medium in the best conditions of the factorial designs (increased agitation, aeration, and light exposure) exhibited a significant increase in the carotenoid production. The isolated FT-7.22 reached a higher sarcinaxanthin concentration (112,480 lg/L), and it exhibited promising antioxidant (76.53 ± 0.09%) and photoprotective activities (SPF = 9.36 ± 0.52). CONCLUSIUON This study demonstrated the ability of K. palustris to produce carotenoid sarcinaxanthin with antioxidant and photoprotective activities so that it can be applied in cosmetic formulations. How to cite: Mendes-Silva TCD, Vidal EE, de Souza RFR, et al. Production of carotenoid sarcinaxant
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Carotenoides/química , Micrococcaceae/metabolismo , Micrococcaceae/química , Antioxidantes/química , Brasil , Carotenoides/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologiaRESUMO
This work evaluated the volatile composition, antioxidant and antiprotozoal activities of the essential oil obtained from leaves of Eugenia gracillima Kiaersk. (EGEO) grown in Brazilian Northeast area (Araripe, Brazil). The volatile compounds of EGEO were analyzed by GC and GC-MS and its chemical composition is mainly composed of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (91.22%), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (7.45%) and monoterpene (1.01%). The most abundant volatile constituents of the EGEO were germacrene D (16.10%), γ-muurolene (15.60%), bicyclogermacrene (8.53%), germacrene B (7.43%), and Δ-elemene (6.06%). The oil showed weak to moderate antioxidant activity. EGEO was highly selective to Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania infantum promastigotes with selective indexes of 73.66 and 71.41, respectively. EGEO did not inhibit Trypanosoma cruzi. These data suggest that the E. gracillima essential oil is a relevant source of lead compounds for development of anti-Leishmania drugs.
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Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antiprotozoários/farmacologia , Eugenia/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , Animais , Anti-Infecciosos/análise , Antiprotozoários/química , Linhagem Celular , Leishmania/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Óleos Voláteis/química , Sesquiterpenos/química , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Sesquiterpenos de Germacrano/química , Sesquiterpenos de Germacrano/farmacologia , Superóxidos/metabolismo , Trypanosoma cruzi/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Abstract INTRODUCTION: The aac(6')-Ib-cr and bla KPC genes are spreading among Enterobacteriaceae species, including Providencia stuartii, in some countries of world. METHODS: These genes were investigated in 28 P. stuartii isolates from a public hospital in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, by PCR and sequencing. RESULTS: The aac(6')-Ib-cr gene was detected in 16 resistant isolates, and the bla KPC gene was seen in 14. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of these genes in P. stuartii multi- and extensively drug-resistant isolates indicates that the resistance arsenal of this species is increasing, thus limiting the therapeutic options.
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Humanos , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae , Plasmídeos , beta-Lactamases/genética , Brasil , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Providencia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Antibacterianos/farmacologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The aac(6')-Ib-cr and bla KPC genes are spreading among Enterobacteriaceae species, including Providencia stuartii, in some countries of world. METHODS: These genes were investigated in 28 P. stuartii isolates from a public hospital in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, by PCR and sequencing. RESULTS: The aac(6')-Ib-cr gene was detected in 16 resistant isolates, and the bla KPC gene was seen in 14. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of these genes in P. stuartii multi- and extensively drug-resistant isolates indicates that the resistance arsenal of this species is increasing, thus limiting the therapeutic options.
Assuntos
Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Brasil , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Plasmídeos , Providencia , beta-Lactamases/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Opportunistic fungal infections are increasingly common, with Candida albicans being the most common etiological agent; however, in recent years, episodes of candidiasis caused by non-albicans Candida species have emerged. Plants belonging to the Lauraceae family have shown remarkable antifungal effects. This study assessed the anti-Candida activity of Ocotea glomerata extracts and fractions, time of death and the synergistic effects with conventional antifungals. The possible mechanism of action was also addressed. METHODS: Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by broth microdilution technique, and the mechanism of action was assessed by ergosterol, sorbitol, cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and phosphatidylserine externalization tests. RESULTS: All the tested extracts evidenced antifungal activity, but the methanol extract was revealed to be the most effective (MIC = 3.12 µg/mL) on C. krusei. The combination of methanol extract with ketoconazole and fluconazole revealed a synergistic effect for C. krusei and C. albicans, respectively. Fractions 1 and 5 obtained from the methanol extract had fungicidal activity, mainly against C. krusei. Methanol extract did not reveal effects by ergosterol and sorbitol assays; however, it led to an increase in intracellular ROS levels, decreased cell viability, and consequently, cell death. CONCLUSION: O. glomerata methanol extract may be viewed as a rich source of biomolecules with antifungal activity against Candida spp.